Sludge Collectors Research Articles

ASSESSING THE PERFORMANCE OF A POND SLUDGE REMOVER SET AND SLUDGE COMPOSITION

Bangladesh, a leading fish-producing country, relies on fish as a primary protein source, but poor management has led to a decline in fish quality. Ammonia and low dissolved oxygen levels adversely affect fish production and taste. Leftover pellet feed accumulating at the pond bottom decomposes releasing ammonia and forming sludge, the primary source of water pollution. High fish density exacerbates sludge buildup, necessitating effective removal for pond water preservation. The study addresses the critical issue of sludge accumulation in fish ponds, contributing to elevated gas and ammonia levels. A sludge remover set was constructed in Kaharole Upazila, Dinajpur, utilizing local materials and an electric motor. Testing three sludge collectors with perforated holes of 10 mm, 15 mm, and 20 mm revealed that the 15 mm perforated pipe was the most cost-effective, with a collection rate of 1.85 kg of sludge-water mixture per 5L. The sludge composition, analyzed at the Soil Resources Development Institute (SRDI), Dinajpur, indicated valuable nutrients like nitrogen (0.179%), phosphorus (54.05 ppm), potassium (0.28 meq/100g), and micronutrients, potentially beneficial for plant growth and agricultural fertilizer. The findings emphasize the vital role of sludge remover sets in increasing fish production by effectively managing sludge accumulation.

MODIFICATION OF THE SLUDGE FROM SODA PRODUCTION

The problem of disposal of sludge from soda production is relevant in the Republic of Bashkortostan. Sludge from soda production are dumped into sludge collectors, which have a negative impact on the environment. There is a threat of contamination of groundwater with a highly mineralized still waste liquid. The increase of sludge in sludge reservoirs creates additional pressure and increases infiltration into groundwater. These processes are harmful for the ecological situation in the region.
 In this paper modification of soda sludge produced by organosilicon liquid, sodium liquid glass and stearic acid. Dependencies of change of oil capacity index on gasoline with respect to time were investigated. Analysis of results was carried out and optimal formulation of sorbent based on soda sludge for utilization of liquid phase of oil sludge was revealed.
 As a result of the studies of liquid glass as a hydrophobic compound it was found that small fractions of modified soda sludge repel water, creating a greasy sediment at the bottom, and granules, in turn, allow water to be absorbed and filtered without breaking their shape. To use modified soda sludge with liquid glass as a filter media in cassettes, granulation by extrusion is recommended. The resulting sorption materials based on the modification of soda sludge with sodium liquid glass can be recommended for use in facilities for the treatment of surface and waste water from heavy metal ions.

ACID HELIOMICROBIOLOGICAL METHOD FOR OIL CONTAMINATED SOILS IN WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN FIELDS

The article presents promising methods of cleaning oil-contaminated soils. Oil pollution causes serious damage to the environment. Under normal conditions, work on the purification of oil waste and oil-contaminated soils is not carried out due to the lack of equipment and efficient processing technology. It is emphasized the need to develop promising methods for cleaning oil-contaminated soils and the possibility of using oil-contaminated soils as an organic retaining material for fixing the soil layer in road construction, as well as building materials. According to laboratory studies, with a moisture content of 30%, oil sludge is transported in the form of brittle plates. At the same time, oil sludge does not gather dust, has thixotropic properties, passes more than 1-3% of moisture into the lower soil layer. Thus, dry oil sludge is convenient and safe for transportation and storage in warehouses. The humidity of dry oil sludge averages 15-20%. The composition of the dry sludge is mostly stable: petroleum products 15-25%; mechanical impurities 70-75%; water 5-8%. In recent years, a number of studies have been conducted to eliminate oil pollution to solve the problem of cleaning oil-contaminated soils. Various classifications of landfills and methods of waste disposal during the construction of landfills of oil production waste are described: sludge collectors. However, currently none of the methods of removing oil-contaminated soils is widely used, each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages. The ways of the microbiological method aimed at preventing or reducing pollution by oil and petroleum products trapped in the soil layer are shown. The object of research in the article is the Zhanazholskoye field, one of the West Kazakhstan fields, and the situation of applying the new technology to the heliomicrobiological method of acidification of oil-contaminated soils is presented.

Analysis of the influence of technogenic facilities of the Lysychansk-Rubizhne industrial hub on the ecological state of the natural environment

Formulation of the problem. The paper is devoted to the study of the ecological state of the natural environment components in connection with the impact of technogenic facilities of the Lysychansk-Rubizhne industrial hub. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the technogenic impact of the Lysychansk-Rubizhne industrial hub on the natural environment components. Materials and methods. The natural environment components data including atmospheric air, soil, surface water, groundwater from the Regional Report on the natural environment state in Luhansk region were used and analyzed. The total pollution index was calculated to determine the level of soil contamination in the areas of biggest technogenic impact. The places furthest from the cities with powerful sources of the natural environment pollution are allocated. Mathematical processing of geochemical information was performed on separate samples. The containing of specific chemical elements in the soils of Lysychansk-Rubizhnе industrial hub is calculated. The obtained data were used to calculate the concentration coefficient. The level of chemical contamination of soils as an indicator of adverse effect on public health is determined by following indicators: 1) the chemical substance concentration coefficient (Kc), which is determined by the ratio of its actual containing in the soil (C) to the background containing (Cb); 2) the total pollution index (Zc), which is equal to the sum of the concentration coefficients of chemical elements. Results. As a result of the study, it was found that the territory of the Lysychansk-Rubizhne industrial hub is still under a huge technogenic impact, despite the closure of many enterprises. Abandoned settling tanks, sludge collectors, spoil tips, landfills of various industrial wastes and other are one of the main sources of the natural environment pollution today. The ecological state of the natural environment components (atmosphere, surface water, soil and groundwater) is described in the paper. Quite positive changes are observed only in the situation with atmospheric air. The tendency to reduce emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere is associated with the liquidation of industrial enterprises over the past 20 years. The state of other natural environment components remains unsatisfactory: surface water, soil and groundwater are contaminated with heavy metals, petroleum products, nitrates, nitrites, etc. (the nature of the pollutants depends on the nearby technogenic facilities). It is noted that these technogenic facilities lose their waterproofing over the years, so they are currently sources of pollutant migration to the natural environment. Scientific novelty and practical significance. An integral assessment of the Lysychansk-Rubizhne industrial hub impact on the natural environment components, which allowed us to talk about the different degree of technogenic impact and different influence factors, is the scientific novelty of the study. The different genesis of pollution in the given area is proved. It is established that there is an infiltration from the surface on the left bank and pollution of deep origin on the right bank. The long-term forecasts of changes in the ecological state of the Lysychansk-Rubizhne industrial hub territory are given as practical use of the obtained results. It is proposed to carry out continuous monitoring of the natural environment for a more detailed study of the environmental situation.

Processing red mud as a factor of removing the risk of environmental disasters: RUSAL experience

The paper considers the current problem of waste management of aluminum production in the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The negative consequences of the existence of sludge collectors of aluminum production for the natural environment and the population of the region are shown. The analysis of the consequences of environmental disasters, such as cancer in the population, chemical pollution of groundwater and surface water caused by leakage of hazardous substances, is presented. The experience of RUSAL, as well as international experience in the field of waste processing is presented.

THE STUDY OF PROPERTIES OF SODA PRODUCTION WASTES AS ANTI-ICING REAGENTS

The article considers the possibility of reducing the man-made load on surface and ground waters in Lysychansk-Severodonetsk industrial agglomeration caused by numerous sludge collectors and tailings storage facilities of various industries formed many decades ago. The paper provides information on the location and technical condition of the sludge collectors of the liquidated "LYSSODA" manufacture (Luhansk oblast), the amount of waste currently stored in them as well as the impact of these wastes on the quality of groundwater in the area where the sludge collectors are located. The work shows one of several possible options for using such wastes as a valuable secondary mineral raw material for obtaining a marketable product. The averaged data on the chemical composition of the solid phase of sludge and indicators of the liquid phase composition are given. According to the results of the analysis of scientific and technical information, it has been found that such wastes can ultimately be used for the production of anti-icing reagents. The obtained results of research on the dependence of the freezing point of working solutions on the concentration of salts, including the added corrosion inhibitors (triethanolamine, hexamethylenetetramine), indicate the feasibility of using soda ash production waste to obtain effective liquid anti-icing reagents without a mechanical component, while the optimal amount of added corrosion inhibitors is 0.5% wt. Such reagents can be used both undiluted at temperatures up to minus 20oC and strengthened to 15-20% wt. by calcium chloride at temperatures up to minus 40°C with consumption on highways at the level of about 100 g/m2 of the treated surface.

INFLUENCE OF STORAGE TIMES OF SLUDGE FROM THE FERROALLOY INDUSTRY ON THE PROPERTIES OF CEMENT-BASED MIXTURES

Purpose. The transition to environmentally friendly, waste-free technologies is a priority for most countries in the world. The metallurgical and construction industries make a significant contribution to the formation of large volumes of man-made waste. During the production of ferroalloys, waste is generated in the form of sludge, which is stored in sludge collectors. Sludge storage has been going on for over 25 years. In order to study the effect of the duration of storage of sludge on its properties in the compositions of dry building mixtures on a cement basis, a comparison was made of the efficiency of using sludge with different storage periods. The influence of sludge of various storage periods on the strength of dry construction is estimated. Methodology. The studies were carried out in accordance with the standard methods for determining the physical and mechanical properties of solutions from dry mixtures for the installation of self-leveling floors, specified in DSTU B V. 2.7-126: 2011 “Sludge awesome dry modified. General technical minds”. Sludge from wet gas cleaning of ferrosilicon production is stored in dumps where it is a mixture of lumps of various fractions 5…50 mm in size. To use sludge in the composition of dry building mixtures, it must be dried and crushed on a roller crusher and on a disintegrator. Findings. The best ratio of the "age" of the sludge and its percentage in the composition of the mixture was determined to increase the strength characteristics of the cement stone. Originality. The influence of the chemical nature of sludge from wet gas purifiers of ferrosilicon production on the hydration processes and strength of cement stone is analyzed. Practical value. The use of man-made waste in the formulations of dry building mixtures helps to simultaneously reduce the harmful effect on the environment of industrial enterprises and increase the mechanical and economic characteristics of cement mortars based on dry mixtures.

Comparative analysis of the theory of constrained sedimentation and compression of sediments

The object of research contains a comparison between the theories made by Kynch and professor E.F. Kurgaev. These theories are based on the fundamental hypothesis about the change in volume concentration during compression (settling). The features of both of them have been clarified to be applied to the study of sediments compression from stations of potable water preparation. The advantage of the theory of professor E.F. Kurgaev considers the term of sediments compression both in short term and long term perspective, meaning up to several years, which is especially important for the calculation of sludge collectors.

Features of sewage sludge dewatering process at the use offlocculant based on epichlorohydrinand dimethylamine

The paper presents the results of experimental studies on the use of new synthesized reagent based on epichlorohydrin(chloropropylene oxide) and dimethylamine at the mechanical sludge dewatering unit; the effect of the residual flocculant content on sludge dewatering process is determined. In particular, it was found that the use of the proposed reagent led to increase in the efficiency of settling industrial effluents at the primary settling unit up to 95%; it had a beneficial effect on further wastewater treatment at biological treatment facilities, which led to 1.5-fold decrease in the consumption of flocculant. The use of this reagent made it possible to achieve a high degree of dewatering of sewage sludge and reduce the moisture content of the formed cake from 98 to 73%. Consequently, this allowedto significantlydecrease the volume of sludge further placed in sludge collectors and to reduce the amount of land allotted for its disposal.

The Association between Hair Levels of Boron and Disease Incidence in the Population of a Boron Geochemical Province: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: A stable natural and technogenic boron geochemical province characterized by high environmental levels of boron has formed in the Aktobe Region of West Kazakhstan. The main local source of boron is sludge collectors of the boric acid production of the now destroyed chemical plant, built without impervious screens in the former old channels of the Ilek River, as well as in the river floodplain on alluvial quaternary sand and gravel deposits with high permeability. The objective of the study was to map hair levels of boron in residents of the Aktobe Region and to establish their relationship with disease incidence of the adult population. Materials and methods: The study included 340 permanent residents of the Aktobe Region, Republic of Kazakhstan, aged 18–60. Hair boron levels were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using a Nexion 300D spectrometer (PerkinElmer Inc., USA) coupled with an ESI SC-2 DX4 sampler (Elemental Scientific Inc., USA). Mapping was performed using the QGIS cross-platform geographic information system (QGIS 3.18). Results: The map of the boron status of the study participants visually demonstrated the uneven distribution of hair boron concentrations in the inhabitants of the region. Hair levels of boron were significantly higher in men than in women (p = 0.000). We established a strong direct correlation between hair levels of boron and the incidence of congenital anomalies and chromosomal abnormalities (r = 0.886, p = 0.019), diseases of the genitourinary system (r = 0.829, p = 0.042), respiratory diseases (r = 0.943, p = 0.005), diseases of the digestive system (r = 0.878, p = 0.021), diseases of the blood, hematopoietic organs and the immune system (r = 0.880, p = 0.017). Conclusion: The mapping of hair levels of boron in the residents of the Aktobe Region of West Kazakhstan gave a visual demonstration of the uneven distribution of environmental pollution with boron in the study area. The revealed relationships between boron concentrations in hair tissue and disease incidence in the boric geochemical province confirm the assumption that the ecological features of the environment can affect the health of the population, which requires further in-depth research.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ХРАНЕНИЯ, ПЕРЕРАБОТКИ И УТИЛИЗАЦИИ ОТХОДОВ БУРЕНИЯ НЕФТЕДОБЫВАЮЩЕЙ ОТРАСЛИ КАЗАХСТАНА. ОСОБЕННОСТИ УСТРОЙСТВА И ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИИ ШЛАМОНАКОПИТЕЛЕЙ И НЕФТЯНЫХ АМБАРОВ

A lot of drilling wastes with various content of oil products is formed annually during production of hydrocarbons in the result of accidents at the facilities of transportation and oil production, soil is polluted. So, main contaminants of the environment are drilling wastes such as drilling, drilling waste water, waste drilling fluid and places of their disposition - sludge pits. Total amount of the oil slurry annually formed at enterprises of the oil sector of Kazakhstan is about 100 thousand ton, and resources of these wastes are estimated in more than 40 mln. ton. The wastes are placed in special sludge pits equipped with watertight screen. However, in spite of the available modern technologies for arrangement of waterproof finish of the drilling waste disposal facilities, high level of soil pollution is still observed. As a rule, pollutions are related to violation of the requirements of the standards during construction and operation of sludge pits, products pipelines, tailing dumps, sludge collectors and temporary storages. Therefore it is necessary to build reliable storages for temporary placement of the formed wastes until their delivery for recovery or disposing, during operation of which there will be no migration of pollutants to the environment. It is suggested to use bentonitic mats as waterproof finish of such facilities - this is innovative by properties, multifunctional composite material, which is combination of textile materials with the layer of the natural self- recovering mineral component - bentonite.

Estimation of the Soil Toxicity in the Coastal Zone of the Kizan River in the Astrakhan Region in the Area of the Oil Sludge

In the Astrakhan Region (Russia) on the bank of the Kizan River, which is a tributary of the Volga River, there are two oil sludge collectors, called “Sokolov pits”. They were created in the early twentieth century and now they are a major threat to the ecosystem of the delta river Volga. In this regard, it is topical to conduct studies to assess their environmental safety. The content of petroleum products and the biotoxicity of the soil in the territory of oil sludge accumulators are investigated. The seeds’ germination of watercress (Lepidium sativum) of plants was analyzed. During the study period (2017-2019) the dynamics of phytotoxicity of soils taken from the surface of oil sludge accumulators “Sokolov pits” was of an oscillatory nature. At the same time, the large phytotoxicity of the soil was abolished in 2017. On the territory of oil sludge accumulators “Sokolov pits” the greatest toxicity is the soil from the edge of the oil fields facing the river bank, the smallest is the soil from the edge, far from the shore. Thus, it can be noted a slight positive effect of the reclamation activities, the negative impact on the soil is not eliminated.

Methods for calculating the balance during the period of draw-off, drainage of sludge collector cells and construction of secondary embankment dams

An industrial waste-phosphogypsum-is formed in the production of phosphorus mineral fertilizers. As is well-known, the issues of processing and utilization of phosphogypsum on an industrial scale remain unsolved. Consequently, production waste generated at chemical plants is stored in various types of storage tanks. The currently used hydraulic storage method provides for the supply of waste in the form of a slurry into the hydraulic dump cells, their sequential dehydration in the dump, and the subsequent development of a part of the stored waste for the construction of secondary dams. However, due to the low water-release properties of phosphogypsum, it is impossible to ensure its dehydration to the required degree, in large volumes, and the required period. Therefore, various designs of watertight diaphragms and drainage devices are provided in the sludge collector to accelerate the process of dehydration of the phosphogypsum strata. The balance of the sludge collector should be assessed in two periods: the initial period when the sludge collector cells are filled, bounded by the primary dam, and the subsequent period when the reservoir is built up by erecting secondary dams from the stored material. In the initial period, the operating mode of the sludge collector is divided into two stages: in the first stage, a pond is formed above the layer of sludge with a certain predetermined depth; in the second stage, this depth of water in the pond is kept constant by the spillways. The second build-up period is preceded by a period of cell preparation, namely: the draw-off of the pond and drainage of the cell to a moisture content suitable for the dam filling and normal operation of the mechanisms used in the construction of dams. This article presents the results of filtration studies in sludge collectors with an impermeable screen (made of polymer film, asphalt-polymer concrete, etc.) above the screen drainage system. The calculating methods for the determination of filtration parameters in the second period of operation are described: when the pulp supply stops, and a pond of clarified water with a depth of H0 is drawn off.

Filtration and operational parameters determination of phosphogypsum sludge storage

In phosphorus mineral fertilizer production, industrial waste is formed – phosphogypsum. As is well known, the issues of processing and utilization of phosphogypsum in an industrial scale remain unresolved. Consequently, the production waste generated at chemical plants is stored in various types of storage tanks. The currently used hydraulic storage method provides for the waste supply in the form of a slurry to the hydraulic dump plots one by one, their successive dehydration in the dump and the subsequent development of a part of the stored waste for the construction of the secondary dams. However, due to the low water-draining properties of phosphogypsum, it is not possible to ensure its dehydration to the required extent, in large volumes, and at the required time. This pattern is observed almost everywhere, especially in areas with high climate humidity. This circumstance significantly complicates the development of phosphogypsum in hydraulic dumps and in most cases leads to the impossibility of its implementation. Therefore, various designs of anti-filtration and drainage devices are provided in the sludge collectors to accelerate the process of dehydration of the phosphogypsum strata. This paper presents the results of a study of filtration processes in sludge collectors, and a method for calculating the filtration and dehydration of phosphogypsum at the initial stage of sludge collector operation with various designs of antifiltration and drainage devices.

АНАЛІЗ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ОКРЕМИХ СИСТЕМ ОХОРОНИ НАВКОЛИШНЬОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА НА ВУГЛЕВИДОБУВНИХ ТА ВУГЛЕПЕРЕРОБНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ УКРАЇНИ

The article describes the organizational regional structure of industrial waste management in modern Ukraine, which will improve the efficiency of industrial waste management systems and industrial energy facilities in Ukraine. The structure of industrial waste management at different system levels, from the national to the level of an industrial enterprise, is described. The data on the recommendations of the World Health Organization on the emissions of toxicants into the air and the data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine on the content of the main pollutant gases in air emissions from stationary sources of Ukraine from 1990 to 2018 are presented. The scheme of the negative impact on the environment of emissions of pollutants from stationary sources – production facilities of coal mining and coal processing is characterized. Comparative data on the indicators of the volumes of toxic waste generation at the enterprises of European countries and the heavy industry of Ukraine are given. It is shown that the main sources of the impact of coal processing enterprises and coal processing industries on all spheres of the environment are organized and unorganized dust and gas emissions, discharges of process wastewater and effluents from the surface and from the volumes of dumps and sludge collectors of coal processing plants. As a result of comprehensive research by the authors, a number of coal dumps of concentrating factories in Eastern Ukraine have been studied, migration routes and concentration of rare and heavy metal compounds in the soil near coal dumps have been investigated. Rather stringent standards for the content of hazardous substances in industrial waste require special methods for neutralizing coal sludge before final disposal and / or disposal.of the raw materials used to obtain humic acids. The corresponding equations are given. Keywords: coal sludge, coal preparation plants, coal dumps, sludge collectors, surface runoff, environmental pollution, emissions into the atmosphere, gaseous, liquid and solid toxicants. Corresponding author O.М. Kasimov, e-mail: nto@ukhin.org.ua

Technogenic systems of Pavlodar region

Technogenesis is a process of environmental transformation under the influence of various types of technical human activity. Technogenesis - this transformation of the earth's crust occurs during the extraction and processing of mineral resources, engineering and geological activities. One of the technogenically transformed areas is the Pavlodar region of Kazakhstan.
 This scientific article presents the main sources of technogenic impact in the Pavlodar region. The research gives a description of the two main technogenic systems. There have been determined the main chemical contaminants of the components of the natural environment. The authors have calculated using modern methods of GIS technologies, the area of sludge collectors. The article describes a promising method for solving such non-trivial problems as identifying the spatial distribution of ecological risk zones, or the spatial display of the concentration distribution of pollutants. The article gives a description of the main industrial facilities of the Pavlodar region, the number of emissions, and also characterizes the climatic factors of the study area.

Seismic resistance of sludge collector enclosing dams erected from the waste product – phosphogypsum

The results of experimental studies of the model behavior under seismic effect in a centrifugal testing installation are given in the paper. The goal was to study the deformability and stability of slopes of a given configuration made of phosphogypsum and to substantiate the possibility of using phosphogypsum in erecting enclosing dams of sludge collectors located in seismic regions. The experiments on models are based on the centrifugal modeling method, which involves the change in gravity field of the model. The models were tested at a stabilized and unstabilized state of phosphogypsum. Models stabilization was achieved by centrifugation for 8-25 min. The model was considered stabilized when its deformation did not exceed 0.01 mm. In a stabilized state, a fragment of the dam slope made of phosphogypsum in a water-saturated state at a slope steepness m=2, m=3 and in a dry state at m=2 was investigated. In an unstabilized state, the models of dams made of phosphogypsum were studied in a water-saturated state with a slope steepness m=3, and a dam fragment at m=3 in a water-saturated state with horizontal and vertical sand drainage layers. As a result of studies of seismic stability of dam fragments made of phosphogypsum, the following was established: the overall stability of dams made of phosphogypsum (in a stable state) under seismic effect of up to 9-10 points is fully ensured both in a dry and water-saturated state. Horizontal and vertical interlayers increase the slope stability of the dam model made of phosphogypsum in a water-saturated state; the slopes were stable after a dynamic impact of 9 point even in unstabilized states. Drainage layers accelerate the consolidation of phosphogypsum, and this naturally increases the seismic resistance of dams.

Безопасность шламонакопителей и отстойников с вредными промышленными стоками

To reduce the risk of toxic substances ingression into the soil, ground and surface waters, it is proposed to protect the bed and slope ramps of the earth embankment for sludge collectors (sediment tanks) with reliable waterproofing – soil-concrete. It has been recommended to perform the screen soil compacted layers inclined towards the tail bay at an angle to the structure base surface, what is more, the angle value is determined by the permissible values of filtration flow’s parameters. The proposed technical solution allows increase the reliability of sludge collectors, as well as minimize the risk of an emergency situation as a result of the ingression of toxic effluents into the soil and water.

Recycling of waste to secondary raw materials as a way to increase environmental safety of production

Complex influence of the ground of waste of the oil refinery including three sections of a pond store, a pond evaporator, a pond - the store of synthetic fatty acids, a dump of solid industrial wastes, the card of viscous waste of production of additives on the environment is investigated. It is revealed that the main pollutant are oil products (oil hydrocarbons), the steady trend of their accumulation in the environment is noted.It is established that extent of utilization of the petrowaste which is valuable secondary raw materials is small that leads to their accumulation on the grounds and sludge collectors which are sources of environmental pollution. Extent of recycling of production of additives is especially low that is explained by their complex structure causing the low productivity and high cost of technological process of their processing.The scheme of the organization of monitoring of a condition of the environment around placement of the ground of waste including control of a condition of the atmosphere, underground waters and soils is offered.Reduction of environmental pollution by waste of oil processing due to their greatest possible secondary use and consequently, and economy of scarce and expensive natural raw materials, it is possible only in the presence at the enterprise of the comprehensive program of waste management.The theoretical and pilot researches directed to decrease in negative impact of the ground of waste of oil refineries on the environment are conducted, the method of liquidation of the map of viscous production wastes of additives with use of production wastes of the additive DF-11 (KEK) is developed.

ASSESSMENT OF THE ACCIDENT RISK AND CALCULATION OF THE FAILURE PROCESSES IN TERMS OF THE EARTH DIKE OF A TAILING DAM

A problem of the operational reliability and safety of both tailing dams and sludge collectors of the industri-al wastes has been considered. Dangers and threats due to the emergency situations have been demonstrated in terms of the world and national experience of the operation of such objects. Certain irrelevance of modern regula-tory conditions of the environmental and technogenic safety provision during the operation of those objects has been emphasized. That is caused mainly by the fact that the collectors were designed and constructed in the last century; moreover, the threats are possible due to their long-term operations without proper engineering and technical maintenance. The research has been carried out involving the conventional methods. Preliminary visual and instrumental diagnostic inspections of the object conditions have been performed; mathematical calculations have been carried out; analytical analysis has been applied. Analysis of technical conditions and accident risks in terms of the earth border dike of a tailing dam has been proposed in the context of the object in Dnipropetrovsk region. It has been identified that under current operating conditions, that hydrotechnical structure has potential-ly hazardous sites of landslide formations and collapsing of the downstream side due to the filtration defor-mations. Threat degree λ=0.647 and vulnerability degree νу=0.333 of the object have been specified on the basis of the conventional methodologies. According to the principle of intersections of those events, integral evaluation of accident risk R=0.215 has been defined which corresponds to the decreased safety level of the object operation. Calculation and modeling of the probable development of the earth dike failure have been performed. General indices of the duration of hydrodynamic accident and parameters of the washout formation in the structure body have been identified. Overall time for the tailing dam emptying is about 6 hours. The obtained results can be the basis to provide reliability and safety of the trailing dam operation during the forecasting of accident risks and failure consequences. Compulsory elaboration of the documentation concerning evaluation of the environmental impacts of both tailing dams and slurry collectors has been highlighted. The documentation should include calcu-lations of probable accidents and provide action plan as for the hydrodynamics accident within the tail bay. Keywords: earth dike, tailing dam, hydrodynamic accident, integral risk evaluation.