Sleep Duration In Adults Research Articles

Association between serum folate and sleep duration in American adults: A cross-sectional analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 to 2010.

Folate is a vitamin that is exclusively derived from diet sources. Low folate levels are typically associated with cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, and cancer risk. However, few studies have examined the direct relationship between serum folate levels and sleep duration. Accordingly, we aimed to examine the relationship between serum folate levels and sleep duration. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we examined the association between serum folate levels and sleep duration. We used laboratory data to obtain independent serum folate, and covariate data, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin; dependent variable sleep duration and covariate data including race, family income, marital status, education, and country of birth from questionnaire data; and other covariate data such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and body mass index data from the measured data. Data was primarily analyzed using multiple regression analysis, stratified analysis with interactions, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and threshold effect analysis. A total of 14,072 participants over 19 years of age were enrolled, comprising 6923 (49.2%) males and 7149 (50.8%) females, with a median age of 48 years. The association between serum folate levels and sleep duration exhibited an inverted L-shaped curve (P = .033) in RCS. In the threshold analysis, for participants with serum folate of <32.208 nmol/L (β = 0.608, 95% CI: (0.275, 0.942), P < .001), the sleep duration was significantly increased by 0.608 minutes, with every 1 nmol/L in serum folate increased. At serum folate of ≥32.208 nmol/L, no significant association between serum folate and sleep duration was detected [β = 5.686, 95% CI: (-1.508, 12.88), P = .118]. Our findings revealed an inverted L-shaped relationship and saturation effects between serum folate levels and sleep duration in adults in the United States.

Gender- and Obesity-Specific Association of Co-Exposure to Personal Care Product and Plasticizing Chemicals and Short Sleep Duration among Adults: Evidence from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2016.

There is limited evidence about the gender- and obesity-specific effects of personal care product and plasticizing chemicals (PCPPCs) on short sleep duration in adults. We evaluated the gender- and obesity-specific association of co-exposure to PCPPCs and short sleep duration among adults aged 20-60 years using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016, a secondary data source from the United States. Seventeen PCPPCs, including five phenols, two parabens, and ten phthalates, were detected, and sleep duration was assessed among 3012 adults. Logistic regression, weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression, and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were employed. We found that bisphenol A (BPA), mono (caboxy-isooctyl) phthalate (MCOP), and mono (3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) were consistently positively associated with short sleep duration in both females and males regardless of obesity status, except for BPA with general obesity. In particular, mono benzyl phthalate (MBzP) revealed a positive association in females, mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) revealed a positive association in males, and MiBP revealed a positive association in abdominal obesity. Similar associations were observed in the mixture. Our study highlights that PCPPCs are independently associated with an increasing risk of short sleep duration in adults both individually and as a mixture; however, gender- and obesity-specific differences may have little effect on certain individual PCPPCs on short sleep duration.

Sex- and age-dependent associations of EPA and DHA with very short sleep duration in adults: a cross-sectional analysis

ABSTRACT Objectives This study aimed to compare the efficacy of dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 ω-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 ω-3) on very short sleep duration (<5 h/night) in adults. Methods The bootstrap method was used in the multinomial logistic regression to estimate the ORs and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of very short sleep duration. We used rolling window method to analyze the effects of EPA and DHA dietary intakes on very short sleep durations in men and women over age. To illustrate the stability of the results for the selected window width, we built a shiny application. Results Compared to the first quartile, the mean ORs of EPA intake on very short sleep duration and the corresponding 95% CIs for the second, third and fourth quartiles of EPA intake among men under 32 years old were 1.50 (0.56, 3.44) mg, 1.55 (0.59, 3.48) mg, and 3.99 (1.15, 10.01) mg, respectively. Among women over 44 years old, the ORs for DHA intake were 1.12 (0.81, 1.52) mg, 0.94 (0.68, 1.29) mg, and 0.62 (0.38, 0.98) mg for the second, third and fourth quartiles, respectively. Conclusions The associations of EPA and DHA with very short sleep duration are sex- and age-dependent. In males under the age of 32, a significant positive correlation exists between dietary EPA intake and very short sleep duration. For women above 44 years of age, an increase in DHA intake can notably ameliorate issues of very short sleep duration.

Neighborhood-level sleep health and childhood opportunities.

Regional sleep differences may reflect other important indicators of health and well-being. Examining sleep health at the regional level can help inform policies to improve population health. We examined the relationship between neighborhood-level adult sleep health (modeled in this study via adult sleep duration) and other health metrics and multiple indicators of child-relevant opportunity. Data were obtained from the "500 Cities" data collected by the CDC, including the proportion of the adult population in each tract that report obtaining at least 7 h of sleep. The Child Opportunity Index (COI) provides indices for "education," "health and environment," and "social and economic" domains, as well as a global score. When data were merged, 27,130 census tracts were included. Linear regression analyses examined COI associated with the proportion of the adult population obtaining 7 h of sleep. Adult sleep duration was associated with global COI, such that for each additional percent of the population that obtains ≥ 7 h of sleep, COI increases by 3.6 points (95%CI[3.57, 3.64]). Each component of COI was separately related to adult sleep duration. All associations were attenuated but significant in adjusted analyses. In stepwise analyses, sleep health via adult sleep duration emerged as the strongest correlate of global COI, accounting for 57.2% of the variance (p < 0.0001). Similarly, when stepwise analyses examined each component of COI as dependent variable, sleep health consistently emerged as the most substantial correlate (all p < 0.0001). Community levels of sufficient sleep are associated with greater childhood opportunities, which itself is robustly associated with a wide range of health and economic outcomes. Future work can examine whether this association can develop into scalable interventions.

Impact of melatonin-rich milk on subjective sleep duration in adults. First results from an interrupted time series analysis

Impact of melatonin-rich milk on subjective sleep duration in adults. First results from an interrupted time series analysis

Association of Sleep Duration with Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Among American Adults: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

To examine potential factors affecting sleep duration and explore its association with the risk of mortality among adults in the United States. The study population consisted of adults aged 26 to 79 years who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted from 2007 to 2016. Sleep duration was classified into three categories: short (<7 hours), optimal (7-8 hours), and long (≥9 hours). The associations between sleep duration and both all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality (including heart disease, tumors, cerebrovascular disease, and others) were examined in the overall population and subgroups using weighted Cox regression models. Dose-response associations between sleep duration and risk of all-cause mortality were explored using restricted cubic spline (RCS) analyses. Additionally, a multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate potential factors that influence sleep duration in adults. The study included a total of 24,141 subjects, with a population-weighted mean age of 48.93 years. Over 30% of the subjects exhibited unhealthy sleep habits. Fully adjusted models revealed that both short sleep duration (HR=1.169, 95% CI 1.027-1.331) and long sleep duration (HR=1.286, 95% CI 1.08-1.531), were associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. The RCS curves showed a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and risk of all-cause mortality. Subgroup analyses showed a significant association between poor sleep patterns and all-cause mortality among adults aged 26-64 years, males, and non-Hispanic whites. Furthermore, multinomial logistic regression identified several predictors associated with short and long sleep durations. Both short and long sleep duration are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, with a U-shaped dose-response relationship. It is imperative to implement appropriate primary prevention strategies aimed at monitoring and providing health education to populations at risk of developing unhealthy sleep patterns.

Temporal trends in sleep pattern among Chinese adults between 2010 and 2018: findings from five consecutive nationally representative surveys

ObjectivesThis study aimed to comprehensively analyze the time trends in average sleep duration and prevalence of short sleep, poor sleep quality, and high sleep debt among Chinese adults. Study designThis was a cross-sectional study. MethodsThe study used nationally representative data from Chinese Family Panel Survey (CFPS) among adults aged ≥18 years. Linear regression and logistic regression were used to calculate P-values for trends across waves, and absolute difference in prevalences were calculated by linear regression. Poisson regression analysis was used to calculate the prevalence ratios of sleep-related problems. ResultsIn 2018, the estimated average sleep duration in adults was 7.6 h/d. A shorter sleep duration, higher proportion of short sleep, and poor sleep quality were observed in people aged ≥65 years, women, people with primary school education or below, and residents in Liaoning province. The average sleep duration slightly decreased from 8.2 h/d in 2010 to 7.6 h/d in 2016, and then remained stable from 2016 to 2018. The prevalence of short sleep duration has markedly increased from 11.8% in 2010 to 24.1% in 2016, and then there was a decline in prevalence from 2016 to 2018, although this decrease was not significant. The prevalence of high sleep debt among employed people increased from 6.2% in 2010 to 8.6% in 2018 (absolute difference, 2.4 p.p; P trend = 0.063). In addition, the prevalence of poor sleep quality increased from 15.6% in 2012 to 21.3% in 2018 (absolute difference of 5.7 p.p; P trend<0.001). For all the sleep-related variables, the degree of changes varied by sociodemographic subgroups. ConclusionsIn this nationally representative survey of the Chinese population, the average sleep duration slightly decreased from 2010 to 2016, and then remained stable from 2016 to 2018. Poor sleep quality, and high sleep debt increased among most of the sociodemographic subgroups. Future studies are needed to understand the drivers of changes in sleep health among Chinese adults.

Racial/ethnic and sex differences in the association between light at night and actigraphy-measured sleep duration in adults: NHANES 2011-2014

ObjectiveHistorically minoritized individuals experience greater exposure to light at night, yet it is unclear whether the association between light at night and sleep duration vary by race/ethnicity or sex. We examined the association between light at night and sleep duration by race/ethnicity and sex. MethodsParticipants (N = 6089, mean age=49.5, 52% women, 13% Asian, 27% Black, 14% Mexican, 46% White) in the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey underwent 9-day of actigraphy. Light at night was defined as light exposure within the 5-hour activity nadir (L5). Sleep duration within a 24-hour period was analyzed as short (<7 hours) or long (>9 hours) compared to recommended (≥7 and <9 hours). Poisson models were fit to estimate the association between light at night and sleep duration after adjustment for covariates. ResultsLight at night was most common among Black participants, who also had the shortest sleep duration. Overall, light at night was associated with 80% higher prevalence of short sleep duration [1.80 (1.49, 2.18)]. Compared to no-light at night, low and high light at night were associated with higher prevalence of short sleep duration, [1.61 (1.31, 1.98) and 2.01 (1.66, 2.44), respectively]. Associations varied by race/ethnicity and sex. Light at night was associated with shorter sleep duration in Black, Mexican and White females and Mexican and White males only. Black males exposed to light at night vs. no-light at night had lower prevalence of long sleep duration. There were no associations between light at night and sleep duration among Asian participants. ConclusionLight at night was associated with shorter sleep duration, particularly among females. Targeting light exposure may help to improve sleep duration.

Are some children genetically predisposed to poor sleep? A polygenic risk study in the general population.

Twin studies show moderate heritability of sleep traits: 40% for insomnia symptoms and 46% for sleep duration. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic variants involved in insomnia and sleep duration in adults, but it is unknown whether these variants affect sleep during early development. We assessed whether polygenic risk scores for insomnia (PRS-I) and sleep duration (PRS-SD) affect sleep throughout early childhood to adolescence. We included 2,458 children of European ancestry (51% girls). Insomnia-related items of the Child Behavior Checklist were reported by mothers at child's age 1.5, 3, and 6 years. At 10-15 years, the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children and actigraphy were assessed in a subsample (N = 975). Standardized PRS-I and PRS-SD (higher scores indicate genetic susceptibility for insomnia and longer sleep duration, respectively) were computed at multiple p-value thresholds based on largest GWAS to date. Children with higher PRS-I had more insomnia-related sleep problems between 1.5 and 15 years (BPRS-I < 0.001 = .09, 95% CI: 0.05; 0.14). PRS-SD was not associated with mother-reported sleep problems. A higher PRS-SD was in turn associated with longer actigraphically estimated sleep duration (BPRS-SD < 5e08 = .05, 95% CI: 0.001; 0.09) and more wake after sleep onset (BPRS-SD < 0.005 = .25, 95% CI: 0.04; 0.47) at 10-15 years, but these associations did not survive multiple testing correction. Children who are genetically predisposed to insomnia have more insomnia-like sleep problems, whereas those who are genetically predisposed to longer sleep have longer sleep duration, but are also more awake during the night in adolescence. This indicates that polygenic risk for sleep traits, based on GWAS in adults, affects sleep already in children.

Genome-wide association studies and cross-population meta-analyses investigating short and long sleep duration

Sleep duration has been linked to a wide range of negative health outcomes and to reduced life expectancy. We present genome-wide association studies of short ( ≤ 5 h) and long ( ≥ 10 h) sleep duration in adults of European (N = 445,966), African (N = 27,785), East Asian (N = 3141), and admixed-American (N = 16,250) ancestry from UK Biobank and the Million Veteran Programme. In a cross-population meta-analysis, we identify 84 independent loci for short sleep and 1 for long sleep. We estimate SNP-based heritability for both sleep traits in each ancestry based on population derived linkage disequilibrium (LD) scores using cov-LDSC. We identify positive genetic correlation between short and long sleep traits (rg = 0.16 ± 0.04; p = 0.0002), as well as similar patterns of genetic correlation with other psychiatric and cardiometabolic phenotypes. Mendelian randomisation reveals a directional causal relationship between short sleep and depression, and a bidirectional causal relationship between long sleep and depression.

0896 Predictors of Total Sleep Duration in Adults with Epilepsy

Abstract Introduction Sleep deprivation is a common seizure trigger in adults with epilepsy (AWE). Yet, few prospective studies explore the relationship between seizure control and sleep duration. We studied factors associated with sleep duration in AWE participating in a prospective, cross sectional study investigating prevalence of sleep disorders. We hypothesized seizure frequency would be inversely associated with sleep duration. Methods Participants were AWE with quantifiable seizures who completed PSG, validated instruments and seizure/sleep diaries for at least 7 days in whom prior knowledge of sleep disorder symptoms was unknown. Linear regression models were fit for Total Sleep Duration (TSD; average sleep duration during the major sleep period) and 24-hour TSD (TSD24; average sleep duration during the major sleep period + daytime naps). Independent variables were monthly seizure frequency excluding auras(MSF), monthly generalized seizure frequency(GSF), epilepsy classification (focal vs. generalized), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) and Insomnia Severity Index(ISI) scores, age, sex, body mass index(BMI), anti-seizure medication(ASM) number and standardized dose and apnea hypopnea index(AHI). Analyses were performed based on significance level 0.05, using SAS (version 9.4, Cary, NC). Results The sample included 126 participants (age 37.5(IQR:28,49), 67.5% female, BMI 28.0(IQR:24.0,32.3), 74.6% focal epilepsy). TSD was 7.5 + 1.9hr and TSD24 7.5 + 1.9hr. Median MSF was 0.5(IQR:0.0,4.0) with 75% having &amp;gt;1 seizure/mo. Median GSF was 0.75 + 9.1 with 19% having &amp;gt;1/mo. Median standardized ASM dose was 1.8(IQR:0.8,2.5) and 46.8% took monotherapy. After adjustment, female sex and ISI were inversely associated with TSD (female sex -1.01, 95%CI[-1.56,-0.17]; ISI -0.09, 95%CI[-0.15,-0.02]) and TSD24 (female sex -1.44, 95%CI[-2052,-0.37]; ISI -0.09, 95%CI[-0.17,-0.01]). GSF&amp;gt;1 was associated with longer TSD24 than those with GSF &amp;lt; 1(2.26, 95%CI[1.03,3.50] vs. 0.43, 95%CI[-0.49,1.35]). With every 1-unit increase in GSF, TSD24 increased 0.22hr(coefficient 0.22, 95%CI[0.07,0.36]). Other epilepsy-related variables were not associated with sleep duration. Conclusion In this first detailed analysis of TSD in AWE, female sex and higher insomnia severity were associated with shorter TSD and TSD24, and higher GSF was associated with longer TSD24. Neither TSD nor TSD24 were associated with MSF. These findings may inform future studies investigating sleep in AWE. Support (if any)

0381 Adverse Childhood Experiences Associated with Adult Sleep Duration, Control Over Sleep, and Daytime Sleepiness

Abstract Introduction Adverse childhood events have been linked with many mental and physical health risks, but less work has explored nighttime and daytime sleep problems, especially inability to control sleep. Methods Data were obtained from the Sleep and Healthy Activity, Diet, Environment, and Socialization (SHADES) study of N=1007 adults aged 22-60 years recruited from communities in southeastern Pennsylvania. Adverse childhood experiences were defined as a self-reported history of child abuse, parent divorce, parent death, parent with depression, parent with anxiety disorder, and childhood poverty (yes/no). Habitual sleep duration was assessed in hours, daytime sleepiness was assessed with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and control over sleep was assessed with the Brief Index of Sleep Control (BRISC). Covariates included age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education. Additional models included depression severity, assessed using a modified version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results History of child abuse was associated with 23 fewer minutes of nighttime sleep (p=0.001), and parent anxiety was associated with 15 fewer minutes (p=0.048). When depression was added to the model, the effects for sleep duration were attenuated (15.3 minutes, p=0.03). No other relationships were observed. Regarding control over nighttime sleep, decreased sense of control was reported by those who experienced child abuse (B=-0.4, p&amp;lt; 0.0005), parent divorce (B=-0.1, p=0.035), and parent depression (B=-0.2, p=0.02). After adjusting for depression, the relationship with child abuse was attenuated but maintained (B=-0.2, p&amp;lt; 0.0005). Elevated ESS scores were seen in those who reported child abuse (B=4.7, p&amp;lt; 0.0005), parent depression (B=4.3, p&amp;lt; 0.0005), and parent anxiety (B=3.9, p&amp;lt; 0.0005). After adjusting for depression, relationships were attenuated but maintained for child abuse (B=2.0, p=0.02), parent depression (B=2.2, p=0.004), and parent anxiety (B=2.2, p=0.017). Conclusion Adverse childhood events may lead to sleep/wake dysregulation, including less sleep at night, more sleepiness during the day, and decreased sense of control over sleep ability. Future efforts might focus on increasing control over nighttime sleep and reducing daytime sleepiness. Support (if any)

The Relationship between Nomophobia, Insomnia, Chronotype, Phone in Proximity, Screen Time, and Sleep Duration in Adults: A Mobile Phone App-Assisted Cross-Sectional Study.

Earlier studies that have investigated the association between nomophobia and insomnia revealed that a strong relationship exists between both variables. This study aimed to explore possible associations between these variables and their impact on physical and mental health outcomes using a cross-sectional study design and mobile phone apps to collect data. Using a survey approach, data were collected from 444 participants (52% female, mean age 34 ± 12) using the Nomophobia Questionnaire (NMP-Q), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) and three Android mobile phone apps. The Plees Tracker, screen time, and pedometer apps aided in collecting data on sleep duration, time spent on screen per day, and how close the phone was to the person. A statistically significant association was noted between nomophobia and insomnia, nomophobia and the eveningness chronotype, and nomophobia and screen time. The eveningness chronotype was also associated with an increased screen time use. The results show that NMP-Q, ISI, and screen time increase according to the chronotype. No statistically significant differences were noted in daily steps or sleep duration according to chronotype. The findings suggest that interventions targeting nomophobia may be beneficial in addressing insomnia among adults, particularly those with an evening chronotype. Future studies should consider exploring the causal relationship between them.

Association of Sleep Duration and Self-Reported Insomnia Symptoms with Metabolic Syndrome Components among Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

The study aimed to explore the association between sleep duration, insomnia symptoms and the components of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among middle-aged and older adults. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five community health centers and physical check-up centers of two comprehensive hospitals in Guangdong. We recruited 1252 participants (658 female), aged 40–96 years and with a body mass index (BMI) of 16.26–35.56 kg/m2. MetS was assessed based on the guidelines of the International Diabetes Federation. Self-reported sleep duration was evaluated by a simplified questionnaire. Compared with the participants who slept 6–8 h/day, those who slept shorter (<6 h/day) or longer (>8 h/day) periods of time with or without insomnia symptoms had significantly increased odds ratios (ORs) of high blood pressure (except for the SBP in model 2) and high triglycerides (TGs) in all models (p < 0.05), whereas the participants who slept longer (>8 h/day) or shorter (<6 h/day) periods of time with insomnia symptoms had significantly increased ORs of low HDL-C in all models (p < 0.05), but non-significant in those without insomnia symptoms. BMI is significant for insomnia symptoms but not for sleep duration. Our study indicated that the association of sleep duration with MetS components was partially associated with insomnia symptoms. These findings have significant implications to explore the appropriate sleep duration for adults.

Associations of α-linolenic acid dietary intake with very short sleep duration in adults.

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the association of α-linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3 ω-3) dietary intake with very short sleep duration (<5 h) in adults based on the CDC's National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data.MethodsMultinomial logistic regression was used to explore the association of ALA intake with very short sleep. To make the estimation more robust, bootstrap methods of 1,000 replications were performed. Rolling window method was used to investigate the trend of the odds ratios of very short sleep with age. A Kruskal–Wallis test was applied to estimate the differences in the ORs of very short sleep between genders and different age groups.ResultsCompared with the first tertile, the ORs of very short sleep and the corresponding 95% CIs for the second and the third tertile of dietary ALA intake in males were 0.618 (0.612, 0.624) and 0.544 (0.538, 0.551), respectively, and in females were 0.575 (0.612, 0.624) and 0.432 (0.427, 0.437). In most cases, the differences between different ages were more significant than those between different sexes. Men's very short sleep odds ratios for the second tertile of ALA intake increased linearly with age before 60.ConclusionsThe risk of a very short sleep duration was negatively related to the dietary intake of ALA. The effect of ALA on very short sleep is significantly different among groups of different genders and ages.

성인의 수면시간과 건강행태, 신체활동 및 건강관련 삶의 질과의 관련성

Objectives: This study was to examine association of health behavior, physical activity, health related quality of life and sleep duration in korean adults. Methods: The analysis was conducted on 11,266 of adults aged 19 and over from the national health and nutrition examination survey for two years from 2019 to 2020. Association of health behavior(self-rated health, smoking, alcohol drinking and stress perception), physical activity(walking excercisem, muscle excercise), health-related quality of life and sleep duration was analyzed with χ 2-test and binominal logistic regression analysis using SPSS 22.0. Results: Factors related to adult sleep duration were self-rated health(p&lt;0.001) and stress perception(p&lt;0.001). Also, the group that got adequate sleep had higher health-related quality of life scores than the group that did not(p&lt;0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest that sleep duration is closely related to self-rated health, stress perception and health-related quality of life, which will be able to used as basic data for developing quality of sleep improvement programs for adults.

Is Icelanders' sleep duration getting shorter? Review on sleep duration and sleeping habits

Sleep health promotion is an ever-increasing subject of public discourse in Iceland. Prominent claims made include that the duration of sleep among Icelanders is shortening, and that changing sleeping habits constitute a significant public health risk. Like many aspects of healthcare, commercial interests and sales hype can skew perception. This review article will seek to shed light on the scientific background of these statements. International meta-analysis suggests there has been little change in sleep duration in adults over the past century. The duration of childrens sleep has shortened, but the consequences of this are not yet well established. Significant shortening of the sleep of adult Icelanders has not been demonstrated. No difference in sleep duration is found between Icelandic adults and adolescents and comparable groups in neighboring countries. The measurement methods that are used when comparing sleep studies are variable and can lead to different results. Associations have been established between sleep duration and adverse health outcomes, both physical and mental, but causality has not yet been established, and potential important mediators of the relationships are discussed. The circadian sleep phase of Icelanders is generally delayed relative to neighbors, likely related to Iceland's diurnal length variation at sub-Arctic latitudes and longitudinal discrepancies between natural light and local time.

Factors associated with habitual sleep duration in US adults with hypertension: a cross-sectional study of the 2015\u20132018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

BackgroundThe relationship between inadequate sleep duration and hypertension risk has been established in the general population, but there is a gap in the literature on predictors of habitual sleep duration in adults with hypertension. This study examined factors associated with habitual sleep duration among adults with hypertension in the United States (US).MethodsData of 5660 adults with hypertension were obtained by combining the 2015–2018 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Survey weighted multinomial logistic regression models were fit to examine factors associated with short (< 7 h) and long (> 9 h) sleep duration with adequate sleep duration (7–9 h) as the reference.ResultsThe prevalence of self-reported adequate sleep duration was 65.7%, while short sleep duration was 23.6%, and long sleep duration 10.7%. Short sleep duration (compared to adequate sleep duration) was positively associated with history of seeking help for sleeping difficulties (relative risk ratio [RRR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.53), Non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity (RRR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.61–2.67), working ≥45 h/week (RRR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.32–2.48), and negatively associated with older age ≥ 65 years (RRR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.45–0.91) and female gender (RRR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.56–0.88). Long sleep duration was positively associated with female gender (RRR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.001–1.54), chronic kidney disease (RRR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.14–1.92), moderate depressive symptoms (RRR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.08–2.44), moderately severe to severe depressive symptoms (RRR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.05–3.43), being in retirement (RRR, 3.46; 95% CI, 2.18–5.49), and not working due to health reasons (RRR, 4.87; 95% CI, 2.89–8.22) or other reasons (RRR, 3.29; 95% CI, 1.84–5.88).ConclusionThis population-based study identified factors independently associated with habitual sleep duration in adults with hypertension. These included help-seeking for sleeping difficulty, gender, age, chronic kidney disease, depressive symptoms, race/ethnicity, and employment status. These findings can help in the development of tailored approaches for promoting adequate sleep duration in adults with hypertension.

Recent cannabis use and nightly sleep duration in adults: a population analysis of the NHANES from 2005 to 2018

BackgroundWhile popularly consumed for its perceived benefits as a sleeping aid, the impact of cannabis on sleep-wake regulation in clinical studies is inconclusive. The purpose of this study was to...

Prevalence and predictors of under or overestimation sleep duration in adults: The ELSA-Brasil study

ObjectiveEvery one-hour change in sleep duration (SDUR) has a dose-response impact on cardiovascular disease and mortality. However, self-reported SDUR may not represent the real sleep time in a significant proportion of the adult population. This study was designed to determine the frequency of potential SDUR under/overestimation when comparing subjective versus objective SDUR data. MethodsConsecutive adults from the ELSA-Brasil study collected subjective SDUR and underwent wrist actigraphy for seven days. We defined SDUR underestimation (underSDUR) and overestimation (overSDUR) when the differences between subjective and objective SDUR reached at least -1/+1-hour, respectively. We performed multinomial logistic regression analyses to identify independent factors of under- and overSDUR. ResultsData from 2,036 participants were used in the final analysis (42.7% males; age: 49±8 years). The frequency of underSDUR and overSDUR were 19.4% and 19.7%, respectively. The predictors of underSDUR included black race (OR: 1.65; 95% CI: 1.79–3.93), mixed-race (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.20–2.38); daytime sleepiness (OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.05–1.80); longer objective SDUR (OR: 3.00; 95% CI: 2.54–3.56); longer wake time after sleep onset time, WASO (OR: 2.19; 95% CI: 1.22–3.95), and moderate/severe insomnia (OR: 2.54; 95% CI: 1.78–3.63). Longer WASO (OR: 2.26; 95% CI: 1.33–3.82), and a higher number of awakenings (OR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.00–1.03) were independently associated with overSDUR. ConclusionsWe found a significant rate of SDUR under/overestimation when comparing subjective versus objective data. While underSDUR was independently associated with black/mixed race, daytime sleepiness, longer SDUR and WASO, overSDUR was specifically associated with markers of sleep fragmentation.