Slow-release Compound Fertilizer Research Articles

The Impact of Fertilizer Type on Dry Matter, Nitrogen Partitioning, and Yield of Spring Maize with Film-Side Sowing

Dry matter (DM) and nitrogen (N) transport from nutritive organs to the grain is critical for cereal crop yield and protein content. There is limited research on the effects of slow-release or controlled-release fertilizers on dry matter and nitrogen partitioning in the nutrient organs of spring corn. A field trial was conducted in the National Corn Industry Technology System Xinzhou Comprehensive Experiment Station, China. The effects of different fertilizer management on yield, photosynthetic capacity, and nutrient partitioning of spring maize were studied. We modeled local farmers’ planting and management practices (T3). Based on T3, we added a slow-release compound fertilizer (T2), which does not require a follow-up fertilizer, and a controlled-release formulated fertilizer (T1), which is highly efficient and has low carbon emissions. The net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (Gs), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were 23%, 18.5%, 18%, 10.5% and 19%, 10.9%, 7%, and 5.5% higher in T1 compared to those of T3 and T2, respectively, at the ripening stage. The contribution of post-flowering DM transport to the kernel of T1 was 46% and 41.4% higher than that of T3 and T2, respectively. The nitrogen content of the kernel of T1 was 35.2% and 18.5% higher than that of T3 and T2, respectively. After a comprehensive analysis, T1 prolonged the photosynthetic effect through adequate nitrogen supply, provided nutrients to the kernel, promoted maize nitrogen uptake and utilization, and ultimately improved yield.

根区一次性分层施肥对夏玉米产量和养分吸收的影响

Currently, maize production in China suffers from many problems such as excessive fertilizer application, inefficient fertilizer use and insufficient agricultural labour. This research explores the efficient fertilization pattern of maize for fertilizer decrease and yield increase by studying the effect of one-time mechanical point-applied fertilization of controlled-release compound fertilizer in the root-zone, on yield and nutrient uptake. There were six treatments in the application program: 1) no fertilizer (CK); 2) a one-time banding fertilizer application (BDP) 5 cm off the seeds between rows and 10 cm deep; 3) one-time point-applied fertilization (RZF) 5 cm off seed in the row and 10 cm deep; 4) a layered banding application 5 cm off seed, 10 cm and 20 cm deep between rows at a rate of 3:7 (LBD); 5) a 5 cm off seed, 10 cm deep point-applied fertilization, and 20 cm banding application between rows at a rate of 3:7 (LRZ); 6) a fertilizer reduction of 10% between rows at a rate of LRZ (90% LRZ). The results showed that the one-time mechanical layered application of slow-release compound fertilizer (LRZ and LBD) in the root zone increased yields by 11.97% and 11.15%, respectively, compared to the non-layered application of slow-release compound fertilizer (BDP and RZF), and the differences were significant, indicating that mechanical layered application can replace the BDP mode and achieve increased crop yield. The average increase in agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of 25.95% and 11.15% for LBD over BDP and 26.10% and 11.97% for LRZ over RZF were significant, indicating that mechanized stratified fertilizer application can significantly improve fertilizer utilization and reduce fertilizer losses and surface source pollution.

Simultaneous recovery of ammonium and total phosphorus from toilet tail water by modified palygorskite-bentonite clay.

Suitable treatment of toilet sewage is a worldwide challenge. The anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR)-microbial fuel cell (MFC)-microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) (AMM) coupling treatment system has been constructed achieving effective removal of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus from toilet sewage and resource recovery; however, ammonium (NH4 + -N) and total phosphorus (TP) accumulation in tail water is a found problem of the system. In this study, acid-modified and alkali-heat modified palygorskite-bentonite (Pal-Ben) were used to recover NH4 + -N and TP from the AMM toilet tail water simultaneously. The higher adsorption capacity of the modified clay is attributed to the changes of surface structure of the material. The modified clay Pal-Ben (mass ratio 1:3) activated with alkali performed the highest NH4 + -N and TP recovery rates of 83.6% and 85.5%, respectively. The adsorption of NH4 + -N was more in line with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and confirmed to be a chemical adsorption process, while the adsorption of TP was more in line with the pseudo-first-order kinetics and a physical adsorption process; the adsorption capacity of NH4 + -N accelerated with decrease of TP removal when pH increased. This study developed a low cost and high capacity of alkaline thermally modified clay removing/recovering NH4 + -N and TP from toilet tail water simultaneously. PRACTITIONER POINTS: A cheap composite clay was developed to recover nitrogen and phosphorus from toilet tail water simultaneously. The low costs and high capacity of alkaline thermally modified clay make it stand out in NH4 + -N and TP removal of toilet tail water. The process mechanism of simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus recovery was clarified with characterization and kinetic model fitting. The used clay loaded with nutrients could be applied as a slow-release compound fertilizer for soil improvement.

Summary of SC TCM Agricultural Soil Ecological Restoration Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Engineering Technology

The paper focuses on the major scientific and technological innovation engineering technology of SC TCM agricultural land ecological restoration. The core technology system of SC TCM agricultural soil ecological restoration major scientific and technological innovation project consists of a number of cutting-edge advanced technologies from four aspects: “Century Tianwang” high-concentration nano-bio-organic fertilizer, high-concentration nano-bio-organic-inorganic slow-release compound fertilizer, “Century Tianwang” nano-soil special repair material; “Century Tianwang” botanical pesticide residue degradation agent; SOD rumex planting and breeding cycle technology.

Assessment of productivity, nutrient uptake and economic benefits of rice under different nitrogen management strategies.

BackgroundIntegrating a chemical nitrogen (N) fertilizer with an organic fertilizer and using slow-release mechanism are important N management strategies to increase the N utilization efficiency (NUE) and grain yield of rice. However, the performances of both N management strategies on the productivity, the nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency, and the economic benefits of rice have not yet been comprehensively evaluated.MethodsA 2-year field experiment was conducted with seven N management strategies without fertilizer (control), 100% conventional N fertilizer (conventional compound fertilizer and urea) (N100), 75% conventional N fertilizer with 25% organic–inorganic compound fertilizer (N75+OICF25), 50% conventional N fertilizer with 50% organic–inorganic compound fertilizer (N50+OICF50), 100% organic–inorganic compound fertilizer (OICF100), slow-release compound fertilizer with urea (SRCF+U), compound fertilizer with sulfur-coated urea (CF+SCU). The responses of the productivity, the nutrient absorption and utilization efficiency, and the economic benefits of rice to the different N management strategies were evaluated.ResultsCF+SCU performed comparably or better than N100, judging by the grain yield (GY), the N, phosphate (P) and potassium (K) agronomic efficiency (NAE, PAE and KAE), and the apparent N, P and K recovery efficiency (ANRE, APRE and AKRE). SRCF+U significantly increased the GY by an average of 7.7%, the NAE and the ANRE by 23.8 and 26.7%, the PAE and the APRE by 90.6 and 109.3%, and the KAE and the AKRE by 74.2 and 57.7%. The higher GY and nutrient utilization efficiency when using SRCF+U were attributed to the higher total biomass and total nutrient absorption. N75+OICF25 and N50+OICF50 produced a comparable grain yield than N100, whereas a significant yield reduction was observed when using OICF100. Compared with N100, N75+OICF25 resulted in a comparable or higher fertilizer use efficiency (0.3 and 4.7% for NAE and ANRE, 0.3 and 3.2% for PAE and APRE, 0.3 and −2.8% for KAE and AKRE). However, the fertilizer use efficiency when using N50+OICF50 and OICF100 were lower than with N100. The highest net return (NR) (5,845.03 yuan ha−1) and benefit to cost (B:C) ratio (0.34) were obtained when using SRCF+U. The NR and the B:C ratio when using N75+OICF25 were slightly higher than when using N100. However, N50+OICF50 and OICF100 significantly decreased the NR and the B:C ratio compared with N100 by 14.5 and 12.1% and by 35.1 and 29.0%, respectively.ConclusionsSRCF+U and CF+SCU enhanced the crop productivity, the nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency, and the economic benefits compared with N100. The comprehensive performance of SRCF+U was better than that of CF+SCU. N75+OICF25 produced almost similar productivity, nutrient uptake and use efficiency compared with N100. It demonstrated that N75+OICF25 stabilized the grain yield production of rice and reduced the input of chemical N fertilizer.

Poly-acrylic acid grafted natural rubber for multi-coated slow release compound fertilizer: Preparation, properties and slow-release characteristics

In this study, a novel multi-coated slow release compound fertilizer based on natural rubber (NR) was prepared and characterized. Firstly, NR was grafted with poly-acrylic acid by in-situ radical solution polymerization to synthesize poly-acrylic acid grafted natural rubber (NR-g-PAA), the reaction conditions were optimized to increase the water absorption properties of NR-g-PAA. Through a series of characterization and test, the structure, morphology, thermal properties and biodegradability of NR-g-PAA were determined. Subsequently, a multi-nutrient fertilizer core was fabricated with urea, KH2PO4, and attapulgite by pan granulation. Then the fertilizer core was coated by NR as the inner layer and NR-g-PAA as the outer layer. Meanwhile, the slow release behavior of the compound fertilizer in soil was also studied. Results showed that the maximum water absorbency of NR-g-PAA is 744.00 ± 14.38%. The release rate of N, P and K in 30 days for NR/NR-g-PAA coated fertilizer was about 54.35 ± 1.49%, 51.18 ± 2.15% and 44.37 ± 1.38%, respectively, showing that the nutrient element release can last for >30 days. Overall, the novel method introduced in this study can inform the development of NR based controlled release fertilizers.

Evaluation of almond young trees growth and nutritional status under different slow-release compound fertilizer types and doses at Nubaria region

BackgroundSlow-release fertilizers (SRF) are quite numerous, and diverse group of materials are involved in the improvement of the effectiveness of fertilization, mitigation of the negative impact of fertilizers on the environment, and the reduction of labor and energy consumption connected with the application of conventional fertilizers. The objective of the experiment was to measure vegetative growth parameters and nutritional status of Nonpareil almond young trees under two types of slow-release compound fertilizers: Matador at 30, 60, and 120 kg/Feddan and Nitrophoska at (25, 50, and 100 kg/Feddan. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Research Station of National Research Centre at Nubaria, El Behera governorate, Egypt, during successive growing seasons 2018 and 2019.ResultsThe results indicated that increasing doses of slow-release fertilizer significantly improved vegetative growth of trees. The highest dose of Nitrophoska had significantly higher stem length, diameter, numbers of branches and leaves/trees, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf fresh and dry weight while the highest significant of specific leaf dry weight was obtained by applying the highest dose of Matador compared with control trees that received the fast-release fertilizer NPK 19:19:19 at 200 kg/Feddan. Leaf mineral contents of some macro (N, P, K and Mg) and micro elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) were significantly increased as a result of application with slow-release fertilizers. Nitrophoska at 100 kg/Feddan gave the highest values of nitrogen, potassium, magnesium, and iron while Matador at 120 kg/Feddan gave the highest value of manganese. Matador at all doses resulted in a significant increment in phosphorus concentration in leaves in both seasons. Nitrophoska at 100 kg/Feddan and Matador at 120 kg/Feddan recorded the highest values of zinc and copper without significant differences between them.ConclusionsIt could be concluded that application with slow-release fertilizers resulted in a positive and significant influence on most investigated vegetative growth measurements and leaf mineral contents of Nonpareil almond trees, since the application with Nitrophoska at 100 kg/Feddan was the most effective treatment for increasing growth measurements and improving leaf nutritional status of Nonpareil almond trees grown under Nubaria condition.

Effects of irrigation and fertilizer levels on the distribution of water and salt in saline field and maize yield

Agriculture development in arid and semi-arid saline areas is seriously affected by water resources scarcity and excessive fertilization. Understanding the effects of different irrigation and fertilization levels on soil water and salt distribution and silage maize yield would provide scientific basis for determining appropriate irrigation and fertilization amount. The experiment was carried out in a saline field of the Datong Basin in 2015 and 2016. There were three irrigation levels, with the upper limit of soil moisture being controlled at 100% (W1), 90% (W2) and 80% (W3) of the field water capacity. Irrigation amount was calculated based on the average actual water content before irrigation of each treatment. There were four fertilization levels in 2015, 900 kg·hm-2 (F1), 750 kg·hm-2 (F2), 600 kg·hm-2(F3), and 450 kg·hm-2(F4), and three levels in 2016 (F1, F2, and F3). The total nutrient content of the slow-release compound fertilizer was 48%, with a 30:12:6 ratio of N:P2O5:K2O. Results showed that the surface conductivity of soil increased with the increases of fertilizer application levels. The effects of fertilization on soil salinity in 0-10 cm was significant. Compared with F1, the average EC of F2 in 0-10 cm was decreased by 25.6%-42.7% in 2015 and by 6.4%-7.7% in 2016, respectively. The water content in 20-80 cm decreased with the increases of fertilizer application levels. Compared with F1, the average soil water content in 20-80 cm soil layer of F2, F3, and F4 increased by 5.9%, 16.7% and 16.7% in 2015, and that of F2 and F3 increased by 13.3% and 16.7% in 2016, respectively. The yield of F1 and F2 was higher than that of F3 and F4, and W3 was lower than W1 and W2 in both years. There was no significant difference in yield between F1 and F2. Compared with W1, decrease in yield of W2 was less than 15%. Therefore, the application of compound fertilizer 600-750 kg·hm-2(nitrogen content 180-270 kg·hm-2), and irrigation levels W1 and W2 were suggested to ensure high yield of forage maize in saline soil in this area, without salt accumulation in root zone.

Recovery of Ammonium and Phosphate from Wastewater by Wheat Straw-based Amphoteric Adsorbent and Reusing as a Multifunctional Slow-Release Compound Fertilizer

To minimize the negative impact of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution from wastewater and improve fertilizer use efficiency, a novel multifunctional slow-release compound fertilizer was prepared by recovery of NH4+ and H2PO4– from aqueous solutions onto amphoteric straw cellulose (ASC) adsorbent. The effects of adsorbent dosage, solution pH, contact time and ionic strength on adsorption were investigated. The adsorption quickly reached equilibrium. The maximum NH4+ adsorption capacity of ASC was 68.4 mg g–1 at around pH 7.0, whereas it was 38.6 mg g–1 for H2PO4– adsorption at pH 5.0. Moreover, the feasibility of reusing the nutrients-laden carrier material as a multifunctional slow-release compound fertilizer was determined. The study demonstrated the product with excellent slow-release and water-retention properties. Thus, it could improve soil moisture content and reduce soil moisture evaporation rate and was economical and environmentally friendly for application in horticulture and agriculture.

有机无机缓释复合肥对土壤微生物量碳、氮和群落结构的影响

有机无机缓释复合肥对土壤微生物量碳、氮和群落结构的影响

Characteristics of soil ammonia volatilization and the absorption and utilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of pepper under slow-release fertilizer application

采用室内扩散模拟试验研究了施用大颗粒尿素(PUR)、辣椒专用复混肥(LCCF)、辣椒专用缓释复混肥(LSRF)土壤的氨挥发特性, 并采用土培试验研究了LSRF、LCCF、普通复合肥(OCCF)、市场非包膜缓释复合肥(MSRF)对'渝椒五号'和'改良早丰'辣椒产量、氮磷钾养分吸收利用、土壤有机质及酶活性的影响, 探讨LSRF的应用效果。结果显示, 室内扩散模拟试验中, 前28 d氨释放速率总体表现为PUR>LCCF>LSRF>不施肥(CK), 28 d以后LSRF的氨释放速率略高于PUR和LCCF处理。培养70 d时, PUR、LSRF和LCCF的氨挥发量分别为71.87 mg·kg^-1、54.29 mg·kg^-1和63.49 mg·kg^-1, LSRF比PUR和LCCF分别降低了24.5%和11.7%。土培试验中, LSRF处理显著提高了2个辣椒品种的果实重量, '渝椒五号'和'改良早丰'分别较OCCF处理增产64.7%和33.8%。与OCCF处理相比较, LSRF处理增加了土壤有机质含量、土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性, 提高了辣椒对氮磷钾养分的吸收利用。'渝椒五号'和'改良早丰'LSRF处理的氮素表观利用率较OCCF处理分别增加62.5%和123.1%, '改良早丰'和'渝椒五号'LSRF处理的磷素表观利用率分别较OCCF处理提高了14.0倍和3.2倍, 钾素表观利用率分别较OCCF处理提高了28.7% 和120.9%。

Preparation and Properties of Novel Slow-release PK Agrochemical Formulations Based on Carboxymethylcellulose-Graft-Poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid) Superabsorbents

To improve the utilization of fertilizer and water resources at the same time, a new slow-release PK compound fertilizer (SRCF) with the function of water retention was prepared. Element analysis results showed that the product contained 20.46% potassium (shown by K2O) and 15.45% phosphorus (shown by P2O5), which were trapped in the matrix of carboxymethylcellulose-graft-poly(acrylic acid-co-itaconic acid) superabsorbent polymer. Major factors affecting the water absorbency of SRCF such as weight ratio of itaconic acid (IA) to acrylic acid (AA), contents of crosslinker, K2HPO4, and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were investigated and optimized. The water absorbency of the product was 130 times its own weight if it was allowed to swell in tap water at room temperature for 1 h. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Thermogravimetric/Differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) confirmed that AA and IA monomers were graft-copolymerized onto CMC backbone and presented the improved thermal stability. The water evaporation of the fertilizer-containing superabsorbents, as well as their nutrients release in sandy soil was carried out, and a possible slow-release mechanism was proposed. Additionally, compressive modulus measurements revealed that the introduction of CMC could improve the mechanical properties of the superabsorbents. These studies showed that the product with good slow-release and water retention properties, being economical and environment-friendly, could be expected to have wide potential applications in modern agriculture and horticulture.

Growth response of container-grown red pine and black pine seedlings at different types of fertilization

We examined the growth, carbon and nitrogen response of container-grown 2-0 red pine (Pinus densiflora) and black pine (P. thunbergii) seedlings at different types of fertilization. Red pine and black pine seedlings were treated with 0.3% or varying rates of water-soluble foliar fertilizer and a slow-release solid compound fertilizer. Root collar diameter and height of both pine seedlings were not significantly different among fertilizer types, while significantly higher in the fertilization than in the control treatments (P < 0.05). The greatest dry mass of the seedling was observed in the varying rates of foliar fertilization. Carbon concentration among the seedling components was generally higher in foliage or stem than in roots, but that of seedling components was not affected by fertilization types. Nitrogen concentration of seedling components was not significantly different among fertilization types, but significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the fertilization than in the control treatments. These results indicate that morphological characteristics and carbon and nitrogen status of container-grown red pine and black pine seedlings responded similarly between slow-release solid compound fertilizer and water-soluble fertilizer.

Effect of slow-release compound fertilizer on nitrogen nutrient in soil and rye-grass

采用恒温培养和盆栽生物试验研究了非包膜缓释复合肥料对土壤氮素养分(铵态氮、硝态氮、碱解氮、微生物量氮和固定态铵)和黑麦草氮素营养的效应。结果表明, 在恒温培养条件下, 各施肥处理土壤铵态氮含量随培养时间均表现为先升高后降低的趋势, 且中后期缓释复合肥料处理(SRCF)高于普通复合肥料处理(CCF); 缓释复合肥料SRCF1处理土壤硝态氮含量始终低于普通复合肥料CCF1处理, 缓释复合肥料SRCF2处理土壤硝态氮含量在初期较高、中后期较低; SRCF各处理土壤碱解氮和微生物量氮含量变化均表现为增加-降低-增加-降低趋势, 分别在培养第21 d和105 d时出现峰值; 土壤固定态铵含量变化较小, 但总体上以SRCF处理高于CCF处理。在等养分比例盆栽试验中, SRCF1-3处理黑麦草株高、生物量、干重和氮素养分吸收量均高于CCF1处理, SRCF有利于提高黑麦草产量、氮素吸收和利用率; 黑麦草氮素吸收量与培养土壤铵态氮、微生物量氮含量呈负相关, 而与硝态氮和固定态铵含量呈正相关。