Small Medium Research Articles

Dreaming in English in West Africa: stories of language, hope and the transformative power of multilingualism

ABSTRACT Examining narratives from now-adults who attended a small English Medium of Instruction school in West Africa during the 2000s, this study investigates the connections forged between language, hopes, dreams, and the manifold opportunities and challenges that unfolded as a result of their EMI education. Guided by the principles of Ubuntu, a community ethic prevalent in the research context, the paper shows how these young individuals transcended the need to align their aspirations with their socio-political reality. Against the backdrop of English’s enduring perception as a gateway to enhanced quality of life, the study identifies a notable shift towards what we term attunement. Attunement emerges at the intersection of the constraining effects of the hegemony of English and the empowering principles of Ubuntu, fostering a flexible approach to personal and classroom language. This dynamic process opens up additional avenues of access and establishes the desired connections between language, hopes, and dreams.

The Effect of a Tailored Educational Flyer on Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Rural Residents: Lessons Learned from a Pilot Randomized Trial.

Background/Objectives: Stool-based tests, such as the fecal immunochemical test (FIT), have been widely used for increasing colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. Small media, such as printed materials or flyers, are known to be an effective intervention to increase CRC screening by fecal tests. However, more evidence is needed to determine whether such small media are effective in improving screening uptake of a mailed FIT intervention targeted at rural populations in the USA. Methods: In this randomized study, 1230 FIT kits were mailed from July to December 2022 to rural Nebraskans aged 45-74 who were not up to date on CRC screening. Half of the participants (n = 608) also received a tailored, one-page, gender-specific educational flyer created based on focus groups with rural residents. Logistic regression was used to determine predictors of returning the FIT. Results: Study participants were predominantly female (76%), non-Hispanic White (83%), and within the age group of 55-64 (43%). Overall, 192 (15.6%) kits were returned (16.1% from the flyer group; 15.1% from the no-flyer group). However, we found no significant differences between the flyer and no-flyer groups (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR]: 1.21; 95% CI: 0.88-1.66). Females (AOR: 1.78; 95% CI: 1.19-6.14) and the oldest (65-74) age group (AOR: 5.03; 95% CI: 2.78-8.47) were more likely to return FIT kits than males and the youngest (45-54) age group. Conclusions: A tailored educational flyer was not effective in improving the CRC-screening-rate-by-mailed-FIT approach for rural populations. Future research should explore the content, timing, and mode of delivery of educational interventions as well as other multi-component strategies to improve screening rates. Public health officials might also consider developing strategies targeted at males and younger (45-54) age groups.

Association between lipoprotein particle concentration and size and progression of coronary plaque: the MACS Longitudinal Coronary CT angiography study

Abstract Background People living with HIV have greater risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) than people without HIV and tend to have different risk profiles, including higher serum triglycerides and lower LDL cholesterol levels. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides a detailed phenotype of lipoproteins. Purpose To examine the associations between lipoprotein particle concentrations and size and progression of coronary artery plaque among people living with and without HIV, and whether these associations differ by HIV serostatus. Methods Men with no clinical CVD in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) who underwent a coronary CT angiography at baseline (2010-13) and follow-up (2015-17) were included. NMR spectroscopy was completed on fasting serum samples at baseline. Logistic regression models for the change in total coronary plaque volume (in tertiles) were estimated with NMR-derived lipoproteins as predictors. Levels were log-transformed and standardized to make results comparable. Models were adjusted for demographics, statin use and HIV serostatus (model 1) with addition of CVD risk factors (model 2). Interactions by HIV serostatus were also tested. Results A total of 549 men (314 with HIV; 235 without HIV) were included. Mean age was 53 ±7 years; 58% were White, 30% Black, and 12% Hispanic. Coronary plaque was present in 70% and plaque volume progressed in 79% of the cohort. Among men with HIV, 81% had undetectable HIV RNA and 12% had a diagnosis of AIDS at baseline. Men with HIV had significantly higher levels of small LDL-P, and total, medium and large VLDL-P levels compared to men without HIV, and lower levels of total, small and large HDL-P (Table 1). Men with HIV had significantly greater progression of plaque volume (37 mm3) compared to men without HIV (31 mm3, p<0.05). Levels of total and small LDL-P concentrations were directly associated with plaque progression, whereas large HDL-P was inversely associated with plaque progression in the combined sample (Model 2). Associations between total and small LDL-P with plaque progression were stronger in men with HIV than in men without HIV in models 1 and 2 (interaction p<0.01). While associations in fully adjusted models for total VLDL-P and small VLDL-P were significant in men without HIV, there were no significant associations between these particle concentrations with coronary plaque progression among men without HIV (interaction p< 0.01) (Model 2, Table 2). Conclusion Associations between lipid particle concentrations and coronary plaque progression differed between men with and without HIV, with stronger associations seen in men without HIV for total and small LDL-P. Despite having higher VLDL and lower HDL particle concentrations at baseline, these particle concentrations were only associated with plaque progression in men without HIV. Further research is needed to elucidate HIV specific factors for plaque progression to tailor risk reduction strategies.

Analysis of strategies for increasing the competitiveness of jackfruit chips small medium enterprises in Malang Regency, Indonesia

Jackfruit chips small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malang Regency play an important role in national economic growth. The purpose of this study was to find a strategy to improve the competitiveness of jackfruit chips in Malang Regency. Technical analysis of research data was conducted using analysis of external and internal factors and the concept of the house model for determining strategies for increasing the competitiveness of jackfruit chips SMEs in Malang Regency. The results showed that by increasing product variables, improving human resources and marketing institutions could be a strengthening strategy for increasing the sustainable competitiveness of jackfruit chips SMEs.

Relationship Between Operational Factors and Cost Efficiency in Defined Contributions Pension Schemes

Pension schemes in Kenya provide income for individuals who attain the retirement age and consequently boost economic growth as well as accelerate domestic savings. The industry is regulated by the Retirement Benefits Authority (RBA). The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between operational practices on cost efficiency in defined contributions pension schemes in Kenya. The specific objectives were to determine the relationship between service provider costs on cost efficiency in defined contributions pension schemes, to examine the relationship between fund size on cost efficiency in defined contributions pension schemes, to determine the relationship between portfolios mix on cost efficiency in defined contributions pension schemes and to examine the relationship between investment strategy on cost efficiency in defined contributions pension schemes. The study will be significant to the management of defined contributions pension schemes in Kenya and other researchers. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was all the 1,262 pension schemes in Kenya. Stratified random sampling was employed to select small schemes, medium schemes, large schemes and mega pension schemes in Kenya and obtained a total of 304 sample population. The study used secondary data. Descriptive statistics was performed by getting frequencies, means, and standard deviation for the purpose of understanding the results, which was displayed in tables, charts, and graphs. A multiple regression model was fitted to the data and the results revealed that there was a relationship between cost efficiency and service provision expenses, portfolio mix, fund size and investment strategies. Service provision expenses for a pension scheme should be able to cover the cost of administration without unduly compromising the growth of pension savings. Further, while a substantial fund size offered advantages, it should be complemented by strategic acumen and diligent oversight to ensure the scheme delivers on its mandate. A balanced and diversified portfolio is considered a cornerstone providing a buffer against market volatility and therefore enhancing the prospects of sustainable goals and cost efficiency. Finally, the cost associated with portfolio mix and risk management was a necessary investment in securing the long-term sustainability and stability of the pension fund. Recommendation for further studies on cost efficiency of defined benefits schemes should be done as well as further studies on challenges facing pension schemes in Kenya

Impact of patent infringement damages on firms' innovation performance: the moderating effects of patent-intensive industries

PurposeThe patent thickets exacerbate patent infringement, especially in patent-intensive industries. Damages are a crucial remedy for patent infringement, upholding innovation incentives in the patent system. This paper aims to examine the impact of damages on the subsequent innovation performance of plaintiff and defendant firms and the moderating role of patent-intensive industries in these effects.Design/methodology/approachBased on data from 1,062 Chinese firms involved in patent infringement litigation, this paper uses Poisson panel regression models to examine the dynamic impact of damages on incremental and breakthrough innovation performance for plaintiff and defendant firms and further validates the moderating role of patent-intensive industries on the impacts. Additionally, this paper conducts heterogeneity analysis by categorizing the sample into micro and small enterprises (MSEs) and medium and large enterprises (MLEs).FindingsThis paper shows that MLE plaintiffs skew toward incremental rather than breakthrough innovations after awarding damages, whereas MSEs transiently engage in high-level innovation activities. (2) Plaintiffs with higher payout ratios are more inclined toward undertaking breakthrough innovations. (3) Awarded damages significantly inhibit the innovative output of defendants at varying levels of innovation. (4) Plaintiff firms in patent-intensive industries show more innovation after awarding damages than those in other sectors, but damages do not effectively encourage MSEs to innovate. Defendants in patent-intensive industries are also more reluctant to innovate after damages.Originality/valueThis paper empirically investigates the relationship between patent damages and firms' subsequent innovation performance in terms of litigation status, organizational scale and level of technological innovation. Besides, this paper reveals the differences in the impact of patent protection on firms' innovation in patent-intensive industries versus other industries.

Colorectal Cancer Alliance: Promoting prevention and early detection with screening navigation and a personalized recommendation via a digital screening quiz tool for colorectal cancer.

38 Background: Evaluating the effectiveness of a Colorectal Cancer screening navigation model delivered in a digital platform offered by a patient advocacy organization. Designed as a digital screening quiz tool and live navigation to promote CRC screening, the Colorectal Cancer Alliance’s Screening Quiz is a risk stratification tool that connects respondents to live certified cancer care navigators delivering evidence-based interventions to increase CRC screening, education and patient and family support. The framework utilizes small and mass media, one-on-one education and patient navigation services to help address and reduce barriers to care. Critical interventions which research shows that on-time screening for CRC leads to better outcomes. Methods: The Screening Quiz has been promoted through social sharing, community outreach, media, including influencer campaigns to increase outreach to at-risk communities. Questions assess personal and family history, hereditary syndromes, and demographics to provide a CRC screening recommendation based on current USPSTF guidelines. Respondents overdue for screening are triaged to the Alliance’s patient navigation team. This interaction includes phone calls and emails for symptomatic individuals/ high risk for CRC, telephonic and email for average-risk uninsured, and emails for average-risk insured. At-risk individuals are connected to resources, such as financial assistance, free at-home screening tests, and colonoscopy scheduling services. Results: July 2022 to March 2024, the Screening Quiz provided over 45,000 screening recommendations. The median age of respondents was 47; 32% of respondents were between the ages of 45 to 64. Of the respondents, 29% were male and 71% were female. Most were White (75.6%), nearly half of those who opted into navigation identified as BIPOC, including 14.7% Black/AA, 17.8% Hispanic or Latino, 6.1% Asian, and 2.0% AI/AN. Additionally, 9.7% of respondents identified as ethnically Hispanic/Latino with another race. Most respondents were symptomatic (67.4%) but 6.4% were asymptomatic high-risk. These two groups represented 89% of 1,599 respondents triaged to patient navigation. Conclusions: This digital screening tool and live navigation framework may serve as a key solution in driving CRC screening compared to other interventions. Providing access to live navigation, educational resources, and support services for CRC screening and diagnosis. The Alliance is uniquely positioned with its national network of volunteers, partners, and community presence to effectively reach at-risk communities. Aligning with the science of evidence-based interventions, the Alliance will continue to leverage the Screening Quiz in partnership with healthcare and community stakeholders to close Colorectal Cancer screening gaps.

Contribution Of Instagram And Youtube On The Growth Of Small Business

Social media has profoundly transformed the landscape for small businesses in a dynamic manner, offering both significant challenges and opportunities. This service facilitates direct engagement with customers, fostering community and brand loyalty and personalized customer service that can significantly enhance a business’s reputation and customer retention. However, the rapid pace and ever-changing nature of social media also presents various challenges. Small businesses must continuously adapt to new trends, algorithms and platforms, which can be resource incentive. Additionally, the risk of misinformation and the spread of false information can pose significant threats. Small businesses must be vigilant in maintaining their online reputation, promptly addressing any issues or negative feedback. A proactive approach by leveraging the opportunities and mitigating the challenges, small businesses can harness the full potential of social media to drive success and sustainability in today’s digital age. Overall, while social media offers unparalleled opportunities for growth and engagement, it requires a strategic and wellmanaged approach to navigate its complexities and maximize its benefits for small businesses. Research Question: "How do small businesses leverage social media platforms to enhance customer engagement and drive sales, and what are the key challenges they face in sustaining this digital presence?" This question seeks to explore the dual facets of social media’s impact – its potential to significantly boost customer interaction and revenue, the hurdles that small businesses must overcome to maintain an effective and engaging social media strategy. Through this paper, the research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of dynamic relationship between small businesses and social media, offering valuable insights for business owners and marketers alike

Pengembangan Kamus Mini untuk Membantu Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab Kelas VIII di SMP Datok Sulaiman Palopo

This research aims to determine the development process, level of validity and level of practicality of small Arabic dictionary media which can be used to support the Arabic language learning process, especially in vocabulary learning. The development of this small Arabic dictionary media is adapted to the learning curriculum and teaching materials for class VIII Junior High Schools. This type of research is research and development (R&D) by adapting the 4D development model which consists of four stages, namely definition, design, development and dissemination. The subjects used in this research were 18 class VIII students at Datok Sulaiman Junior High School. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, validation sheets, practicality test sheets and student response questionnaires. The result of this development research is a small Arabic dictionary for class VIII students. The product validation test results show that: 1) the material expert validation assessment obtained a score of 96.36%; 2) media expert validation assessment obtained a score of 86.66%; 3) and the practicality test carried out by learning experts obtained a score of 80%. Based on the results of product trials by three experts, it shows that the small Arabic dictionary learning media is very valid and practical to be applied in Arabic language learning.

No IT Background? No Problem: Develop Your HRM Application Using Google Workspace

An organization can boost its human resource management performance by implementing digital technology. While such notion is widely acceptable, in practice, not all organizations can afford the technology. For small medium enterprises, digital technology for HRM can be costly. Neither having their own IT team nor outsourcing the project to a third party is within the budget for most SMEs. If there was any budget for digital technology, most SMEs would prefer the technology that can lower production costs and increase revenue. The author seeks a way to empower SMEs’ HR people, who usually have no IT background, with Application Development Capability, thus increasing their productivity. This situation raises 2 questions: 1) Is there any possibility of developing a digital application for employees without IT background? 2) If such a thing is possible, will the non-IT HR employees be able to learn the method and implement it in their daily activities? The literature discusses how to empower people without IT background with application development capability being still scarce. This study reveals that free Google Workspace applications can be used to create a tailor-made application. When people fill in the google form and click the Submit button, the data can be automatically processed to meet our purpose and in a couple of minutes, if not faster, the report is automatically sent to the designated email address. The second finding makes it clear that, following this method, the non-IT HR employees are able to develop HR applications on their own.

Market and entrepreneurial orientations model to increase product innovation of culinary micro small medium enterprises in Indonesia

The objective of the article is to examine how market orientation and entrepreneurial orientation within an organization might bolster product innovation capabilities. By exploring these connections, the research aims to present a more comprehensive understanding of the research model and bridge existing limitations. This study employed a quantitative associative with a proportional-clustered-random-sampling technique. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey involving 400 respondents representing micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and used structural equation modeling (SEM) to test hypotheses. The results indicated a significant impact of market and entrepreneurial orientations on product innovation with market orientation having a more dominant effect on product innovation than entrepreneurial orientation. A strong market orientation shows business players can absorb market knowledge for product innovation. Thus, MSME owners must swiftly digest this market information to plan future product developments, especially since some product types change rapidly during the product life cycle. The findings also show that the entrepreneurial approach has a poorer influence on product creation in MSMEs due to the necessity for competencies and risk-taking that the organization lacks. The Ministry of Cooperatives and MSME can use this input to design targeted programs to help MSME owners and creativity and invention to make distinctive things while being highly impacted by market demands. With its findings, the study augments our understanding of the product innovation position in Indonesian MSMEs and, illuminates MSMEs owners' next steps to sustain the competitiveness and operationalization of their businesses.

Resilience in tourism-based SMEs driven by initiatives and strategies through share value relational capital viewed from a resource-based theory perspective

This study aims to build a conceptual model based on the role of share value relational capital, frugal innovation and ambidexterity as an effort to link the increase in the resilience of SMEs (small medium enterprises). By using a quantitative research design, a structural study methodology was adopted in this study. Overall, data from 132 tourism SMEs was collected using a questionnaire and 568 data from respondents that can be used for further analysis. The analysis uses logistic regression with dichotomous response and predictor variables on structured tables of count data, representing firm performance as a result of capital resources, physical resources and possibly innovation. To test share value relational capital, frugal innovation and ambidextirity which is outlined in the research model and the hypotheses, the authors used the structural modelling software Analysis of Moment Structure, Structural of Equation Model (AMOS SEM) to analyse 568 usable questionnaires. The results show the acceptance of all hypotheses proposed in this study, as well as the role of share value relational capital, frugal innovation and ambidextirity variables can be a bridge to leverage the resilience of SMEs. The findings in this research area show that there are three pathway strategies for increasing resilience SMEs. Share value relational capital, frugal innovation and ambidexterity are the basis of separate contributions to increase the resilience of SMEs There are several practical implications for SMEs managers who want to increase their resilience. The originality in this research is the role of share value relational capital, frugal innovation and ambidexterity in being able to bridge the influence between digital business transformation and resilience SMEs.

Microscopic Mechanisms and Evolution Models of Crack Development in an Expansive Soil under Conditions of Rainfall Evaporation Cycles

Expansive soil is a special soil type that undergoes volume expansion during hygroscopicity and volume contraction during dehumidification. In this study, the effects of rainfall–evaporation cycles on the microscopic pores and cracks of expansive soils under different rainfall intensities were analyzed by simulating light rainfall, medium rainfall, and high-temperature drought environments using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology and image processing methods. The results showed that the micropores and small medium pores of the expanded soil gradually evolved into macropores during the cycling process, especially under stronger rainfall conditions. In addition, as the number of cycles increased, the expanded soil showed irrecoverable pore changes, which ultimately led to the scattering damage of the soil. By processing the surface crack images of expansive soils, the process of crack development was categorized into four stages, and it was found that the evaporation cycle of medium rainfall intensity caused the main cracks of expansive soils to develop more rapidly. A quantitative relationship model between the average crack width and the number of cycles as well as porosity was constructed, and the regression coefficient of determination R2 reached 0.98, 0.96, and 0.84, respectively. This study simulates the effects of real rainfall conditions on expansive soils and investigates the mechanism and evolution of cracks in expansive soils, which is of great theoretical and practical significance.

An Investigation into the Impact of Interest Rate Fluctuations by Financial Lending Institutions on Small and Medium Enterprises’ (SMEs’) Loan Repayment among Selected Lusaka-Based Firms

This study purposed to investigate the impact of interest rate fluctuations by financial lending institutions on small medium enterprises’ (SMEs’) loan repayment Among selected Lusaka based SMEs. The issue of high interest rates charged by financial institutions is a significant concern for SMEs in Zambia. The study was guided by three research objectives; to examine the challenges SMEs face in repaying financial credit gotten from financial lending institutions; to find out the effect of interest rate fluctuations on loan repayment among SMEs operating in Lusaka City and to propose a policy framework amenable for stable and affordable interest rate by financial lending institutions operating in Lusaka City. The target population for this research was one hundred (100) SMEs registered and operating in Chilenje market in Lusaka city. This study employed a descriptive design and a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection to leverage the strengths of both methodologies. The research population was well-defined and complete for simple random and purposive sampling methods. The research paradigm was rooted in pragmatism, focusing on empirical data to explore the relationship between interest rate fluctuations and SME loan repayment behavior in Lusaka, using a sample size of 53 SMEs from Chilenje market. Data collection involved administering questionnaires with both open and closed-ended questions and interview schedules. This research study successfully established the effect of interest rate fluctuations on loan acquisitions among SMEs operating in Lusaka city. It demonstrated that SMEs are sensitive to changes in interest rates, with the majority indicating that their decision on loan acquisitions is affected by fluctuating interest rates. This underscores the importance of interest rate stability for SMEs in making informed borrowing decisions and managing financial risks. The study advocates for a framework which promotes transparency and market efficiency, implementing regulatory measures to mitigate risk and encourage competition, and facilitating access to credit information and alternative financing options. By comparing these findings with existing research, the study underscores the complex nature of SME loan repayment behaviors in response to interest rate fluctuations and emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts among policymakers, financial institutions, and SME stakeholders to address challenges and promote sustainable growth within the SME sector.

Exploring Innovative Thinking Skills Among SME Owners in South Africa: Implications for Business Longevity

Aims: According to the SME South Africa study conducted in 2018, the survival rate of South African Small medium enterprises (SME) is low. The country’s policymakers have become increasingly aware of the need to support the cultivation and growth of resilient, innovative and agile entrepreneurs as can be seen in the National Integrated Small Enterprise Development (NISED) Masterplan. In addition, employees in innovative organizations are more likely to share knowledge to contribute to the improvement of organizational performance, as such environments require high levels of innovative activity. Therefore, the study aimed to assess the level of innovative thinking skills among SME owners in South Africa's construction and manufacturing industries and explore its impact on SME longevity. Study Design: The study employed a descriptive quantitative design, focusing on 204 SME owners from the construction and manufacturing industries in South Africa, selected via quota sampling. Data was collected through an anonymous online questionnaire, which assessed the participants' levels of innovative thinking. The analysis, conducted using Python software, aimed to determine the prevalence of these skills and their implications for the longevity of SMEs. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in South Africa, focusing on the construction and manufacturing industries. The data collection and analysis took place over a period of two years June 2020 and July 2022. Methodology: The study employed a descriptive quantitative approach, using quota sampling to select 204 SME owners from the construction and manufacturing industries in South Africa. Data was gathered through an anonymous online questionnaire and analyzed using Python software to assess innovative thinking levels. Python was selected for descriptive statistics due to its robust and mature libraries like Pandas and NumPy, which facilitate efficient data manipulation and analysis. It ensures consistency and reproducibility in research workflows. Results: The results indicated that SME owners in both the construction and manufacturing sectors exhibited moderate levels of innovative thinking. This suggests that while innovative thinking is present, there is potential for further development to enhance SMEs' competitive edge and long-term viability. Conclusion: The study concludes that while SME owners in South Africa demonstrate moderate levels of innovative thinking, there is significant room for improvement. Enhancing these skills could play a crucial role in boosting the competitive advantage and sustainability of SMEs. It is recommended that SME owners integrate innovative thinking more deeply into their management practices to effectively navigate complex challenges.

Overcoming engagement shortfalls and financial constraints in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES) social media advertising through cost-effective Instagram strategies in Lagos and New York City

This research explores the challenges faced by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in leveraging social media advertising, with a focus on engagement shortfalls and financial constraints. The study compares the strategies employed by SMEs in Lagos, Nigeria, and New York City, USA, to overcome these challenges, highlighting the impact of these strategies on business growth and customer loyalty. Through a cross-cultural analysis, this research identifies cost-effective practices that can enhance social media engagement and optimize advertising expenditures for SMEs in diverse economic environments. The findings reveal that while social media platforms offer significant opportunities for SMEs, success is often hindered by limited resources, inadequate content strategies, and the rapidly changing dynamics of social media platforms. This study provides actionable insights for SMEs seeking to maximize their social media presence, offering recommendations for improving engagement and overcoming financial barriers. Keywords: Social Media Advertising, Small and Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs), Engagement Shortfalls, Financial Constraints, Cross-Cultural Study, Lagos, Nigeria and New York City, USA, Cost-Effective Strategies.

A Systematic Review of Interventions to Promote Cervical Cancer Screening among Immigrant Vietnamese Women.

Vietnamese women have a higher incidence rate of cervical cancer and are less likely to have ever been screened for cervical cancer than their White counterparts in the US. This review synthesizes findings from published interventions to promote cervical cancer screening in this vulnerable population. Articles were identified through a systematic search of PsycInfo, Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials in October 2022. Articles were included if they were published in a peer-reviewed journal, written in English, included one or more interventions promoting cervical cancer screening, assessed at least one outcome relevant to screening, and included a sample of ≥ 70% Vietnamese participants. Quality assessment scores were computed using the Downs and Black Checklist. Fifteen articles met review inclusion criteria. Studies were, on average, of good quality. Most studies were conducted in the US (n = 12), used a quasi-experimental design (n = 9), and employed multiple intervention strategies (n = 12). Intervention strategies included educational sessions, lay health worker (LHW) outreach, small media, mass media, patient navigation, and community or healthcare-based strategies. The most common study outcomes were screening intention and receipt. All but two studies reported improved cervical cancer screening outcomes following intervention. Findings support the effectiveness of multicomponent culturally tailored interventions to improve cervical cancer screening outcomes in immigrant Vietnamese women. Further research is needed to determine whether these interventions will be as successful in non-US countries and to address broader community- and healthcare-based factors in screening.

Impact of NPSR1 gene variation on the neural correlates of phasic and sustained fear in spider phobia-an imaging genetics and independent replication approach.

The functional neuropeptide S receptor 1 (NPSR1) gene A/T variant (rs324981) is associated with fear processing. We investigated the impact of NPSR1 genotype on fear processing and on symptom reduction following treatment in individuals with spider phobia. A replication approach was applied [discovery sample: Münster (MS) nMS = 104; replication sample Würzburg (WZ) nWZ = 81]. Participants were genotyped for NPSR1 rs324981 [T-allele carriers (risk) versus AA homozygotes (no-risk)]. A sustained and phasic fear paradigm was applied during functional magnetic resonance imaging. A one-session virtual reality exposure treatment was conducted. Change of symptom severity from pre to post treatment and within session fear reduction were assessed. T-allele carriers in the discovery sample displayed lower anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activation compared to AA homozygotes independent of condition. For sustained fear, this effect was replicated within a small cluster and medium effect size. No association with symptom reduction was found. Within-session fear reduction was negatively associated with ACC activation in T-allele carriers in the discovery sample. NPSR1 rs324981 genotype might be associated with fear processing in the ACC in spider phobia. Interpretation as potential risk-increasing function of the NPSR1 rs324981 T-allele via impaired top-down control of limbic structures remains speculative. Potential association with symptom reduction warrants further research.

Marketing Communication Strategies of Tourism in @Oasis Sukabumi Increasing Tourist Visits

Marketing communication strategy is one of the factors that greatly influences the number of visitors at a tourist attraction because it is a design for how to influence the public in various ways so that people know, are then interested in visiting and even revisiting for tourists who have already visited. This research aims to find out and find the formulation of an oasis tourism marketing strategy in Sukabumi Regency. The research method uses case studies. The results of the research show that the marketing and public relations division of Oasis Nature Tourism in conducting tourism marketing uses integrated tourism marketing communications (marketing communication mix), but several aspects such as promotion, human resources, development of small and medium business units and media relations are still weak, so they need to be strengthened. and further guidance accompanied by evaluation and monitoring regarding these aspects. One thing that needs to be developed in the long term is to try to form the branding of tourist destinations to further increase the attractiveness of tourist visits.

Entrepreneurial Behaviour in Choosing Capital Alternatives in MSMEs and Investment Trends in Indonesia

This study explores entrepreneurial behaviors that influence the decisions of SME owners in choosing financing alternatives and investment trends in Indonesia. Through quantitative study using questionnaire, this aiming to provide insights into the factors influencing the selection of financing sources and investment tendencies among SMEs. The findings reveal that entrepreneurial behaviors such as risk tolerance, financial knowledge, long-term vision, and adaptability significantly influence the decisions of SME owners in selecting funding sources. Additionally, investment trends in Indonesia also play a crucial role, with SMEs tending to choose financing alternatives that align with their business growth needs. This research contributes significantly to understanding how entrepreneurial behaviors interact with external factors such as investment trends in the context of SMEs in Indonesia. The practical implication highlighting importance of a better understanding of the dynamics of financing decisions among SMEs and how governments and relevant institutions can support SME growth through a better understanding of financial needs and preferences to a small—medium sized business owners. The condition where workers shift from agriculture to industry often occurs with the advent of industrialization.