Slow-release Delivery System Research Articles

Delivery Systems in Ocular Retinopathies: The Promising Future of Intravitreal Hydrogels as Sustained-Release Scaffolds.

Slow-release delivery systems are needed to ensure long-term sustained treatments for retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy, which are currently treated with anti-angiogenic agents that require frequent intraocular injections. These can cause serious co-morbidities for the patients and are far from providing the adequate drug/protein release rates and required pharmacokinetics to sustain prolonged efficacy. This review focuses on the use of hydrogels, particularly on temperature-responsive hydrogels as delivery vehicles for the intravitreal injection of retinal therapies, their advantages and disadvantages for intraocular administration, and the current advances in their use to treat retinal diseases.

Prediction of an effective cervical ripenning in the induction of labour using vaginal dinoprostone

To develop a predictive model for successful cervical ripening in women that undergo induction of labour by means of a vaginal prostaglandin slow-release delivery system (Propess®). Prospective observational study on 204 women that required induction of labour between February 2019 and May 2020 at “La Mancha Centro” hospital in Alcázar de San Juan, Spain. The main variable studied was effective cervical ripening (Bishop score > 6). Using multivariate analysis and binary logistic regression, we created three initial predictive models (model A: Bishop Score + Ultrasound cervical length + clinical variables (estimated fetal weight, premature rupture of membranes and body mass index)); model B: Ultrasound cervical lenght + clinical variables; and model C: Bishop score + clinical variables) to predict effective cervical ripening. All three predictive models obtained (A, B and C) presented good predictive capabilities, with an area under the ROC curve ≥ 0.76. Predictive model C, composed of the variables: gestational age (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.18–2.03, p = 0.002), premature rupture of membranes (OR 3.21 95% CI 1.34–7.70, p = 0.09) body mass index (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.87–0.98, p = 0.012), estimated fetal weight (OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.99–1.00, p = 0.068) and Bishop score (OR 1.49 95% CI 1.18–1.81, p = 0.001), is presented as the model of choice with an area under the ROC curve of 0.76 (95% CI 0.70–0.83, p < 0.001). A predictive model composed of the variables: gestational age, premature rupture of membranes, body mass index, estimated fetal weight and Bishop score upon admission presents good capabilities in predicting successful cervical ripening following administration of prostaglandins. This tool could be useful in making clinical decisions with regard to induction of labour.

Lignin nanoparticles as a novel carrier for efficacious delivery of toll like receptor 7/8 agonist: Physicochemical and in-vitro evaluation

Imidazoquinolinone (IMDQ) derivatives are known TLR7/8 agonists and are approved by the FDA for antiviral and skin cancer treatment. Their use as innate immune system activating molecules has been limited by poor pharmacokinetic properties and toxicities associated with systemic administration. In the present study, an IMDQ derivative, 1-(3-(aminomethyl) benzyl)-2-butyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-c] quinolin-4-amine (meta-aminomethyl BBIQ, 4), was encapsulated in biopolymer lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) to develop slow-release delivery system and to enhance its immune activating properties. A co-precipitation method was used to synthesize LNPs of alkali lignin. Characterization studies demonstrated the formation of spherical shaped nanoparticles of ∼150 nm size. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity for meta-aminomethyl BBIQ in LNPs was found to be 99% and 70%, respectively. In-vitro release studies showed 78% release over 24 h at pH 7.4 followed by sustained release. Kinetic modelling studies showed the release profile followed Weibull order kinetics with β value ≤ 0.75 corresponding to Fickian diffusion. Moreover, blank as well as meta-aminomethyl BBIQ-loaded LNPs were non-hemolytic and did not show significant cytotoxicity in RAW 264.7 and MDA-MB-23 cells at all tested concentrations. This study confirms the potential to use LNPs as a drug delivery system for immune modulators or vaccine adjuvants.

Novel Treatments for Diabetic Macular Edema and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a common cause of vision loss, is projected to increase worldwide, and is associated with significant morbidity. The current standard-of-care treatments can preserve and significantly improve vision in many patients affected by DR. However, challenges such as heavy treatment burden and refractory disease remain. The purpose of this review is to highlight and discuss investigative agents in development for the treatment of DR. There are several novel agents with unique mechanisms that may offer greater durability and efficacy compared to existing drugs. Some target new pathways, others leverage a slow-release delivery system, and some modify gene expression through a single-dose treatment. While unfavorable adverse events, such as intraocular inflammation, have been observed with longer-durability agents, many investigational products show excellent efficacy and safety profiles. The outcomes of ongoing and future trials may revolutionize the current treatment paradigm for DR.

Remediating Contaminated Groundwater with an Aerated, Direct-Push, Oxidant Delivery System

One of the biggest challenges to treating contaminated aquifers with chemical oxidants is achieving uniform coverage of the target zone. In an effort to maximize coverage, we report the design and installation of a novel aerated, slow-release oxidant delivery system that can be installed by direct-push equipment. By continuously bubbling air beneath a slow-release oxidant in situ, an airlift pump is created that causes water and oxidant to be dispersed from the top of the outer screen and drawn in at the bottom. This continuous circulation pattern around each drive point greatly facilitates the spreading of the oxidant as it slowly dissolves from the wax matrix (i.e., oxidant candle). Given that the aeration rate controls the outward flow of oxidant from the outer screen in all directions, the radius of influence around each drive point is largely a function of the outward velocity of the oxidant exiting the screen and the advection rate opposing the upgradient and lateral spreading. Temporal sampling from three field sites treated with the aerated oxidant system are presented and results show that contaminant concentrations typically decreased 50–99% within 6–9 months after installation. Supporting flow tank experiments that demonstrate oxidant flow patterns and treatment efficacy are also presented.

A natural post-emergence herbicide based on essential oil encapsulation by cross-linked biopolymers: characterization and herbicidal activity.

This work describes efforts to encapsulate savory (Satureja hortensis L.) essential oil (EO) with different natural polymers (i.e., Arabic gum/gelatin (AGG), apple pectin (AP), gelatin (G)) and, as a separate set of experiments, with bio cross-linkers (i.e., citric acid and transglutaminase enzyme). The phytotoxic activity of encapsulated savory EO on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and amaranth weed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) was investigated. The micro-capsules were evaluated in terms of size, polydispersity, stability, encapsulation efficiency, morphology, and release properties. The Korsmeyer-Peppas model operated when EO was being released from the micro-capsules. Carvacrol (52.5%) and γ-terpinene (30.2%) comprised the main constituents of the savory EO. Based on the results, encapsulating the EO with cross-linked biopolymers increased the stability and herbicidal activity of EO, as compared to simple EO emulsions. Maximum toxicity injuries (MTI) were caused by encapsulations of apple pectin, cross-linked with APe enzyme (15ml/L) on both plant species. MTI were observed 2days after using the micro-encapsulated herbicides (MCHs). However, the injury caused by MCHs on tomato was not significant. The lowest values of fresh weight (2.80g), chlorophyll a (0.194mg/g Fw), and total chlorophyll content (0.219mg/g Fw) of amaranth occurred in response to APe (15ml/L). Moreover, using AP(e) (10ml/L) caused the lowest values of starch (0.444mg/g Fw) and flavonoid contents (4.18mg Cat/g Fw) in amaranth which measured as 59% and 90% reductions, respectively, in comparison with the control. The highest values of MDA (0.0109nmol/g Fw) and H2O2 (0.0432μmol/g Fw) were observed in amaranth plants treated with AP(e) (10ml/L). In summary, cross-linked apple pectin can perform well in slow release delivery systems of agrochemicals. It can be recommended for use in the production of commercial, EO-based natural herbicides.

Mucoadhesive Buccal Patches: The Newest Way of Oral Drug Delivery

Buccal route has been an eye catching route for delivery of drugs. Presence of saliva, mucus makes buccal cavity more efficient for large number of drugs to administer through it for proper dissolution and bioavailability without facing enzymatic degradation. Mucoadhesive buccal patches are dosage forms that deliver drug at longer duration of time in controlled release manner .Moreover rapid onset of action and at the same time altering thickness and type of polymer with variety of drugs, drug release can be made faster or slower as per need. Buccal patches are dosage forms that are novel but simple dosage forms to deliver drugs also drug release can be terminated at any time by removing it. The major emphasis is given on Mucoadhesion so as to prevent accidental swallowing of drug; various combinations of polymers, permeation enhancers are used in this dosage form to enhance its efficiency. Many studies conducted relating to mucoadhesive drug delivery systems e.g. adhesive tablets, adhesive gels, adhesive patches and many more to achieve controlled or slow release delivery systems for systemic and local therapy of diseases in the oral cavity.

Safety and Feasibility of Intravesical Instillation of Botulinum Toxin-A in Hydrogel-based Slow-release Delivery System in Patients With Interstitial Cystitis-Bladder Pain Syndrome: A Pilot Study

To assess the feasibility and the safety of a mixture instillation of TC-3 gel, a novel reverse-thermal gelation hydrogel, and botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) for the treatment of interstitial cystitis-bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). TC-3 gel-BTX-A mix is instilled into the bladder as liquid, solidifies because of body heat, and gradually dissolves to release BTX-A for several hours. A single intravesical instillation of 200 U BTX-A premixed with 40 mL TC-3 gel was delivered to the bladder. Adverse events and preliminary efficacy outcome measures were assessed: bladder diary, visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index (ICSI) and Interstitial Cystitis Problem Index (ICPI) at baseline and at 2, 6, and 12 weeks. A total of 15 severely symptomatic patients with IC/BPS (ICSI and ICPI score ranges 12-19 and 12-16, respectively; median VAS = 7) were enrolled (male and female = 4 and 11, ages 24-76). In terms of safety, no increase in VAS score was noted at instillation. All adverse events were transient and mild, the most common being temporary mild constipation (n = 4, 26%). The mean VAS at baseline vs week 12 was 6.6 ± 2.7 vs 5.3 ± 2.8 (P = .044). The mean ICSI and ICPI scores were reduced at week 12 compared with baseline (15.4 ± 2.4 vs 12.9 ± 4.3, P = .004, and 14.8 ± 1.4 vs 11.9 ± 4.0, P = .004, respectively). The mean number of voids per night at baseline decreased for 6 weeks (3.3 ± 2.1 vs 1.8 ± 0.9, P = .046) and then returned to baseline level at week 12. Intravesical instillation of a TC-3 gel-BTX-A mixture is safe and tolerable. Preliminary results suggest temporary efficacy lasting for a few weeks.

Releasing characteristics of anthocyanins extract in pectin-whey protein complex microcapsules coated with zein.

This study investigated pectin-based capsules as delivery systems for purple rice bran anthocyanin extract (AE) during exposure to simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Four different capsules loaded with AE were prepared by ionotropic gelation/extrusion, including (1) pectin capsules (PE), (2) pectin capsules coated with zein (PE/ZE), (3) pectin-whey protein isolate complex capsules (PE+WP), and (4) pectin-whey protein isolate complex capsules coated with zein (PE+WP/ZE). CaCl2 in an ethanol solution with or without zein was used as a crosslinking solution. Swelling and release characteristics of all capsules under simulated gastric fluid at pH 1.2 (SGF) and simulated intestinal fluid at pH 6.8 (SIF) for 120 and 180min, respectively, were examined. PE+WP, PE+WP/ZE, and PE/ZE capsules had higher encapsulation efficiency than PE capsules. After incubation, PE+WP/ZE and PE capsules had the lowest swelling ratio in SGF and SIF, respectively. PE+WP/ZE capsules had the lowest AE release in SGF, while PE capsules had the highest. Both PE+WP and PE+WP/ZE capsules had significantly lower AE release in SIF than PE and PE/ZE capsules. The study demonstrated that PE+WP and PE+WP/ZE capsules have potential to function as a slow release delivery system for AE.

Permeability Profiles and Intestinal Toxicity Assessment of Hydrochlorothiazide and Its Inclusion Complex with β-Cyclodextrin Loaded into Chitosan Nanoparticles.

Here, a novel drug delivery system was developed for the hydrochlorothiazide (HCT):β-cyclodextrin (βCD) inclusion complex loaded into chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NPs) [CS/HCT:βCD NPs]. It was found, for the first time, that exposure of the intestinal mucosa to free HCT resulted in an increased and abnormal intestinal permeability associated with several injuries to the intestinal epithelium. Nevertheless, the HCT delivery system obtained ameliorated the damage of the intestinal epithelium induced by HCT. Furthermore, we found that the corresponding permeability profiles for both the free HCT and the CS/HCT:βCD NPs were exponential and lineal, respectively. We propose that the increased intestinal uptake and severe tissue injury of HCT to the intestinal epithelium could be directly related to possible effects of this drug on the ionoregulatory Na+/K+-ATPase channel. Thus, it is postulated that the CS/HCT:βCD NPs may increase the gastrointestinal retention of the HCT, which would provide increased adherence to the mucus barrier that lines the intestinal epithelium; consequently, this would act as a slow HCT release delivery system and maintain lower drug levels of luminal gut in comparison with the administration of free HCT, leading to less severe local injury.

Ocular drug delivery and pharmacokinetics: influence of drug properties and delivery systems

SummaryAlthough the eye is readily accessible for drug dosing, drug delivery to the eye remains a major challenge due to multiple static and dynamic barriers. After topical administration, much &lt;10% of the drug in the dosage form reaches intraocular tissues, primarily those in the anterior segment. No topical dosage form is currently approved for back of the eye drug therapy due to inadequate drug delivery. Topical dosing is currently viable only for small molecule drugs since macromolecules are not delivered adequately by this route of administration to be therapeutically effective. Intravitreal dosing through injections and surgical means, while allowing 100% dose delivery to the back of the eye, poses multiple challenges including rapid clearance of small molecules in solution, necessitating the use of slow release delivery systems. Macromolecules are cleared more slowly from the vitreous humor of the eye, allowing drug dosing once every month or two. Currently efforts are underway to reduce dosing frequencies for macromolecules as well. The purpose of this presentation is to describe mechanisms of topical and intravitreal drug delivery, with a key focus on drug and delivery system properties. Also, emerging routes of administration including suprachoroidal and transscleral routes will be discussed.

New technologies and drugs in the management of diabetic retinopathy

Diabetic retinopathy remains one of the most common and most feared causes of blindness and visual impairment in adults of working age despite the availability of effective treatment for more than 30 years. Sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy consists of two distinct clinical entities: proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular oedema (DMO or maculopathy) which may coexist, both of which can be detected by clinical or photographic screening before vision is affected, thereby allowing treatment to be offered before visual impairment has developed. Laser photocoagulation has been the mainstay of treatment of PDR and DMO since landmark studies in the 1980s proved its effectiveness. The more recent elucidation of the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the pathogenesis of both types of diabetic retinopathy, and the ability to specifically inhibit VEGF effects by the intraocular injection of blocking agents offer new options of non-destructive treatment with better visual outcomes than laser. Diabetic macular oedema may also respond to intraocular steroid therapy, and the development of slow-release delivery systems can now provide drug delivery for three years from a single injection. The assessment of DMO has been revolutionised by non-invasive imaging with ocular coherence tomography (OCT) which allows microscopic visualisation of macular detail and serial quantitative measurement of the structural response to treatment. These new therapeutic options are improving visual outcomes for DMO, but are also creating enormous logistical problems for both patients and eye clinics as they are much more demanding in terms of frequent clinic visits and use of ophthalmology imaging services than conventional but less effective laser treatment. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons. Practical Diabetes 2014; 31(7): 275 ‐280

Effectiveness of slow-release systems in CD40 agonistic antibody immunotherapy of cancer

Slow-release delivery has great potential for specifically targeting immune-modulating agents into the tumor-draining area. In prior work we showed that local treatment of slowly delivered anti-CD40 antibody induced robust anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses without systemic toxicity. We now report on the comparison of two slow-release delivery systems for their use in antibody-based immunotherapy of cancer. Anti-CD40 agonistic antibody delivered locally in mineral oil Montanide ISA 51 or in dextran-based microparticles activated tumor-specific T cell activation. Both slow-release formulations significantly decreased systemic side-effects compared to systemic administration of anti-CD40 antibody. However, dextran-based microparticles caused serious local inflammation associated with unwanted rapid outgrowth of tumors instead of the tumor clearance observed with delivery in Montanide. We therefore conclude that Montanide ISA 51 is to be preferred as a slow-release agent for CD40 agonist immunotherapy of cancer.

Mobility and efficacy of 2,4-D herbicide from slow-release delivery systems based on organo-zeolite and organo-bentonite complexes

This research aimed to develop slow-release formulations (SRFs) of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) using zeolite and bentonite minerals modified with cetyltrimethylammonium (CTMA) surfactant. Adsorption–desorption, greenhouse bioassay and column experiments were carried out to assess the potential of the SRFs to control weeds while reducing the herbicide leaching losses to deep layers of soil. The results showed that only 6.5 mmol 2,4-D kg−1 was retained by Na-bent, and the herbicide was not adsorbed by Na-zeol at all. The surface modification with CTMA surfactant, however, improved the 2,4-D adsorption capacity of the zeolite and bentonite up to 207.5 and 415.8 mmol kg−1, respectively. The synthesized organo-minerals slowly released the retained 2,4-D discharging 22 to 64% of the adsorbed 2,4-D to the solution phase within 7 days. The SRFs significantly (P = 0.05) reduced the herbicide mobility within the soil columns keeping a great portion of the herbicide active ingredient in the upper 5 cm soil layer. The SRFs were significantly (P = 0.05) as effective as the free technical herbicide in weed control without harming the ryegrass as the main plant. Therefore, the synthesized SRFs could be considered as useful tools for weed control in sustainable agriculture.

Bioactive silica-based nanomaterials for doxorubicin delivery: Evaluation of structural properties associated with release rate

This study investigated the use of a novel particle-type formulation, composed of a sol–gel derived bioactive silica-poly(dimethylsiloxane) composite containing calcium and phosphate, as a slow release delivery system for an anticancer drug (doxorubicin hydrochloride, DOX). DOX in the solution form was in situ incorporated into the composite network during the sol–gel process. The DOX loaded-formulation was immersed in a simulated body fluid (SBF) having ion concentrations and a pH value nearly equal to those of human blood plasma. The effect of different drug loads and particle sizes — on the release profiles in such biomimetic conditions was studied. The bioactivity was examined in vitro with respect to the ability of hydroxyapatite layer to form on the surface of residual DOX-loaded formulation as a result of contact with SBF. The infrared absorption spectra, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen gas adsorption/desorption, and X-ray powder diffraction studies were conducted before and after contact of the formulation with SBF. The results show that all the DOX-loaded formulations are characterized by mesoporosity with the uniform pore-size-distribution. The release profiles of DOX consisted of two sequential zero order-controlled stages with distinctly different release rates. After 20days of DOX release, a semicrystalline carbonated hydroxyapatite with a highly developed porous structure was formed, indicative of their bioactive character. Furthermore, these new covered-particle-type formulations released DOX over 1month at a constant rate.

Investigating the biodegradation pattern of an ecofriendly pesticide delivery system based on wheat gluten and organically modified montmorillonites

An organically modified montmorillonite (C30B) was introduced within a wheat gluten (WG)-based formulation containing ethofumesate (as model pesticide) with the aim to enhance its slow release properties by modulating both biodegradation and release properties. For this purpose, biodegradation pattern in soil and release properties in model system have been investigated for ethofumesate alone, WG-ethofumesate and WG-C30B-ethofumesate formulations. Respirometric experiments undertaken with ethofumesate in soil have evidenced a non-biodegradable behavior whereas the incorporation of 0.26% of ethofumesate in WG-based formulation did not affect the final biodegradability of WG-based material in spite of a slight but significant delayed biodegradation pattern. This delaying effect, attributed to the ecotoxic effect of ethofumesate, was shown to disappear when introducing C30B in the formulation. The use of WG-based materials to formulate ethofumesate also resulted in a slow release effect (in water) that could be significantly enhanced by adding organoclays in the materials in spite of a very poor dispersion of the nanoclays within the matrix. Indeed, the presence of clay aggregates evidenced by TEM in the WG matrix would result in the entrapment of ethofumesate taking into account the huge affinity of this pesticide for this nanoclay. This hypothesis appeared fully consistent with the assumption that ethofumesate would be less available to reduce microorganisms respiration and also potentially less subjected to transport mechanisms. As a result, WG-based formulations appeared as a suitable ecofriendly strategy to design slow release delivery system for pesticides with the objective to reduce pesticide leaching in the environment.

O.14 Biocompatible nanoparticles as slow-release delivery system of 2′OMePS AON administered both intraperitoneally and orally in the mdx mice: dystrophin rescue and nanoparticles biodistribution

O.14 Biocompatible nanoparticles as slow-release delivery system of 2′OMePS AON administered both intraperitoneally and orally in the mdx mice: dystrophin rescue and nanoparticles biodistribution

Slow‐release nanoparticle‐encapsulated delivery system for laryngeal injection

There is a need for a slow-release system for local delivery of therapeutics to the larynx. Most therapeutic substances, such as steroids or chemotherapeutic agents that are injected into the larynx are cleared rapidly. Repeated laryngeal injection of these substances at short intervals is impractical. Injectable encapsulated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles offer a potential slow-release delivery system for biologically active substances in the larynx. Controlled animal study. PLGA nanoparticles were fabricated using a double emulsion method and were loaded with Texas Red-dextran (NPTR), hepatocyte growth factor (NPHGF), and bovine serum albumin (NPBSA). In vitro release of NPTR, NPBSA, and NPHGF was determined over approximately 2 weeks to assess potential duration of PLGA nanoparticle delivery. In vivo release of NPTR was assessed in a murine vocal fold injection model. The transcriptional effect of NPHGF on procollagen was measured in vitro to assess whether released growth factor retained functionality. In vitro release kinetics demonstrated slow release of NPTR, NPBSA, and NPHGF over 12 to 14 days. In vitro NPTR release correlated with in vivo results. In vivo presence of NPTR occurred up to 7 days compared to 1 day for Texas Red control. In addition, NPHGF ameliorated transforming growth factor-beta induced procollagen in vitro in 3T3 fibroblast cells. The results demonstrate the potential utility of nanoparticle encapsulation as an effective method for long-term delivery of specific drugs and biologically active substances to the larynx.

Stability of an autologous platelet clot in the pericardial sac: An experimental and clinical study

Autologous platelet clots serve as slow-release delivery systems for platelet-derived growth factors and cytokines. Their application to the pericardial sac might facilitate salvage and repair of ischemically injured myocardium. However, little is known about platelet clot stability in the pericardial sac. We investigated the stability of platelet clots in vitro and after administration to the pericardial sac in pigs and patients. In 5 Yorkshire-Landrace pigs and 10 patients, in vitro manufactured autologous platelet gel (Medtronic Magellan Platelet Separator) and platelet-rich fibrin (Vivolution Vivostat System) were administered to the pericardial sac for 30 minutes. Two antifibrinolytics (tranexamic acid and aprotinin) were tested for their capacity to stabilize autologous platelet gel. In vitro clots, incubated at 37 degrees C for 48 hours, served as controls. Clot weight was measured before and after administration. In vitro, autologous platelet gel clots of either formula liquefied almost entirely within 60 minutes whereas platelet-rich fibrin clots remained intact. In the pig, platelet clot weight decreased to 16.7% +/- 7.8% (P < .05) and 66.4% +/- 3.2% (P < .05) of initial clot weight for autologous platelet gel and platelet-rich fibrin, respectively. Addition of antifibrinolytics to autologous platelet gel did not reduce clot degradation significantly. In patients, autologous platelet gel and platelet-rich fibrin clot weight remained 9.0% +/- 1.5% (P < .05) and 73.7% +/- 2.6% (P < .05) of initial clot weight, respectively. Autologous platelet gel is unstable both in vitro and in vivo, whereas platelet-rich fibrin remains intact in vitro and, compared with autologous platelet gel, is less subject to degradation in pigs and in patients.

Use of biodegradable PLGA microspheres as a slow release delivery system for the Boophilus microplus synthetic vaccine SBm7462

The synthetic anti- Boophilus microplus vaccine SBm7462 derived from the tick intestinal protein, Bm86, induced a protective immune response when emulsified in saponin and used in cattle. Using a mice model, and with the objective of improving the vaccine by continual peptide release, it was encapsulated in PLGA 50:50 microspheres and inoculated in BALB/c mice to assess the immunological response by detection of anti-peptide IgGs. Comparative studies were made with the peptide emulsified in saponin and with another synthetic vaccine, and the microsphere/peptide was characterized for efficiency of encapsulation, in vitro release profile, morphology, size, peptide integrity after encapsulation and stability in different pHs. The findings showed that saponin enhances a better immune response from SBm7462 and that the PLGA 50:50 microspheres are suitable for use with this peptide.