Small Amounts Of Lead Research Articles

The effect of high-pressure cutting fluid supply on the chip breakability of lead-free brass alloys

To improve machinability and in particular chip breakability, brass alloys are usually alloyed with small quantities of lead. Due to environmental and health concerns, the use of lead has been restricted in the last years. As lead-free brass alloys are progressively implemented in the industry, challenges arise due to their differing properties from traditional leaded brass alloys. One of the main challenges in automated continuous cutting processes is the worse chip breakability of lead-free brass alloys leading to longer and tangled chips. Hence, the impact of a high-pressure cutting fluid supply, as well as the impact of a chip-breaking geometry and the combined effect of both, has been investigated at different feeds. The three brass alloys CuZn37 (CW508L), CuZn38As (CW511L), and CuZn42 (CW510L) were studied at varying cutting fluid supply pressure levels and feed rates in a radial cutting operation. Cutting forces were measured, and chips were analyzed. No overall systematic impact of the cutting fluid supply pressure on the cutting forces was observed. In conclusion, increased pressure levels, a chip-breaking geometry, and an increased feed rate enhance the chip breakability of the investigated alloys.

The preparation of lead oxide / carbon nanotubes complex and its catalytic performance

The introduction of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in the preparation of nano-lead oxide (PbO) can effectively solve the problem of easy agglomeration of nano-lead oxide. This study used concentrated nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid mixed acid (volume ratio 1:3) to oxidize carbon nanotubes at 90 °C temperature for 0.5 h. Using and the oxidized CNTs as carriers, Pb(OAc)2 · 3H2O as precursor, concentrated ammonia as a precipitator, PbO/CNTs complexes were prepared by chemical precipitation. Lead content of PbO/CNTs complex, determined by Complexometry, was 59.80 %(wt%), XRD and XPS characterizations revealed that the catalyst components of the prepared complex were mainly nano-sized PbO, And a small amount of lead, SEM and EDX characterization revealed PbO with the particle size between 20 m-200 nm had been successfully Loaded onto the CNTs surface, TEM show that the PbO and CNTS retained the original lattice, a spot of lead oxide was found inside the tubes. The thermal decomposition effect of PbO/CNTs on AP, RDX, HMX was evaluated by DSC, and the catalytic effect on AP and RDX was found to be obvious.

Strategic Monitoring of Groundwater Quality Around Olusosun Landfill in Lagos State for Pollution Reduction and Environmental Sustainability

As urbanization and population increase in the megacity, there is a need for engineering intervention and strategic monitoring of groundwater around landfills for environmental sustainability, pollution reduction and public health. This study evaluated water’s physical and chemical parameters in wells and boreholes near the Olusosun landfill in Lagos State to determine how they impact groundwater quality. An Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) was used to evaluate groundwater samples obtained from five locations within the dump site. Some water parameters, such as dissolved oxygen (DO), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), and magnesium (Mg), had concentrations that were higher than the WHO, NESREA, and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) standard limits in some sampling sites, with mean concentrations of 0.33 mg.L-1, 0.04 mg.L-1, 0.74 mg.L-1, and 0.74 mg.L-1, respectively. A small amount of lead was identified in the groundwater of the study area. A major source of air and groundwater pollution, the Olusosun landfill has a detrimental impact on the health of those who live there. Solid waste, groundwater interactions, and contaminated migration into the nearby neighbourhood were studied. It was observed that the degradation of waste products in dump sites releases harmful leachate into the groundwater. Even though some heavy metal concentrations in the study area are still within WHO, NESREA, and NSDWQ standard limits, investigations and further monitoring should be conducted regularly to assess the concentrations of heavy metals in groundwater.

Segregation of Lead on High Purity Aluminum Foil for Electrolytic Capacitors

The capacitance of aluminum foil used in electrolytic capacitors is determined by their surface area after etching. Many studies have assessed pit growth using high-purity aluminum foil during DC etching in hot hydrochloric acid solutions with respect to impurity effects. High-purity aluminum foil used for electrolytic capacitors containing small amounts of lead is known to exhibit severe rolling line effects after electrochemical etching. Apparently, the lead atoms distributed on the aluminum foil surface after annealing provide nucleation sites of pitting attacks during DC etching. For this study, lead segregation on aluminum foil surfaces containing 0.6 ppm, 5 ppm and 8.2 ppm Pb annealed at 813 K for 5 h was investigated using ultra-high resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy（FE-SEM）with selective detection of high-angle backscattered electrons （BSE） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. High-angle BSE images revealed the presence of Pb as brighter nanoparticles with size on the order of 10 nm at the surface oxidation layer along the rolling lines caused by pick up inclusion during hot rolling. The approximately 0.5-μm-thick surface oxidation layer microstructure resembled that of grain refined surface layer （GRSL） of alloy 8006 characterized by ultra-fine grains of nano-level size. Pitting attacks first occur at the oxidation layer because of the less noble potential for tunnel dissolution during initial DC etching.

Features of Brass Processing with Powerful Ultraviolet Lasers of Nanosecond Duration

We investigated the process of laser heat treatment of polished brass samples (36% zinc, containing a small amount of lead, which does not dissolve in the alloy and is in the form of inclusions, having micron and submicron size) by impacting to a series of 25 - 30 ultraviolet (UV) pulses of a Nd:YAG laser (third harmonic, wavelength λ = 355 nm, duration τ = 10 ns, pulse repetition rate f = 10 Hz, pulse energy density ~ 0.15 - 1.0 J/cm2) in the stationary spot mode. Copper and its alloys absorb up to 90% of the energy of this laser. It is found that the relaxation of the absorbed energy of laser radiation in the metal occurs nonuniformly. Defects in the metal structure such as grain boundaries and lead inclusions are visualized. Traces of crystallographic sliding appear inside some grains. With an increase in the number of impacting impulses, accumulation of damage is observed. A further increase in the radiation energy density leads to an aggravation of the observed phenomena.

Manage the environmental risks of perovskites

Manage the environmental risks of perovskites

Update of the Blood Lead Reference Value - United States, 2021.

The negative impact of lead exposure on young children and those who become pregnant is well documented but is not well known by those at highest risk from this hazard. Scientific evidence suggests that there is no known safe blood lead level (BLL), because even small amounts of lead can be harmful to a child's developing brain (1). In 2012, CDC introduced the population-based blood lead reference value (BLRV) to identify children exposed to more lead than most other children in the United States. The BLRV should be used as a guide to 1) help determine whether medical or environmental follow-up actions should be initiated for an individual child and 2) prioritize communities with the most need for primary prevention of exposure and evaluate the effectiveness of prevention efforts. The BLRV is based on the 97.5th percentile of the blood lead distribution in U.S. children aged 1-5 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. NHANES is a complex, multistage survey designed to provide a nationally representative assessment of health and nutritional status of the noninstitutionalized civilian adult and child populations in the United States (2). The initial BLRV of 5 μg/dL, established in 2012, was based on data from the 2007-2008 and 2009-2010 NHANES cycles. Consistent with recommendations from a former advisory committee, this report updates CDC's BLRV in children to 3.5 μg/dL using NHANES data derived from the 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 cycles and provides helpful information to support adoption by state and local health departments, health care providers (HCPs), clinical laboratories, and others and serves as an opportunity to advance health equity and environmental justice related to preventable lead exposure. CDC recommends that public health and clinical professionals focus screening efforts on populations at high risk based on age of housing and sociodemographic risk factors. Public health and clinical professionals should collaborate to develop screening plans responsive to local conditions using local data. In the absence of such plans, universal BLL testing is recommended. In addition, jurisdictions should follow the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services requirement that all Medicaid-enrolled children be tested at ages 12 and 24 months or at age 24-72 months if they have not previously been screened (3).

Blood Lead Levels and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Results from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

(1) Objective: Lead, a heavy metal that exists commonly in air, soil and crops may cause chronic disease in the cardiovascular system. The purpose of this study is to investigate how blood lead levels affect cardiovascular disease in adults. (2) Study Design and Participants: It is a cross-sectional, descriptive study using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Data from a total of 1929 participants, derived from the KNHANES, conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2017, were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. (3) Measurement: The cardiovascular disease risk was calculated using the Framingham risk score. There was a strong positive correlation between blood lead levels and the Framingham risk score. Furthermore, of the FRS sub-criteria, systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol level and total cholesterol level all also showed a significant correlation. (4) Results: We analyzed the correlation between PbB levels and the FRS sub-criteria, including systolic blood pressure, HDL cholesterol level, total cholesterol level and the FRS total. We found a significant positive correlation between PbB levels and systolic blood pressure, FRS total and total cholesterol level (p < 0.05), as well as a significant negative correlation with HDL cholesterol level (p < 0.05). (5) Conclusion: Based on the perception that there is no lower toxicological threshold for blood lead, it is necessary to restrict lead in product manufacturing for the purpose of public health. In addition, it is necessary to be aware of the dangers of exposure to even small amounts of lead in daily life.

Moroccan Monofloral Bee Pollen: Botanical Origin, Physicochemical Characterization, and Antioxidant Activities

In this study, eight monofloral bee pollen samples were collected from different apiaries in Morocco. Botanical origins of the bee pollen samples were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the physicochemical parameters (pH, moisture, ash, and the mineral contents) were determined. Total phenolic, flavones/flavonols contents were evaluated, and the antioxidant potential was assessed using total antioxidant capacity, DPPH, ABTS, and reducing power assays. Data showed that pH, moisture, and ash content values ranged between 4.19 ± 0.17 and 4.82 ± 0.36, 10.7 ± 0.04% and 26.8 ± 0.01%, and 1.81 ± 0.10% and 4.22 ± 0.08%, respectively. Potassium and magnesium were the most abundant minerals in bee pollen samples; heavy metals were not detected except for two samples (P5 and P6) where a very small amount of lead was found. The protein content in these samples varied between 19.86 ± 0.36 mg/100 g and 30.32 ± 0.12 mg/100 g of bee pollen. The phenolic content, flavones/flavonols content, and total antioxidant capacity were 21.87 ± 1.80 mgEAA/g, 2.37 ± 0.16 mgEAA/g, and 6.23 ± 0.21 mgEAA/g, respectively. High scavenging activity of DPPH and ABTS radicals was found in P2 with the lower IC50 of 0.245 ± 0.009 mg/ml and 0.19 ± 0.005 mg/ml, respectively. The lower EC50 was 0.133 ± 0.036 mg/ml found in P1 for the reducing power test. The current study is considered to be the first step to the standardization of Moroccan bee pollen.

Histria – Acropolă Centru-Sud. Date asupra artefactelor din materii dure animale (I) / Histria – Acropolis Centre-South. Data on bone and antler artefacts (I)

The analysis of the artefacts from osseous raw materials discoveret in Histria – Acropolis Centre‐ South Sector is integrated in the series of extensive scientific valorisation of the artefacts from osseous raw materials recovered from archaeological sites located in Dobrudja – see the bibliography. Consequently, the common and significant presence of this kind of artefacts is documented in terms of quantities, types and data obtained from the inventory of the archaeological structures dated to the Roman and Roman‐ Byzantine periods in Histria – Acropolis Centre‐ South Sector. Their systematic recovery and study will continue to be a goal for the research team of this sector as part of the broader scientific objectives of the on‐ going project. The article offers the extensive primary research data of the assemblage obtained following the 2013– 2016 archaeological campaigns, comprising 31 pieces. The typological categories are quite various : tools, adornments, accessories, hafts, raw materials and debris. The local procurement of osseous raw materials (bone, deer antler, wild boar tusks) is taken into account. The artefacts have been made probably within mixt workshops (metal, wood, bone etc.), where various tools, accessories from different raw materials etc. have been produced. The technical solutions of manufacture have been defined using microscopic analysis. Artefacts are dated in the Roman and Roman‐ Byzantine periods (2nd– 6th century AD). Further chronological data cannot be formulated due to the disturbed context of last dwelling levels and standardised parameters of the artefacts. The piece HIS‐ ACS_ 15 (dated to the 6th century AD, Fig. 16) is a remarkable exception due to its ornamentation, which attests the use of dye that was exceptionally well preserved. Given the fact that the decoration of the bone item still preserves traces of black pigment, the team decided to conduct a compositional non‐ destructive analysis using a portable X‐ Ray Fluorescence spectrometer Innov‐ X Systems Alpha Series, with W anticathode tube, SiPIN diode, Peltier cooling effect. The analysis on Analytical mode was conducted on both the interior side (less finished, undecorated) and the exterior side (finely worked, decorated) in order to determine possible differences in the composition (Tables 6– 7, Graph 5). The analysis conducted on the upper (decorated) side indicates again the presence of iron and lead, but this time the latter in a very high amount (70.51% Pb). The presence of both lead and iron on the surface of the decorated object could be possibly explained in terms of the original use of two pigments of different origin, one based on iron (an iron oxide – ochre ?) and another on lead. These would have been either mixed to obtain a final desired colour or combined to obtain two different hues or nuances on the surface (for example, ground in one hue of red and the concentric circles in another). Another possible explanation is that the surface of the object was coloured in black using only a lead oxide, while the presence of iron indicates the prolonged contact of the bone object with an iron object. The fact that the amount of iron is much higher on the interior of the object, in combination with the presence of zinc and a small amount of lead, could serve as an argument in favour of the original use of the red deer item as a convex plaque for an iron object. Artefacts made of osseous raw materials which were studied on this occasion offer important typological and technological benchmarks for complex and extensive approach of civilisation and culture of the Histrian communities during Roman and Roman‐ Byzantine epoch.

Lead Gunshot Ingestion By A Peregrine Falcon

Summary. Lead ammunition represents a source of poisoning for raptors eating game. Although the Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus commonly preys on gamebirds, only a few cases of lead poisoning have been recorded, probably owing to the lack of specific investigations. We document an adult female found dead with many lead shot in the digestive tract, mixed with the remains of a feral Pigeon Columba livia domestica and a European Starling Sturnus vulgaris. Concentrations in heart blood clot, liver, kidney and bone suggest that lead poisoning was not the ultimate cause of death. However, lead levels in the blood clot suggest that a small amount of lead may have been absorbed from the shot. The two prey species involved cannot be hunted in Italy but they are intensively shot all year round to prevent damage to crops. —Andreotti, A., Fabbri, I., Menotta, S. & Borghesi, F. (2018). Lead gunshot ingestion by a Peregrine Falcon. Ardeola, 65: 53–58.

Experimental Research on High Performance Concrete Admixture of Tailing

The lead and zinc tailings are generated in this process lead and zinc flotation, solid mineral wastes from the concentrator tailings slurry discharged after the formation of natural dehydration, which contains a variety of heavy metals, lead and zinc since the end mine uneven distribution of complex components, which vary depending on the region and type of content has a great difference in the price component. Tailing Most oxides and cement needed for the production of raw materials is similar, and contain small amounts of lead, zinc and copper and other trace elements, these elements for firing cement clinker having fluxing action and mineralization effect, can effectively improve the raw material easy to burn, increase the strength of clinker. In recent years, a large number of technical personnel Tailing as mineral admixtures used in cement production carried out extensive research, it has achieved technological achievements and good social and economic benefits.

Counterfeit Electronics: Coming to a Store Near You: How bad is it, and what can be done?

On 1 July 2006, it became illegal in the European Union to sell electronics that contain more than a very small amount of lead, mercury, cadmium, and a few other hazardous chemicals. These Reduction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) regulations present a golden opportunity for electronics counterfeiters to relabel and repackage lead-containing electronics to look like they meet the RoHS requirements.

Band Gap and Diameter Modulation of Quantum Dots in Glasses

Modulation of the band gap energy and diameter of quantum dots (QDs) formed in glasses is important to achieve the optimized performance for applications as infrared light sources, lasers, saturable absorbers, etc. Absorption and photoluminescence of PbS QDs were extended into mid‐infrared wavelength range in glasses containing small amount of lead but oversaturated with sulfur. Dual‐band photoluminescence of PbSe QDs was prepared in oxyfluoride glass‐ceramics containing BaF2 nanocrystals. By introducing SnO in the glasses, alloyed Pb1‐xSnxSe QDs with smaller band gap energies were formed in glasses, and mid‐infrared photoluminescence of Pb1‐xSnxSe QDs at ~2570 nm in wavelength was achieved.

Formation and thermal stability of liquid phase in layered film systems

The results of studying the melting–crystallization phase transitions in multilayer films, which are the model for the systems “the particle embedded in the refractory matrix”, are presented. The value of supercooling during the fusible component crystallization in multilayer Cu–Bi–Cu and Cu–Pb–Cu films, of 120 and 80 K respectively is determined by using in situ techniques of electrical resistance and electron diffraction measurements. It has been determined that the size and shape of Bi inclusions affect the nature of the crystallization and the value of supercooling. Maximum supercooling takes place in case Bi in the sample is present in the form of isolated nanoparticles. It has been found that the thermal stability of the copper film depends on the substrate material on which the samples are formed and it is sharply reduced in the presence of even small amounts of lead.

Geochronology and fluid inclusion study of the Yinjiagou porphyry–skarn Mo–Cu–pyrite deposit in the East Qinling orogenic belt, China

The Yinjiagou Mo–Cu–pyrite deposit of Henan Province is located in the Huaxiong block on the southern margin of the North China craton. It differs from other Mo deposits in the East Qingling area because of its large pyrite resource and complex associated elements. The deposit’s mineralization process can be divided into skarn, sulfide, and supergene episodes with five stages, marking formation of magnetite in the skarn episode, quartz–molybdenite, quartz–calcite–pyrite–chalcopyrite–bornite–sphalerite, and calcite–galena–sphalerite in the sulfide episode, and chalcedony–limonite in the supergene episode. Re–Os and 40Ar–39Ar dating indicates that both the skarn-type and porphyry-type orebodies of the Yinjiagou deposit formed approximately 143Ma ago during the Early Cretaceous. Four types of fluid inclusions (FIs) have been distinguished in quartz phenocryst, various quartz veins, and calcite vein. Based on petrographic observations and microthermometric criteria the FIs include liquid-rich, gas-rich, H2O–CO2, and daughter mineral-bearing inclusions. The homogenization temperature of FIs in quartz phenocrysts of K-feldspar granite porphyry ranges from 341°C to >550°C, and the salinity is 0.4–44.0wt% NaCl eqv. The homogenization temperature of FIs in quartz–molybdenite veins is 382–416°C, and the salinity is 3.6–40.8wt% NaCl eqv. The homogenization temperature of FIs in quartz–calcite–pyrite–chalcopyrite–bornite–sphalerite ranges from 318°C to 436°C, and the salinity is 5.6–42.4wt% NaCl eqv. The homogenization temperature of FIs in quartz–molybdenite stockworks is in a range of 321–411°C, and the salinity is 6.3–16.4wt% NaCl eqv. The homogenization temperature of FIs in quartz–sericite–pyrite is in a range of 326–419°C, and the salinity is 4.7–49.4wt% NaCl eqv. The ore-forming fluids of the Yinjiagou deposit are mainly high-temperature, high-salinity fluids, generally with affinities to an H2O–NaCl–KCl±CO2 system. The δ18OH2O values of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids are 4.0–8.6‰, and the δDV-SMOW values are between −64‰ and −52‰, indicating that the ore-forming fluids were primarily magmatic. The δ34SV-CDT values of sulfides range between −0.2‰ and 6.3‰ with a mean of 1.6‰, sharing similar features with deeply sourced sulfur, implying that the sulfur mainly came from the lower crust composed of poorly differentiated igneous materials, but part of the heavy sulfur came from the Guandaokou Group dolostone. The 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and 208Pb/204Pb values of sulfides are in the range of 17.331–18.043, 15.444–15.575, and 37.783–38.236, respectively, which is generally consistent with the Pb isotopic signature of the Yinjiagou intrusion, suggesting that the Pb chiefly originated from the felsic–intermediate intrusive rocks in the mine area, with a small amount of lead from strata. The Yinjiagou deposit is a porphyry–skarn deposit formed during the Mesozoic transition of a tectonic regime that is EW-trending to NNE-trending, and the multiepisode boiling of ore-forming fluids was the primary mechanism for mineral deposition.

Ca10.5 − x Pb x (PO4)7 and Ca9.5 − x Pb x M(PO4)7 ferroelectrics with the whitlockite structure

We have prepared Ca9.5 − xPbxM(PO4)7 (M = Mg, Zn, Cd) and Ca10.5 − xPbx(PO4)7 solid solutions. A polar whitlockite-like (sp. gr. R3c) crystal structure exists in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.5 for all of the M cations in Ca9.5 − xPbxM(PO4)7 and in the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 2.5 for Ca10.5 − xPbx(PO4)7. X-ray powder diffraction profile analysis results for Ca8.5PbCd(PO4)7 powder demonstrate that the small divalent M cations reside predominantly on the octahedral site M5 of the whitlockite structure, the calcium cation occupy the M1–M3 sites, and the lead cations are located primarily on the M4 site. Differential scanning calorimetry, second-harmonic generation, and dielectric permittivity data indicate that all of the synthesized phosphates are high-temperature ferroelectrics. The highest Curie temperatures are offered by the x = 0.5 materials, in which most of the lead resides in the spacious oxygen polyhedra M4 and only a small amount of lead is incorporated into the smaller polyhedra around M1–M3. The nonlinear optical activity has a maximum in the middle of the solid-solution series and is an order of magnitude higher than that of the parent, lead-free phases.

Are Local Laws the Key to Ending Childhood Lead Poisoning?

Although lead paint was banned by federal law in 1978, it continues to poison children living in homes built before that time. The lifelong effects of childhood exposure to even small amounts of lead are well established by medical research. Federal and state laws have reduced rates of lead poisoning significantly in the past three decades. However, pockets of high rates of lead poisoning remain, primarily in low-income urban neighborhoods with older housing stock. Recently, several municipalities have passed local lead laws to reduce lead hazards in high-risk areas. There has been no systematic attempt to compare the design and effectiveness of these local policies. To address this gap, we conducted comparative case studies of eight innovative lead laws promulgated since 2000. The laws used a wide variety of legal structures and tools, although certain elements were common. The impact of the policies was intertwined with local housing, economic, and legal environments. While data do not yet exist to systematically evaluate the impact of these laws on lead poisoning rates, our analysis suggests that local laws hold great promise for reducing lead hazards in children's homes.

Implications of Sublethal Lead Exposure In Avian Scavengers

The high incidence of lead exposure being reported in avian scavengers is not surprising, considering the frequency with which lead ammunition residues occur in the remains of gun-killed animals. Population impacts likely are underestimated because of latency of effect, low probability of carcass discovery, and the difficulty of detecting the health manifestations of sublethal lead burdens. There are good reasons to expect that sublethal lead is harmful, especially in view of the considerable body of human health literature providing evidence of multiple adverse effects associated with very small amounts of lead, together with the implication that lead physiology is broadly similar among vertebrates. A detailed experimental study of growth and behavior involving dosing and controls in developing Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus), and reports of morphological and physiological responses in other species, offer insight into the implications of sublethal lead exposure on wild populations. Further studies of lead's sublethal effects on avian scavengers are therefore warranted and may benefit from advancements in bone-lead measurement and feather analysis, particularly where lead burdens can be benignly assessed among live birds in the field.

Recovery and immobilization of lead in cathode ray tube funnel glass by a combination of reductive and oxidative melting processes

AbstractReductive melting treatment has been reported to be an effective method to recover lead from funnel glass in used cathode ray tubes, but a small amount of lead, a potential contaminant, remains in the treated glass. This paper applied a combination process of reductive and oxidative melting to the funnel glass to recover and immobilize lead in the glass. The funnel glass was melted in a lab‐scale reactor changing the atmosphere, and the effects of the temperature and the Na2CO3 dosage on the efficiencies of the lead recovery and immobilization were investigated. In the reductive melting, the lead recovery was promoted by increasing the Na2CO3 dosage, however the lead extraction from the glass into water and hydrochloric acid was increased. Although the content of lead in the glass after the reductive melting was low, the lead extraction into water and the acid was larger than 0.01 mg‐Pb/L‐water and 150 mg‐Pb/kg‐glass, respectively (Japanese environmental criteria). The lead extraction was decreased by the oxidative melting with SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, and NaNO3. In the proposed method, metallic lead was recovered from the funnel glass with high lead recovery, and the lead remaining in the glass was immobilized to meet the Japanese environmental criteria.