Sleep Apnea-hypopnea Syndrome Risk Research Articles

Association between adherence to the mediterranean diet, physical activity, and sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) in a middle-aged population with cardiovascular risk: Insights from the ILERVAS cohort

IntroductionSleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (SAHS) is a common sleep disorder influenced by factors like age, gender, and obesity. The Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) and physical activity have shown health benefits in lung diseases, but their effects on SAHS remain underexplored. MethodsIn a cross-sectional analysis of 678 middle-aged individuals with low-to-moderate cardiovascular risk from the ILERVAS cohort, we assessed adherence to the MedDiet and physical activity levels using validated tools. Sleep parameters, SAHS severity, and excessive daytime sleepiness were evaluated through non-attended cardiorespiratory polygraphy and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Multinomial logistic regression models were employed to assess the relationship between MedDiet adherence, physical activity, and SAHS severity. ResultsThe prevalence of severe, moderate, and mild SAHS was 15.5%, 23.2% and 36.1%, respectively. We found no significant associations between adherence to the MedDiet, physical activity levels, and the presence or severity of SAHS. However, we noted a significant interaction between MedDiet and physical activity with minimum SpO2 values (p = 0.049). Notably, consuming more than one serving of red meat per day was independently associated with a higher risk of moderate SAHS [OR = 2.65 (1.29–5.44), p = 0.008]. ConclusionIndividually, MedDiet adherence and physical activity did not show independent correlations with SAHS. However, when considered together, a minimal but significant effect on minimum SpO2 was observed. Additionally, red meat consumption was associated with a moderate risk of SAHS. Further research is necessary to comprehend the intricate connections between lifestyle factors and sleep-breathing disorders, with a focus on personalized approaches for high-risk populations.

566 Persistent Sleep Apnea and Desaturation in Preterm Children at 18 Months of Age at High Altitude (2640 M)

Abstract Introduction Children born at term who live at high altitude (HA) (≥ 2500 m) have different respiratory patterns from those that live at sea level. It is essential to determine these patterns in preterm children due to their high risk of Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome (SAHS). The evolution of the apnea hypopnea index (AHI), desaturation index (ODI), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) is unknown in this group at HA. The objective was to characterize the respiratory patterns during sleep of preterm children living at HA and compare it with those of healthy children born at term. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in Bogotá, Colombia (altitude: 2640 m). We included 302 children, 127 were preterm with an average of gestational age of 31weeks (SD: 2.9) and an average weight at birth of 1600 g (SD: 594) and 175 healthy full-term infants. Three groups were defined according to age: Group I: 3–4 months, Group II: 6–7 months,, Group III: 10–18 months. All children underwent nocturnal polysomnogram to evaluate their respiratory variables: AHI, average and minimum SpO2, ODI, and T90 during sleep and analyzed the data according to the parameters of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine Results 302 polysomnograms were performed, 54.3% were girls and were distributed by groups as follows: Group I:105 patients (34.8%), 16 preterm, Group II: 107 patients (35.4%), 46 preterm and Group III: 90 patients (29.8%), 65 preterm. We observed higher respiratory parameters within each age strata in premature infants compared to children born at term. Preterm infants had higher ODI, AHI, obstructive apnea hypopnea index (O-AHI), and Central Apnea hypopnea index (C-AHI). Although the effect decreases over time, we found a significant difference in the first age group. There was a high persistence index in children with a history of preterm birth living at high altitude. We also found a significant decrease in AHI, ODI across time in healthy and preterm children p<0.01 Conclusion Premature children living at HA persist with higher ODI and AHI compared to children of similar ages born at term. The high desaturation index indicates the presence of intermittent hypoxia that persists in these children over time Support (if any):

Association between Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: A Meta-Analysis of Cohort Study.

Numerous reports have been done to seek the relationship between sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) and the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, definite conclusion has not yet been fully established. We examined whether SAHS increases AF incidence in common population and summarized all existing studies in a meta-analysis. We summarized the current studies by searching related database for potential papers of the association between SAHS and the risk of AF. Studies that reported original data or relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations were included. Sensitivity analyses were performed by omitting each study iteratively and publication bias was detected by Begg's tests. Eight eligible studies met the inclusion criteria. Fixed effects meta-analysis showed that SAHS increased AF risk in the common population (RR = 1.70, 95% CI: 1.53–1.89, P = 0.002, I2 = 69.2%). There was a significant association between mild SAHS and the risk of AF (RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.28–1.79, P = 0.01, I2 = 78.4%), moderate SAHS (RR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.55–2.27, P = 0.017, I2 = 75.6%), and severe SAHS (RR = 2.16, 95% CI: 1.78–2.62, P < 0.001, I2 = 91.0%). The results suggest that sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome could increase the risk of AF, and the higher the severity of SAHS, the higher risk of atrial fibrillation.

Cardiovascular risk and obesity in sleep apnea syndrome assessed with the Stop-Bang questionnaire

IntroductionSleep disorders include a number of different processes, of which the most prevalent is the sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS).Prevalence of SAHS has increased worldwide, and has a significant social and health impact because of the increased cardiometabolic risk attributed to obesity and the associated metabolic syndrome. Material and methodsA cross-sectional epidemiological study of 1110 workers from public service companies in the Spanish Mediterranean area (Balearic Islands and Valencian Community) was conducted between January and December 2015. Cardiovascular risk was calculated using the Castelli, Kannel and TG/HDL indices, and prevalence of obesity using body mass index, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, and visceral fat. SAHS risk was assessed using the Stop-Bang questionnaire. ResultsRisk of SAHS was low in 77% of patients and intermediate-high in 23% of patients. All obesity parameters showed a statistically significant association (p<0.001) with intermediate/high risk of SAHS. Obesity prevalence is higher the worse the quality of sleep. There was a statistically significant relationship between risk of SAHS and cardiovascular risk with the atherogenic indexes found. ConclusionsTwenty-three percent of workers had intermediate/high SAHS risk. The results of this study support the relationship of SAHS with an increased CVR and with obesity parameters.Further prospective studies in different productive sectors may be useful to confirm the results of this research.

Riesgo cardiovascular y obesidad en el síndrome de apnea del sueño valorado con el cuestionario Stop-Bang

IntroductionSleep disorders include a number of different processes, of which the most prevalent is the sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS).Prevalence of SAHS has increased worldwide, and has a significant social and health impact because of the increased cardiometabolic risk attributed to obesity and the associated metabolic syndrome. Material and methodsA cross-sectional epidemiological study of 1110 workers from public service companies in the Spanish Mediterranean area (Balearic Islands and Valencian Community) was conducted between January and December 2015. Cardiovascular risk was calculated using the Castelli, Kannel and TG/HDL indices, and prevalence of obesity using body mass index, waist circumference, waist-height ratio, and visceral fat. SAHS risk was assessed using the Stop-Bang questionnaire. ResultsRisk of SAHS was low in 77% of patients and intermediate-high in 23% of patients. All obesity parameters showed a statistically significant association (p value <.001) with intermediate/high risk of SAHS. Obesity prevalence is higher the worse the quality of sleep. There was a statistically significant relationship between risk of SAHS and cardiovascular risk with the atherogenic indexes found. ConclusionsTwenty-three percent of workers had intermediate/high SAHS risk. The results of this study support the relationship of SAHS with an increased CVR and with obesity parameters.Further prospective studies in different productive sectors may be useful to confirm the results of this research.

Assessment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome risk at the end of pregnancy using the Berlin Questionnaire

Objective: To assess the risk of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and related factors at the end of pregnancy using the Berlin questionnaire.Methods: A total of 367 women at the end of pregnancy (median gestational age 39 weeks) were interviewed with the Berlin questionnaire and a general survey containing maternal socio-demographic and anthropometric information. Neonatal outcome data were also assessed.Results: Median age for the whole sample was 31 years. According to the Berlin questionnaire, 39.8% were positive for high risk of OSAHS. Upon bivariate analysis, higher risk of OSAHS was significantly related to church attendance, and higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), current BMI, weight, neck and arm circumference and systolic blood pressure at survey. Logistic regression analysis found that higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (OR 2.71 95% CI 1.84–4.00, p < 0.0001) and higher maternal weight at survey (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.78–5.17, p < 0.0001) were significantly related to a higher risk of OSAHS.Conclusion: The risk of OSAHS is relatively high at the end of pregnancy and related to a higher pre-pregnancy BMI and higher maternal weight at survey. Further studies are needed to confirm our results with a diagnostic tool, such as polysomnography or another similar yet less complicated to carry out procedure.

Uso secuencial de la pulsioximetría nocturna y la poligrafía respiratoria (AutoSet®) para el diagnóstico del síndrome de apneas-hipopneas durante el sueño en pacientes con alta sospecha clínica

To construct an algorithm for the diagnosis of sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) based on the optimized sequential use of nocturnal pulse oximetry and respiratory polygraphy (AutoSet, AS) in patients suspected of SAHS. Simultaneous performance of pulse oximetry and AS in 145 patients highly suspected of SAHS (at least two of the following signs or symptoms: chronic snoring, observations of repeated apneic events, and abnormal daytime drowsiness). SAHS was diagnosed when the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) was greater than or equal to 10, based on AS findings. The diagnostic algorithm was obtained by calculating the prevalence of SAHS, calculating the best diagnostic cutoff point for a desaturation index greater than or equal to 4% (ID4%) based on the AHI; analyzing the positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) for the cutoff and the correlation and agreement between ID4% and the AHI depending on the presence and severity of SAHS. The overall prevalence of SAHS was 83.4%. The best cutoff point was obtained using ID4% greater than or equal to 10 (sensitivity 82%; specificity 83%). The PPV and NPV for the prevalence calculated were 0.95 and 0.29, respectively. The correlation between ID4% and AHI was 0.84; overall agreement was 0.93. For patients who did not have SAHS, the PPV was 0.49, and the NPV was 0.35; both gradually increased in cases of mild, moderate and severe SAHS (to 0.90 and 0.95, respectively, for severe SAHS). Using these data we created a diagnostic algorithm according to which an ID4% greater than or equal to 30 for nocturnal pulse oximetry (sensitivity 72%, specificity 100%) would indicate that AS testing would be unnecessary. An ID4% less than 30, on the other hand, would lead to further testing (AS, or polysomnography in the event of a negative AS), based on the high prevalence of SAHS in our series. The sequential use of nocturnal pulse oximetry and AS allows substantial savings of polysomnographic testing in groups at high risk of SAHS.

Prevalencia del síndrome de apnea-hipopnea del sueño en conductores profesionales de largo recorrido

Sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) has been associated with traffic accidents. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of SAHS and analyze risk factors. We studied 163 professional drivers (86.7%) of the 188 employed by 25 participating companies. The subjects completed a questionnaire on SAHS symptoms and risk factors and underwent physical examination and conventional nighttime polysomnographic testing. The prevalence of an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ( 5 was 25.2% (95% CI 18.7-32.5) among the drivers. The prevalence of SAHS was 8.6% (95% CI 3.4-12.1). The prevalence increased with age (p = 0.012). Sleepiness while driving or habitual snoring had a sensitivity of 67.5%, specificity of 62.6% and a positive predictive value of 38.6% for detecting SAHS. Logistic regression modelling showed that the risk factors were a body mass index over 29 kg/m2 (OR: 3.56, 95% CI 1.53-8.4) and sleepiness while driving (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.303-10.3). These results suggest that detecting SAHS among drivers may be useful for preventing traffic accidents; a questionnaire on SAHS symptoms and objective measures such as polysomnography allow cases to be detected and treated.