Sleep Disorders In Adolescents Research Articles

Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of sleep disorders in adolescents

Background: Sleep is vital for adolescents’ physical and emotional development; however, sleep disturbances and disorders frequently occur in this age group and affect their health and well-being. In this review, we investigated the prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, clinical characteristics, and treatment of sleep disorders observed among adolescents.Current Concepts: The diagnostic criteria for insomnia disorder among adolescents include difficulties in falling asleep, maintaining sleep, or waking up too early and feeling unrefreshed, which are observed at least 3 days per week over 3 or more months. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia typically includes identifying and addressing negative thoughts and behaviors associated with sleep and establishing a consistent sleep-wake schedule. Delayed sleep phase syndrome is diagnosed in individuals in whom sleep onset and wake times are persistently delayed by 2 or more hours beyond the desired or existing sleep schedule, which leads to excessive daytime sleepiness or impaired functioning. Behavioral interventions comprise sleep hygiene education, relaxation techniques, and phototherapy. Symptoms such as pronounced snoring, apnea observed by others, and gasping or pauses in breathing during sleep may indicate sleep apnea. Continuous positive airway pressure therapy is an effective treatment strategy for sleep apnea. A history of excessive daytime sleepiness and cataplexy suggests narcolepsy, and treatment options include pharmacotherapy, behavior modification, and lifestyle adjustments. Restless leg syndrome treatments include behavioral therapy, as well as anticonvulsant and dopamine receptor agonist administration.Discussion and Conclusion: Addressing sleep disorders is important to promote optimal health and well-being of adolescents and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Early detection, accurate diagnosis, and individualized treatment improve sleep and overall health outcomes and promote academic and social success.

Ergenlik Döneminde Uyku Bozuklukları

Sleep disorders during adolescence period increase each year and adversely affect the physical and mental health of adolescents. After-school social activities and various work outside the school may cause delays in bedtime. In addition, there can be shifts in the circadian rhythm due to a number of biological changes seen in the transition to adolescence, which can result in a wide range of sleep problems, such as not being able to fall asleep at night, difficulty waking up in the morning, daytime sleepiness, sleep deprivation and deterioration in sleep quality. It is important to know the causes of sleep disorders, possible effects on physical health and mental health, and protective and risk-forming factors seen in adolescent period; to intervene in these disorders and to develop preventive measures. Preventive measures, such as increasing awareness about sleep disorders in adolescents, informing families and adolescents about the issue, and organizing school start-up times for this age group, may contribute significantly to solving this important issue, which has increased year-to-year.

Epidemiology of Sleep Disorders Among Adolescents in Kerman, Iran, in 2019

ABSTRACT It is an important fact that the onset of adolescence is a time of both physiological and social changes that affect sleep. In this study, the prevalence of sleep disorders in adolescents and the association between them were investigated. Anthropometric dimensions (such as height and weight) of individuals in Kerman in 2019 were also assessed. A total of 451 adolescents (mean age: 14.72 years; 51.88% females) of Kerman, Iran, took part in this cross-sectional study. Participants completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and then demographic (age, gender) and anthropometric data (weight and height) were collected. The prevalence of sleep disorders in this population was 31.9%. Among those with self-rated sleep disorders, 53.5% were males. Participants with sleep disorders were younger and showed lower anthropometric values such as height, weight, and body mass index. However, there was no difference between sleep disorders and gender (P-value > .05). This study revealed a relatively high prevalence of sleep disorders among adolescents. This research was done with the aim of encouraging the healthcare organization to design educational programs to evaluate and reduce sleep disorders.

Hubungan Durasi Penggunaan Media Sosial dengan Gangguan Kualitas Tidur Remaja di SMP Negeri 1 Mengwi

The use of social media does have many advantages. But there are some bad effects that accompany it, one of which is sleep quality disturbances. A study shows that use of social media at night affects the quality of sleep worse, causing anxiety disorders, depression and self-esteem. Diagnosis of sleep disorders in adolescents is difficult because it is not often complained about by adolescents. In addition, when adolescents sleep disorders are no longer a concern for parents. In a study conducted by Haryono on junior high school students with 140 respondents, it was found that 63.6% experienced sleep disorders. This study aims to prove that there is a relationship between social media use and adolescent sleep quality disorders at SMP Negeri 1 Mengwi.
 This study used a cross sectional approach in which the independent and dependent variables were collected at one time and at the same time. The sample in this study amounted to 79 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
 From the results of the Correlation analysis test, it got a p value <0.05 with a correlation coefficient of 0.633 which indicates a strong positive relationship between the duration of social media use and the quality of sleep of the respondents.
 Based on the results of the research and discussion carried out, it can be concluded that there is a significant relationship between the duration of social media use and sleep quality in adolescents at SMP Negeri 1 Mengwi.
 Keywords: Social media, sleep quality disturbance, adolescent sleep quality

The relationship between internet addiction and sleep disorders in adolescents of Central Siberia in different types of consumed content

To establish the relationship between disturbances of the regime and quality of night sleep and daytime sleepiness in adolescents from Central Siberia with internet addiction with different types of content consumed. A single cross-sectional observational study of a school sample in three large cities in Siberia was performed. The study included 4615 schoolchildren aged 12-18 years (46.2% boys and 53.8% girls, average age 14.58±0.02 years). To identify Internet addiction and its types the following tests were used: the Chen scale (CIAS), adapted by V.L. Malygin and K.A. Feklisov; Russian-language versions of the Game Addiction Scale for Adolescents and the Social Media Disorder Scale. Questions from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to assess nighttime sleep. Daytime sleepiness was assessed by the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). Adolescents with Internet addiction are characterized by late going to bed (p<0.001), late awakening (p=0.016), a decrease in the duration of night sleep (p=0.004), an increase in the time to fall asleep and frequent nighttime awakenings (p=0.017), and more pronounced daytime sleepiness (p<0.001). Internet-addicted adolescents are characterized by significant disturbances in the quality of night sleep, which requires appropriate psychological and pedagogical correction.

FACTORS THAT AFFECTING SLEEP QUALITY IN ADOLESCENTS AT TEGAL CITY

Adolescent sleep problems should be considered as a longstanding health problem in society. One group that is at high risk of experiencing sleep disorders is adolescents. This is because in adolescents there are changes in sleep patterns including insufficient sleep duration, delayed sleep time, and differences in sleep patterns on weekdays and weekends, so the quality of adolescent sleep tends to decrease. The results of sleep deprivation can, among other things, affect the physical, mental, emotional and social development of adolescents, including brain maturity and decision-making skills. The problem of sleep disorders in adolescents is difficult to enforce, this is because sleep disorders are often not conveyed by adolescents. The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of sleep problems and the factors that influence the quality of adolescents (18-21 years) in Tegal City. This study used a cross-sectional descriptive analytic method with 217 respondents as the sample of the study from Tegal Nursing D3 students. Collecting data through google form and using the Indonesian version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, the Mornignness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ). The results showed that there was a relationship between sleep quality and chronotype type (p value: 0.00 a = 0.000). Recommendations for adolescents need education about disturbances in adolescent sleep quality

Prevalence of Sleep Disorders in Adolescents and its Relation with Screen Time during the COVID-19 Pandemic Era

BACKGROUND: Sleep disorders encompass disturbances in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep. Several factors have contributed to sleep disorders in adolescents, including the use of electronic devices. In the COVID-19 pandemic era, there is a rising trend of screen time. AIM: The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of sleep disorders in adolescents and its relation with screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic era. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving students aged 15–18 years at three State High School, Denpasar, and Santo Yoseph Senior High School, Denpasar, in August 2020, using purposive sampling method. Data collections on characteristics of the subjects and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were performed using Google Forms. Statistical analysis was performed using Chi-square test. RESULTS: A total of 243 students participated in this study, of which 39 students were excluded due to chronic diseases and consumption of caffeine within 6 h before bedtime. Sleep disorder was found in 30.4% of subjects and mostly characterized by sleep duration of &lt;8 h (62.9%). Analysis of the association between screen time and sleep disorders showed a significant result (PR = 3.8, 95%CI = 1.09–13.1, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of sleep disorders in adolescents is considerably high. There is an association between screen time and sleep disorders that occur in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic era.

Internet addiction and excessive daytime sleepiness in adolescents

IntroductionInternet addiction (IA) is associated with personal peculiarities, psychosocial characteristics, and physiological factors. Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is one of the most common sleep disorders in adolescents associated with social behavior patterns.ObjectivesTo evaluate the association of IA with EDS in Siberian adolescents.Methods4637 urban Siberian (Krasnoyarsk, Abakan) school-based adolescents (aged 12-18; boys/girl ratio 2215/2422) were tested with Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS). Internet users were categorized into three groups: adaptive Internet users (AIU) (scoring 27–42); maladaptive Internet users (MIU) (scoring 43–64); and pathological Internet users (PIU) (scoring ≥65). EDS was assessed by Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS); cutoffs for EDS were PDSS 95% percentiles for each age group: 12 y.o. – 20 points, 13 y.o. – 21 points, 14-16 y.o. – 22 points, 17-18 y.o. – 23 points. Quantitative data are shown as median (25-75% quartiles). Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used.ResultsEDS prevalence increase with IA severity: AIU group (n=2402) – 1.4%, MIU group (n=1905) – 3%, and PIU group (n=330) – 12.4% (pAIU-MIU=0.001; pAIU-PIU&lt;0.001; pMIU-PIU&lt;0.001). Positive association was detected between IA severity and PDSS score: AIU group – 10 (6-13), MIU group – 14 (10-17), and PIU group – 17 (13-21), p(K-W)&lt;0.001).ConclusionsEDS is associated with IA in Siberian adolescents. The possible explanations of this relation may be: (1) the higher rate of night activity, (2) night sleep disturbances and (3) the presence of common pathogenic factors in IA and EDS, such as personality characteristics, depression, anxiety. The study was funded by RFBR project № 18-29-2203219.Conflict of interestThe reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-29-22032\19.

Association Between Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Sleep Disturbance in Adolescents.

IntroductionSleep disorder in adolescents is a problem that is rarely considered by both parents and healthcare professionals. Ignorance of sleep disorders is likely caused by the very rare occurrence of associated sporadic or emergency cases. Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain and changes in the defecation pattern. Previous research has demonstrated IBS as one of the many causes of sleep disorders. Difficulty sleeping, frequent awakening, and difficulty returning to sleep after awakening are the symptoms often experienced by adolescents with IBS. The high incidence of IBS in adolescents and the large proportion of sleep disorders in IBS affect the quality of life and disrupt physical development, behaviour, and learning achievement. The relationship between IBS and sleep disorders in adolescents needs to be studied. This study aims to determine the relationship between sleep disorders and IBS in high school adolescents in Palembang.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study conducted on 294 high school adolescents in Palembang in June 2018. Random sampling method was used and the presence of IBS and sleep disturbances were assessed using a questionnaire.ResultsAmong all subjects, we found 113 subjects (38.4%) with IBS. Of these 113 subjects with IBS, only 60 subjects (53.1%) experienced sleep disorders.ConclusionNo correlation found between sleep disorders and IBS in adolescents.

Relationship between overweight, obesity and sleep disorders in adolescents from selected cities of Upper Silesia, Poland.

Overweight and obesity affect an increasing number of children and adolescents in Poland. This excessive body weight usually coexists with sleep disorders and other afflictions, which is worrisome. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and sleep disorders among adolescents and demonstrate their relationships. The study included 1,002 students. Nutritional habits and subjective assessment of sleep were evaluated with the author's survey; daytime sleepiness and sleep quality were assessed with Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and Sleep Quality Scale (SQS). Statistical calculations were performed with the STATISTICA 12.0 programme. 24.7% of adolescents suffered from overweight or obesity, 38% reported sleep problems in subjective assessment, 10.5% exhibited excessive daytime sleepiness, determined by ESS, and 14.3% had impaired quality of sleep as determined by SQS. Gender affected all the discussed problems. Type of school affected all the above, except for daytime sleepiness. In the group with overweight and obesity, 46.6% of individuals reported sleep problems in subjective assessment. About 59.1% of adolescents reported chronic fatigue. Reduced concentration and difficulties in learning were reported in 36.3% of all students, and in 46% of students with overweight and obesity. The problem of excess body weight is a very alarming phenomenon since it affects almost 1/4 of the students. Almost half of the students with overweight and obesity reported sleep problems, which is strongly correlated with the type of school. Furthermore, excess body weight influenced the prevalence of reduced concentration and learning difficulties among adolescents.

The sleep quality and prevalence of sleep disorders in adolescents

The sleep quality and prevalence of sleep disorders in adolescents

Нейробиологические предпосылки к формированию повышенного риска расстройств сна у подростков

Нейробиологические предпосылки к формированию повышенного риска расстройств сна у подростков

Assessment of sleep disorders and proposed percentiles for adolescents.

The objectives of this study included: a) to develop a valid and reliable self-reporting instrument to assess sleep disorders among Chilean adolescent students and b) to develop percentiles for age and sex. This was a descriptive, crosssectional study in 2310 adolescent students conducted in the Maule Region, Chile. The sleep disorder self-report was developed considering five categories: duration, alterations, breathing problems, fatigue, and stimulant use. The instrument was validated using a confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed based on internal consistency. Percentiles were developed using the LMS method (L: lambda, asymmetry; M: mu, median; S: sigma, coefficient of variation). Questions 3, 9, and 12 showed saturation values below 0.40, while the rest had saturation values above 0.41. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of adequacy was 0.749 and the test of sphericity X2 was 4790.09; the percentage of variance accounted for 62.1 %. Cronbach's alpha ranged between 0.71 and 0.76. The self-report developed to measure sleep disorders in adolescents is valid and reliable for its use in health, education, and sports science programs. Percentiles should be used to identify normal patterns and/or sleep disorders by sex and age.

Prevalence and Correlates of Hypersomnolence Symptoms in US Teens.

Recent attention to pervasive sleep deficits in US adolescents has focused on sleep patterns and insomnia, but there are limited data on the prevalence and correlates of hypersomnolence symptoms. The sample included 6,483 adolescents 13 to 18 years of age who were interviewed directly and had parent reports in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), a nationally representative sample of US youth. Information on sleep patterns/symptoms that were collected in the interview was used to determine the population prevalence of DSM-5 criterion A-defined hypersomnolence and component symptoms. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations between sleepiness and sub-symptoms of hypersomnolence with weekday/weekend bedtime, sleep duration, mental disorders, and psychotropic medication use. Of the sample, 41.5% reported feeling sleepy during the daytime and 11.7% met criteria for hypersomnolence. The prevalence of hypersomnolence varied depending on age (p< .001) and was more common in adolescent girls (odds ratio [OR] 1.40, 95% CI 1.09-1.78). Excessive sleepiness and hypersomnolence symptoms were associated with shorter sleep duration and delayed bedtimes on weekdays and weekends Hypersomnolence was significantly associated with insomnia (OR 2.45, 95% CI 1.87-3.21) and mental disorders (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.42-2.77). After accounting for insomnia, hypersomnolence was no longer associated with use of psychotropic medication (OR 1.61, 95% CI 0.97-2.66). Of adolescents with adequate sleep duration, 11.7% still reported symptoms of hypersomnolence. The strong association between hypersomnolence and insomnia suggests that sleep disorders in adolescents can fluctuate between over- and under-sleeping. Potential mechanisms underpinning the strong associations between sleep disturbances and mental disorders should be further pursued and could provide insight into prevention efforts.

Sleep disturbance scale for children as a diagnostic tool for sleep disorders in adolescents

Background. Sleep is an essential needs for every children. Sleep may cause a large effect on mental health, emotional, physical and immune system. If sleeping time is not sufficient, then sleep disturbance may occur. Objective assessment of the sleeping quality can be done by using Polysomnography and Actigraphy, while for assessing the subjectivity of sleeping quality and quantity can be used questionnaires or interviews. Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children or SDSC is a multidimensional sleeping assessment questionnaire.Objective. To determine the quality of sleeping in adolescents using SDSC.Methods. We conducted a diagnostic test study using cross sectional method, during March to April 2015 at the elementary schools in manado. The inclusion criteria were healthy adolescent aged 10 to 12 years, the parents were willing to sign the informed consent and answer the questionnaire, agreed to attach the wristactigraph. All datas were analyzed using chi square test and table 2 x 2 to showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predicitive value and negative predictive value.Results. Of 60 adolescents, 31 were female and 29 were male with the mean age 11.39 years. The results showed the sensitivity of SDSC was 80.6%, the specificity was 37.9%, the positive predictive value was 58.1% and negative predictive value was 64.7%.Conclusions. Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children is a good screening tool for early detection of sleep disorders in a adolescent.

Sleep disorders in adolescents with essential hypertension and emotional-personal status

Sleep disorders in adolescents with essential hypertension and emotional-personal status

Life Threat and Sleep Disturbances in Adolescents: A Two-Year Follow-Up of Survivors From the 2011 Utøya, Norway, Terror Attack.

A significant number of adolescents have been exposed to traumatic life events. However, knowledge about the specific sleep disturbance that occurs in individuals after trauma exposure is predominantly based on studies of adults. This study reports specific sleep disturbance in 42 survivors of the 2011 mass shooting at a youth summer camp on the Norwegian island Utøya, mean age = 20.91 years, SD = 2.32, 62.5% females. When compared with matched controls, significantly more survivors reported having sleep disturbances, 52.4% versus 13.6%, d = 0.93, of which onset began at the time of the shooting, χ2 = 14.9, p < .001. The prevalence of insomnia, 56.3% versus 11.0%, d = 0.73; excessive daytime sleepiness, 34.4% versus 13.6%, d = 0.61; symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea, 18.8% versus 0%, d = 0.70; and frequent nightmares, 37.5% versus 2.3%, d = 0.90, were all higher in the survivors than in the controls. In a subgroup of survivors (n = 20) with psychiatric diagnoses, sleep disturbances were more prevalent than in survivors without psychiatric diagnosis. Actigraphy data revealed delayed bedtime, sleep onset, and rise time in survivors compared with controls, ts > 1.7, ps = .044 to .028. These results corroborate the effects of a life threat on the range and extent of sleep disturbances, and emphasize the need to better assess and treat sleep disorders in adolescents exposed to trauma.

The Association between Physical Activity and Sleep Disorders in Adolescents and Young Adults with Down syndrome: A Questionnaire Study

The high prevalence of sleep disorders is well documented in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Thus, given the robust association between physical activity and sleep disorders in the typical population, more work is needed to examine this association in this population. The total of twenty-nine adolescents and young adults with DS participated in the current study. Parents reported on well-validated questionnaires to measure the levels of physical activity and sleep-related disorders in their children with DS. First, our result indicates that high active participants had lower parental reports of features associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) compared with low active participants. Further, after controlling for age and BMI, the levels of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity showed negative correlations with parental ratings of OSA. Both results suggest physical activity, in particular moderate-tovigorous intensity exercise, may determine the severity of OSA in adolescents and young adults with DS. Therefore, future work should consider the role of physical activity that may reduce the onset of sleep disorders in individuals with DS.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Sleep Disorders in Adolescence

Background: During the past two decades, research has elucidated many aspects of sleep physiology and the importance of sleep in regards to physical and mental health. According to recent epidemiological studies, most adolescents report persistent sleep difficulties that interfere with their daily functioning. Sleep quality is an important public health issue that requires adequate attention from clinicians, parents, and educators. Method: A comprehensive literature review was employed to establish the recommendations in this report. This article provides a review of adolescent sleep physiology and offers various tools to aid in the clinical assessment and treatment of common sleep disorders. It highlights typical sleep changes throughout adolescence and the impact that these changes have on the development of sleep pathology. Results: Chronic sleep loss is commonly reported among teenagers. Understanding the relationship between pubertal development and sleep regulation is essential for establishing clinical guidelines regarding adequate sleep. Benzodiazepine-receptor agonists (BzRAs) and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are the most widely studied treatments for insomnia. In addition, bright light therapy and melatonin administration are often effective in treating circadian rhythm disorders. Sleep hygiene techniques are recommended for individuals with various sleep difficulties, yet there is insufficient data to support them as an evidence-based, standalone treatment. Conclusions: The physiological components of sleep during puberty provide insight into behavioral and psychological changes associated with healthy development. Chronic sleep deprivation, insomnia, and delayed sleep phase disorder are the most common sleep disorders during maturation. Chronic sleep problems during youth can cause an array of symptoms that impact behavioral and psychological functioning. Diagnostic tools are essential to properly detect sleep disorders at early stages. Detecting and treating sleep-related issues among youth can prevent deficits in daily functioning and may halt the progression of psychiatric pathology into adulthood. Keywords: Adolescent, circadian, homeostasis, insomnia, nocturnal, parasomnias, sleep, wakefulness.

Melatonin level and sleep disorders in adolescents

and time of sleep. Decreased melatonin levels have been noted in people with sleep disorders. Melatonin is a neurohormone, produced mainly by the pineal gland, as well as a small part of the retina. Its function is to maintain normal circadian rhythms and it is related to sleep regulation in humans.Objective To assess for a relationship between melatonin levels and sleep disorders in adolescents.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study on students of two secondary schools in Tuminting, Manado, North Sulawesi, from May to June 2013. Subjects were obtained by consecutive sampling for a total of 44 adolescents aged 12-15 years. Subjects filled questionnaires, underwent wrist actigraphy, and provided blood specimens for examination of melatonin levels. We used descriptive and logistic regression analyses to assess for relationships between variables.Results Thirty (68.2%) subjects experienced sleep disorders. There was a significant association between decreased melatonin levels and the higher incidence of sleep disturbances (P = 0.02).Conclusion There is a correlation between melatonin levels in adolescents with sleep disorders. Decreased melatonin levels are associated with sleep disorders.