Sleep Duration In Young Adults Research Articles

Network analysis of smoking-related sleep characteristics in Chinese adults

The associations between multiple sleep characteristics and smoking behavior are inconsistent, and it is unclear which sleep characteristics are most crucial for tobacco prevention. This study aimed to explore the associations between smoking status/intensity and multiple sleep characteristics and to identify the potential core domain of smoking-related sleep using network analysis. Data were obtained from a survey of cancer-related risk factors among Chinese adults. Logistic regression models were used to quantify the associations between sleep characteristics and smoking status/intensity. Network analyses were employed to identify the core sleep characteristics. A total of 5,228 participants with a median age of 44 years old were included in the study. Current smoking was significantly positively associated with long nap time, difficulty falling asleep, late bedtime, getting up after 7 am, and waking up earlier than expected. There was significant positive association between current smoking and short sleep duration in young adults under 45 years old. Late bedtime and getting up after 7 am were only associated with current heavy smoking, but not current light smoking. Network analyses showed that multiple smoking-related sleep characteristics were interconnected, with difficulty falling asleep and late bedtime as central characteristics in the network. The study found that the associations between sleep characteristics and smoking varied by age and smoking intensity and highlights the potential benefits of sleep health promotion in smoking cessation, with a particular focus on difficulty falling asleep and late bedtime.

High dose melatonin increases sleep duration during nighttime and daytime sleep episodes in older adults.

Aging is associated with changes in sleep, and improving sleep may have important consequences for the health, cognition, and quality of life of older adults. Many prescription sleep aids increase the risk of nighttime falls, have adverse effects on next-day cognition, and are associated with increased mortality. Melatonin, a hormone secreted at night, increases sleep duration in young adults but only when administered during the day when endogenous levels are low. In a month-long cross-over study, we randomized 24 healthy older (age >55, mean 64.2 ± 6.3 years) participants to receive 2 weeks of placebo and 2 weeks of either a low (0.3 mg) or high (5.0 mg) dose of melatonin 30 min before lights out. Sleep was polysomnographically recorded and was scheduled during both the biological day and night using a forced desynchrony design. Although0.3 mg melatonin had a trend towards increasing sleep efficiency (SE) overall, this was due to its effects on sleep during the biological day. In contrast, 5 mg melatonin significantly increased SE during both biological day and night, mainly by increasing the duration of Stage 2 non-rapid eye movement sleepand slightly shortening awakenings. Melatonin should be further explored as a sleep aid for older adults.

Vaping Linked to Short Sleep Duration in Young Adults

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article Clinical & ResearchFull AccessVaping Linked to Short Sleep Duration in Young AdultsTerri D'ArrigoTerri D'ArrigoSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:5 Nov 2020https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2020.11a2AbstractThose who use e-cigarettes daily are more likely to get less than seven hours of sleep a night.E-cigarette use, also known as vaping, may be associated with an increased risk of sleep deprivation in young adults aged 18 to 24 years, a study in Addictive Behaviors has found. The study also suggests that e-cigarette use is rising in this age group.“Further research on the potential causal link between vaping and sleep deprivation is necessary.” —Sina Kianersi, D.V.M.“From previous studies we now know that cigarette smoking is linked to poor sleep outcomes. Because of the increasing popularity of e-cigarette use among young adults and nonsmokers and the importance of sleep quality on different aspects of health, we decided to conduct this study to better understand the association between e-cigarette use and sleep deprivation among young American adults,” lead author Sina Kianersi, D.V.M., told Psychiatric News. He is a graduate student in the Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics at the Indiana University School of Public Health in Bloomington.The researchers analyzed data from 18,945 young adults who participated in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) in 2017 and 2018. The BRFSS is an annual telephone survey of adults living in the United States and its territories in which participants report on their health behaviors. Kianersi and colleagues drew their data from responses to questions that asked respondents how many hours they sleep in a 24-hour period; whether they have ever used an e-cigarette or other vaping device; and whether they currently use e-cigarettes or other vaping devices and, if so, how often. Sleep deprivation was defined as less than seven hours of sleep.In 2018, 47% of young adults had ever used an e-cigarette, up from 39% the year before. In 2018, roughly 16% of young adults currently used e-cigarettes, up from 10% the year before. For both years, roughly 34% of young adults experienced sleep deprivation. Compared with young adults who had never used e-cigarettes, those who used e-cigarettes every day were 1.42 times more likely to report sleep deprivation.“The strong association remained even after we controlled for other important sleep predictors, such as cigarette smoking and mental health status,” Kianersi said. “This is important because it implies that there might be a causal link there. We suggest further studies on the causal nature of this association.”Kianersi added that because the study was observational, more research is necessary before the findings can be translated into clinical practice. Nonetheless, it is the first large study of its kind, involving young adults from 40 states, which improves the generalizability of the findings, he said.“Sleep is important to overall health and well-being, and vaping may disrupt sleep,” Kianersi said. “Most importantly, as CDC recommends, nonsmokers should not use e-cigarettes.”The authors reported no outside funding for this study. ■“Association Between E-cigarette Use and Sleep Deprivation in U.S. Young Adults: Results from the 2017 and 2018 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System” is posted here. ISSUES NewArchived

Self-reported sleep quality is more closely associated with mental and physical health than chronotype and sleep duration in young adults: A multi-instrument analysis.

Sleep and circadian rhythms are considered to be important determinants of mental and physical health. Epidemiological studies have established the contribution of self-reported sleep duration, sleep quality and chronotype to health outcomes. Mental health and sleep problems are more common in women and men are more likely to be evening types. Few studies have compared the relative strength of these contributions and few studies have assessed these contributions separately in men and women. Furthermore, sleep and circadian characteristics are typically assessed with a limited number of instruments and a narrow range of variables is considered, leaving the understanding of the relative contribution of different predictors somewhat fractionary. We compared sleep quality, sleep duration and chronotype as predictors for self-reported mental and physical health and psychological characteristics in 410 men and 261 women aged 18 to 30. To ascertain that results were not dependent on the use of specific instruments we used a multitude of validated instruments including the Morningness-Eveningness-Questionnaire, Munich-ChronoType-Questionnaire, Pittsburgh-Sleep-Quality-Index, British-Sleep-Survey, Karolinska-Sleep-Diary, Insomnia-Severity-Index, SF-36-Health Survey, General-Health-Questionnaire, Dutch-Eating-Behaviour-Questionnaire, Big-Five-Inventory, Behaviour-Inhibition-System-Behaviour-Activation-System, and the Positive-Affect-Negative-Affect-Schedule. Relative contributions of predictors were quantified as local effect sizes derived from multiple regression models. Across all questionnaires, sleep quality was the strongest independent predictor of health and in particular mental health and more so in women than in men. The effect of sleep duration and social jetlag was inconspicuous. A greater insight into the independent contributions of sleep quality and chronotype may aid the understanding of sleep-health interactions in women and men.

Short sleep duration in prevalent and persistent psychological distress in young adults: the DRIVE study.

Young people are sleeping less. Short sleep duration has a range of negative consequences including a hypothesized link with psychological distress, which has yet to be studied Prospective cohort study Community-based sample from Australia Twenty thousand (20,822) young adults (aged 17-24) identified through the state vehicle licensing authority. A random sample (n = 5000) was approached for follow-up 12-18 months later, with 2837 providing full data. Psychological distress, determined by a Kessler 10 score > 21, at baseline; and as both onset and persistence of distress at follow-up. Shorter sleep duration was linearly associated with prevalent psychological distress: relative risk (RR) 1.14 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.15). Only the very short (< 5 h) sleepers among those not distressed at baseline had an increased risk for onset of psychological distress (RR 3.25 [95% CI 1.84, 5.75]). Of 945 cohort participants reporting psychological distress at baseline, 419 (44%) were distressed at follow-up. Each hour less of sleep increased the risk of psychological distress persisting after adjustment for potential confounding variables: RR 1.05 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.10). Long sleep duration showed no association with distress at any time point. Self-reported shorter sleep duration is linearly associated with prevalent and persistent psychological distress in young adults. In contrast, only the very short sleepers had a raised risk of new onset of distress. Different approaches to sleep duration measurement yield different results and should guide any interventions to improve subjective sleep duration in young adults.