Small Form-factor Pluggable Transceivers Research Articles

Evanescent fiber optic sensors using single mode fiber optics to measure acidity

This research aims to develop fiber optic sensors that can be used to measure acid rain levels. This fiber optic sensor uses the evanescent wave type method. SFP (Small Form-factor Pluggable) Transceiver with a wavelength of 1310nm is used as a fiber optic transmitter and receiver, while the Optical Power Meter (OPM) is used as a validator to test the developed sensor capability. The measurement results indicate the presence of loses successfully detected by OPM and SFP Transceiver. It appears that the maximum value of pH level has been successfully detected with a range of values of 8.72 dBm to 9.75 dBm and 8.7 dBm to 9.74 dBm respectively using SFP Transceiver and OPM. Good results during the validation process show that the fiber optic sensor has successfully worked with a strong correlation of 0.78 to monitor acid rain levels.

Full C-Band Tunable V-Cavity-Laser based TOSA and SFP Transceiver Modules

<span lang="EN-US">We report the latest development in tunable transmitter optical sub-assembly (TOSA) and small form-factor pluggable (SFP) transceivers based on simple and compact V-cavity laser (VCL), aiming for low-cost deployment in metro, access and data center networks. The VCL employs a half-wave coupler to achieve high side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) and the Vernier effect to achieve a wide wavelength tuning range. Full C-band tuning from 1529.55-nm to 1566.31-nm with SMSR above 36 dB is demonstrated. Since the laser does not involve any grating or epitaxial regrowth, and has a simple tuning algorithm, it allows simpler processes for fabrication and testing as compared to other widely tunable laser structures. Compact TOSAs and SFP transceiver modules have been developed for full C-band tuning with up to 93 channels at 50 GHz spacing. Transmission experiments are carried out for direct modulation with data rates from 2.5 Gbps to 8.5 Gbps. The results of reliability tests of the modules are also presented.</span>

Full C-Band Tunable V-Cavity-Laser Based TOSA and SFP Transceiver Modules

We report the latest development in tunable transmitter optical sub-assembly (TOSA) and small form-factor pluggable (SFP) transceivers based on simple and compact V-cavity laser (VCL), aiming for low-cost deployment in metro, access, and data center networks. The VCL employs a half-wave coupler to achieve high side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR) and the Vernier effect to achieve a wide wavelength tuning range. Full C-band tuning from 1529.55- to 1566.31-nm with SMSR above 36 dB is demonstrated. Since the laser does not involve any grating or epitaxial regrowth, and has a simple tuning algorithm, it allows simpler processes for fabrication and testing as compared with other widely tunable laser structures. Compact TOSAs and SFP transceiver modules have been developed for full C-band tuning with up to 93 channels at 50 GHz spacing. Transmission experiments are carried out for direct modulation with data rates from 2.5 to 8.5 Gbps. The results of reliability tests of the modules are also presented.

Extremely Compact Coaxial DFB-LD Modules for 2.5 Gb/s DWDM Metro Application

The world's smallest distributed-feedback laser modules using the miniature thermoelectric cooler (TEC) has been developed. By the virtue of reducing the heat load of the built-in TEC, the module has been successfully downsized to $\phi 5.6\times 12.7~{\rm mm}$ . The module operated with a power consumption of less than 238 mW, which is one-eighth compared with that of the conventional butterfly-package module, over the temperature range from ${-}{\rm 10}^{\circ}{\rm C}$ to 75 $^{\circ}{\rm C}$ . This module can be installed into the small form-factor pluggable transceivers for the dense wavelength division multiplexing network.