Amount Of Sleep Research Articles

Influencing factors of ocular pain in dry eye disease patients at high altitude

AIM: To quantify the severity and frequency of ocular pain in Tibetan plateau patients with dry eye, and to evaluate the related factors affecting ocular pain. METHODS: A retrospective study included 160 cases of dry eye disease (DED) patients who were treated from July 2022 to June 2023. Age, gender, occupation, illness course, anxiety, plateau duration, plateau protection, ocular surface disease index scale (OSDI), break-up time (BUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), conjunctivitis, history of ophthalmic medication, autoimmune disease, the workload of daily near vision range, smoking and overnight stay were obtained via comprehensive ophthalmic assessment, and their duration was followed up. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the related factors affecting ocular pain. RESULTS: Totally 77.5% (124/160) of DED patients had ocular pain, of which the severity of ocular pain was mild, moderate, and severe in 30.0%, 36.3%, and 11.3% of patients, respectively. Frequency of ocular pain was reported occasional, half the time, frequent, and persistent pain in 19.4%, 36.9%, 16.9%, and 4.4%. OSDI score was 19.67±5.70 (13 to 36), and the level of pain was lowly correlated with OSDI (rs=0.316, P<0.001). Logistic regression showed that in plateau DED patients, increased anxiety led to increased severity and frequency of ocular pain [odds ratio (OR)=3.662, 5.613, 2.387, and 4.870; all P<0.05], professional eye protection and improvement of daily sleep quantity decreased pain (OR=0.307, 0.572, 0.418, and 0.789; all P<0.05), while smoking and general protection of plateau did not affect the severity and frequency of ocular pain (all P>0.05). CONCLUSION: Ocular pain is a common complaint in high-altitude DED patients during the pandemic. Anxiety, eye protection, and adequate sleep during the epidemic period are significantly associated with the severity and frequency of ocular pain in patients with plateau DED, while symptoms of DED have relatively little influence on them.

Quality of Sleep and its Impact on the Academic Performance of Undergraduate Medical Students

Introduction: Good quality sleep and adequate amount of sleep are important in order to have better cognitive performance, academic performance and avoid health problems and psychiatric disorders. Sleep disturbance is a distressing and disabling condition that affects many people, and can affect on quality of work and education of students. Thus the aim of the study to assess the factors that contributes to the quality of sleep and its impact on academic performance. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students of KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital from May to June 2024 after taking ethical clearance from KIST Medical College and Teaching Hospital- Institutional Review Committee before collecting data from participants. Subjects were recruited by Non-Probability sampling technique from students of first, second, third and fourth years and were asked to fill the self-reported questionnaires, using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Descriptive statistical analysis was done using Statistical Software for Social Sciences version 16. Results: Out of 280 medical students, 83(29.6%) have poor sleep quality with prevalence among male and female students as 44 (53.01%) and 39(46.99%) respectively. Age, year of study and exam result was found to be statistically significant with p value less than 0.05. Conclusions: This poor sleep quality is directly and indirectly affecting physical and social health as well as the academic performance of the students. Awareness programs concerning the effect of distorted sleep cycle are suggested to be conducted.

The relationship between carbohydrate intake and sleep patterns

BackgroundA healthy dietary habit may contribute to good sleep quality. The present study investigates the correlation between the quality and quantity of daily carbohydrate consumption and poor sleep patterns.MethodsThe exposures of interest included low-and high-quality carbohydrate consumption and total daily carbohydrate consumption. Subjects were classified into four different carbohydrate consumption patterns: Pattern 1 was characterized by high-quality carbohydrates below the median and low-quality carbohydrates above the median; Pattern 2 included both high-and low-quality carbohydrates below the median; Pattern 3 was defined as high-and low-quality carbohydrates above the median; Pattern 4 referred to high-quality carbohydrates above the median and low-quality carbohydrates below the median. The comprehensive sleep patterns included three different sleep behaviors: sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, and snoring, which were used to score sleep patterns. A score ranging from 0 to 1 was classified as having a healthy sleep pattern, while a score between 2 and 3 showed poor sleep patterns. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses were adopted.ResultsIn the multivariate analysis, individuals who consumed more high-quality carbohydrates were linked to a decreased likelihood of experiencing poor sleep patterns [odds ratio (OR) 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62–0.81], while increased consumption of low-quality carbohydrates (OR 1.39; 95%CI 1.20–1.61) and total daily carbohydrates (OR 1.31; 95%CI 1.10–1.57) was related to an elevated risk of poor sleep patterns. Participants who adhered to carbohydrate intake pattern 4 exhibited a 36% lower risk of poor sleep patterns than those who followed carbohydrate intake pattern 1 (OR 0.64; 95%CI 0.56–0.74). There was a positive correlation between elevated added sugar consumption and an increased probability of developing poor sleep patterns. In contrast, an elevated intake of whole grains, fruits, or non-starchy vegetables was related to a decreased likelihood of experiencing poor sleep patterns.ConclusionThe increased consumption of low-quality carbohydrates may heighten the susceptibility to poor sleep patterns, whereas the increased consumption of high-quality carbohydrates may mitigate the risk of developing poor sleep patterns.

Regulation of sleep amount by CRTC1 via transcription ofCrhin mice

The cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) is required for regulation of daily sleep amount, whereas gain-of-function of CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) causes severe insomnia in mice. However, the physiological functions of CRTCs and their downstream target genes in the regulation of sleep amount remain unclear. Here, we use adult brain chimeric (ABC)-expression/knockout platform for somatic genetics analysis of sleep in adult male mice. ABC-expression of constitutively active mutant CRTC1/2CAin the mouse brain neurons significantly reduces the amount of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and/or REMS. Consistent with that SIK3 phosphorylates and inhibits CRTCs, ABC-expression of CRTC1/2/3CArescues the hypersomnia phenotype ofSleepy(Sik3Slp) mice. While ABC-Crtc2KOorCrtc3KOcauses no sleep phenotype, ABC-Crtc1KOor ABC-expression of dominant-negative CRTC (dnCRTC) results in modest reduction of NREMS amount accompanied with elevated NREMS delta power. Moreover, ABC-expression of CRTC1CAor dnCRTC in the excitatory neurons causes bidirectional changes of NREMS/REMS amount and/or NREMS delta power, whereas expression of CRTC1CAin the inhibitory neurons decreases REMS amount and increases NREMS delta power. The ability of CRTC1CAto regulate sleep requires its transactivation domain and CREB-binding domain and is dependent on CREB. Furthermore, we showed that inducible ABC-expression of corticotropin releasing hormone (Crh) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf)–two target genes of CRTCs–significantly reduces daily sleep amount. Notably, ABC-CrhKO, but notBdnfKO, rescues the insomnia phenotype of ABC-CRTC1CAmice. Taken together, these results indicate that CREB-CRTC1 complex regulates daily sleep amount by modulating the transcription ofCrhin the mouse brain neurons.Significance StatementCRTCs function as coactivators for CREB, a transcription factor required for the regulation of daily sleep amount in mice. Here, we found that CRTC1/2/3 function similarly to suppress NREMS and REMS in a CREB-dependent manner. Consistent with that CRTCs are substrates of SIK3 kinase, expression of constitutive active mutant CRTCsCArescue the hypersomnia phenotype ofSleepy(Sik3Slp) mice. Furthermore, we showed that CRTC1 reduces NREMS amount by upregulating the expression of neuropeptide CRH. These results elucidate the mechanism by which CRTCs regulates sleep amount and suggest a potential transcriptional mechanism in the stress-induced sleep/wake regulation.

Sleep Fragmentation Despite Intact Rest-Activity Patterns in Premanifest Huntington's disease: An Actigraphy Study

ObjectiveSleep research in Huntington’s disease (HD) has primarily focused on manifest HD, with significantly less attention given to premanifest HD (Pre-HD). Therefore, we investigated sleep and rest-activity patterns in people with Pre-HD versus healthy controls (HC). MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study including 36 Pre-HD and 48 HC participants. Pre-HD participants were stratified into three groups according to their proximity to estimated diagnosis, using a cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) and current age-based predictive model: NEAR (<9 years to diagnosis), MID (9-15 years to diagnosis) and FAR (>15 years to diagnosis). Sleep and rest-activity patterns were assessed using wrist-worn actigraphy, a sleep diary, and sleep questionnaires. ResultsNEAR and MID groups experienced higher fragmentation index than HC and FAR groups. NEAR and MID groups also exhibited greater WASO than the FAR group. NEAR and MID groups showed lower intra-daily variability (IV) than HC and FAR groups, with the NEAR group also being more active in the most active 10 hours (M10). Groups did not differ on subjective sleep measures, inter-daily stability (IS), sleep regularity index, relative amplitude, or amount of activity in the least active five hours (L5). Considering all Pre-HD participants, fewer years to diagnosis, higher CAG-age-product (CAP) scores (a measure of cumulative exposure to the HD-causing gene mutation) and larger CAG repeat lengths correlated with higher WASO, fragmentation index, L5, IS, and lower sleep efficiency and IV. Higher CAP score correlated with higher M10. ConclusionsDespite intact rest-activity patterns and similar subjective sleep quality to HC, greater sleep fragmentation is a prominent and early feature in Pre-HD. Therefore, reducing sleep fragmentation may be a potential target for sleep intervention in HD. Longitudinal studies using larger samples are needed to assess sleep across the disease spectrum and its impact on clinical outcomes, like cognition.

The effect of altered sleep timing on glycaemic outcomes: Systematic review of human intervention studies.

Alterations in sleep timing can lead to disturbances in glycaemic control, although the evidence is inconsistent. Therefore, this systematic review summarizes results from human intervention studies of altered sleep timing on glycaemic outcomes. As part of a broader search on the effect of altering timing of sleep, physical activity and dietary intake, Medline and Embase were searched from inception to February 2023, and subsequent reference searches were done. With the help of a machine learning-aided program 'ASReview', we selected any type of intervention study in the general adult population, which acutely delayed sleep by ≥2 h for at least one night, while the total time in bed was the same between early and late sleep. Quality assessment was done using the quality assessment tool for quantitative studies. In total, 14 studies (159 adults with normal or increased weight) were identified. Methodological quality was high (n = 4), moderate (n = 7) or low (n = 3). Acute delays of sleep onset showed unfavourable effects in 10 out of 27 measured glycaemic outcomes (one-six studies reported on each outcome) with outcomes mostly measured in the postprandial period, compared to (early) nighttime sleep. Acutely delaying sleep timing might have unfavourable effects on glycaemic outcomes, compared to (early) nighttime sleep. Future research does however need better controlled trials, also measuring and controlling sleep quantity, sleep quality, physical activity and dietary intake, with longer follow-up periods, consistent outcomes and designs and more diverse populations to provide targeted advice regarding the optimal timing for sleep. This review is part of a larger search 'The effect of altering timing of physical activity, sleep and energy intake on glycaemia and Type 2 Diabetes risk in humans', of which the protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database on 27 November 2021 under number: CRD42021287828.

Sleep Hygiene Within the Fire Service: A Narrative Review

ABSTRACT Firefighters are valuable members of society, prioritizing and assisting in public safety. Although the occupation is physically demanding, firefighters are at great risk of cardiovascular disease compared with the general population. Although cardiovascular disease, obesity, and hypertension are preventable, the risk remains prominent in the fire service. Firefighters respond to emergencies throughout the day and night, causing disruptions and insufficient sleep, which may hinder their health and ability to accomplish occupational tasks. Adequate sleep quantity and quality are vital for both cognitive functioning and performance. Decrements in sleep duration or quality may have immediate detrimental impacts on firefighters' ability to perform occupational duties and further increase the risk of injury. Furthermore, poor sleep habits also negatively affect chronic health, heightening the precedented health concerns of this population. Understanding the effects of poor sleep hygiene and how to counteract inadequate sleep may reduce the risk of chronic health problems and allow firefighters to consistently accomplish occupational performance tasks. This narrative review describes the effects of poor sleep and the implication of quality sleep hygiene regimens that may provide the fire service.

Association between sleep and gallstone disease in United States adults: A cross-sectional study

BackgroundBoth gallstone disease and sleep disorders are important public health problems. Few studies to date have investigated the associations between sleep and gallstone disease in humans. This study aimed to assess whether sleep factors (sleep time, sleep amounts, trouble sleeping) were associated with gallstone disease in the United States adults.MethodsThis was a population-based cross-sectional study of US adults, which included data of participants aged over 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) gathered between 2017 and March 2020. The assessment of gallstone disease and sleep factors was based on self-reported data. We used sample-weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models to explore the associations between sleep factors and gallstone disease. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess the interaction between trouble sleeping and interacting factors.ResultsThe prevalence of gallstone disease was 11% among the 9,210 adult participants. Going to bed late on weekdays (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.74) and weekends (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.78), and short sleep duration on weekdays (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.68) were factors associated with increased risk of gallstone disease, and we detected dose-response associations with the restricted cubic spline model (RCS) models, after adjusting for confounders. Presenting trouble sleeping was associated with increased risk of gallstone disease (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.23) and the association was influenced by the presence of thyroid disease (P for interaction = 0.037).ConclusionsOur study results indicate that going to bed late, short sleep duration, and trouble sleeping were associated with increased risk of gallstone disease in a nationally representative sample of adults in the US.

Relationship between actigraphy-derived physical activity, sedentary behaviours and sleep parameters in preschool girls and boys: A cross-sectional study.

The aim of the study was to examine associations between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time with sleep quality and quantity among preschool girls and boys using objective methods. Children (5-6 years old) attending kindergarten were recruited (n = 676). Measures included accelerometer-derived 24-hr activity and sleep for seven consecutive days. Longer time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with higher sleep efficiency both in boys (p < 0.0001) and girls (p = 0447), and with lower Sleep Fragmentation Index in boys (p = 0.0042) and girls (p = 0.0494). Moreover, among boys, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was inversely associated with wakefulness after sleep onset (p = 0.0006), number of awakenings (p = 0.0081) and Fragmentation Index (p = 0.0041), while in girls with sleep duration (p = 0.0405), Movement Index (p = 0.0128) and Sleep Fragmentation Index (p = 0.0494). Longer time spent sedentary was associated with lower sleep efficiency, and higher wakefulness after sleep onset, number of awakenings, Movement Index and Sleep Fragmentation Index-all with p < 0.0001. Furthermore, sedentary time was inversely associated with sleep duration both in boys (p < 0.0001) and girls (p = 0.0006), and directly associated with Fragmentation Index but only in boys (p = 0.0069). Meeting the recommended level of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with better sleep efficiency, lower wakefulness after sleep onset and number of awakenings among boys. All sleep-related variables showed significant differences between quartile groups according to sedentary time (p < 0.05) in both the total group and the boys. The sedentary time had the strongest, negative effect on sleep-related parameters in preschool children, therefore sedentary time reduction may contribute more to improving sleep quality than increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity.

Characterising the inconsistency between perceived and actual sleep and its impact upon cognition and mood

Sleep profoundly influences human behaviour across cognition, affect, and daily experience. This study evaluated how subjective reports and objective measures of sleep capture the interaction between sleep quality and quantity on cognition and affect. We collected subjective sleep reports using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and objective seven-day actigraphy recordings from 83 participants. A test battery, including the Stop Signal, Digit Span, and Emotional Bias Tasks, measured response inhibition, working memory, and affect. Mood was evaluated using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Beck’s Anxiety Inventory. We reveal that subjective sleep reports do not predict objectively measured sleep duration or quality. We demonstrate that objective measures predict cognitive performance on executive function and memory tasks for the upper and lower sleep quartiles, while subjective reports do not. Moreover, we demonstrate that subjective reports, but not objective measures, are strongly predicted by emotional state. These findings suggest that while subjective measures do not accurately index actual sleep, they are a reliable proxy for emotional well-being. We propose that combined subjective and objective measures are required to characterise the multifaceted interaction between sleep, cognition and emotion. We discuss the implications of these findings for understanding the cause-effect relationship of sleep-disturbance in neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Sleep quality, sleep quantity, and sleep timing: contrasts in Austrian and U.S. college students

Sleep quality, sleep quantity, and sleep timing: contrasts in Austrian and U.S. college students

The Influence of Neck Pain and Sleep Quantity on Headache Burden in Service Members With and Without Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: An Observational Study.

Headache is the most overwhelmingly reported symptom following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The upper cervical spine has been implicated in headache etiology, and cervical dysfunction may result in neck pain that influences the experience of headache. Sleep problem is the second most reported symptom following mTBI. We explored the contribution of neck pain (as a potential proxy for cervical dysfunction) on headache burden along with the contribution of sleep quantity following mTBI. Retrospective data from a repository consisting of service members recruited from primary care, with (N = 493) and without a history of mTBI (N = 63), was used for analysis. Portions of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire were used for headache, sleep, and neck pain measures. Demographic and military characteristics that differed between groups were treated as covariates in analyses. Group comparisons revealed significant differences in the expected direction on all measures: mTBI > controls on headache and neck pain; controls > mTBI on sleep quantity. Regression revealed that neck pain accounted for the most variance in headache score, followed by group membership and sleep quantity. When analyzing groups separately, no difference in the pattern of results was revealed in the mTBI group. In the control group, variance in headache score was only significantly related to neck pain. Amongst service members who sought service from primary care, neck pain explains more variance in headache burden than mTBI history or sleep quantity, supporting that cervical dysfunction may be a salient factor associated with headache. Neck functioning may be a potential area of intervention in the management of headaches.

Association Between Objective Sleep and Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults With Low Back Pain Receiving Physical Therapy Care: A Secondary Analysis of a Responsiveness Study.

Sleep seems to be associated with worse low back pain (LBP) outcomes in older adults; however, studies investigating the association of objective sleep with future changes in LBP outcomes are lacking. The objectives of this study are as follows: (a)to investigate the association between objectively measured sleep with changes in clinical outcomes in older adults with LBP receiving physical therapy care and (b)to examine the cross-sectional association between sleep and pain catastrophizing. This was a prospective cohort study. We recruited older adults (≥60years old) with chronic LBP undergoing physical therapy treatment. At baseline, we assessed participants' sleep (actigraphy for 10-14days), pain intensity, disability, pain catastrophizing, and covariates. After 8weeks, we reassessed pain intensity, disability, and self-perceived recovery. We ran linear regression models and Spearman coefficient tests. Fifty-eight participants were included, and 51 completed follow-up assessments (60.8% women; mean age 70.1 ± 5.6years). We found no associations between sleep quantity and efficiency with changes in pain intensity, disability, and self-perceived recovery after 8weeks of physical therapy care. We found a correlation between sleep fragmentation and pain catastrophizing (r = .30; 95% confidence interval: [.03, .54]). Objective sleep quantity and efficiency may not be associated with changes in LBP outcomes after physical therapy care in older adults. Among the sleep domains evaluated, sleep fragmentation may be the sleep domain with the strongest association with pain catastrophizing. Significance/Implications: Objectively measured sleep might not be a prognostic factor for LBP improvement in older adults. Future studies should explore the association between sleep fragmentation and pain catastrophizing.

Who uses abusive supervision to punish deviant employees? An integration of identity threat and self‐regulation perspectives

AbstractSubordinates' counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) have been demonstrated as a critical precursor to their supervisors' abusive supervision. However, prior research has mainly taken a victim precipitation paradigm and focused on exploring subordinate characteristics that may diminish or amplify this relationship. The important role of supervisor characteristics has been rather overlooked. Integrating self‐regulation and identity threat theories, the current study extends the prior literature by focusing on supervisor characteristics, specifically, supervisors' sleep quantity, sleep quality, and narcissism, as moderators of the relationship between subordinates' CWB and supervisors' abusive supervision. The study utilized a time‐lagged design with a sample of 292 employees and 50 supervisors at a Chinese hospital. Results showed that subordinates' CWB at Time 1 was positively related to their supervisors' abusive supervision at Time 2. Supervisors' sleep quality was found to mitigate the relationship between subordinates' CWB and supervisors' abusive supervision; however, the moderating effect of supervisors' sleep quantity was not significant. Moreover, supervisors' narcissism exacerbated the relationship between subordinates' CWB and supervisors' abusive supervision. This study contributes to the abusive supervision literature by shifting away from the victim precipitation paradigm and placing supervisors, those in positions of power, at the forefront. Findings from the study provide insights into the design and implementation of supervisor training aimed at mitigating abusive behaviors in the workplace.

A male-killing Spiroplasma endosymbiont has age-mediated impacts on Drosophila endurance and sleep

Endosymbiotic bacteria have a wide range of impacts on host physiology, behavior, metabolism, endurance, and mobility. Recent work found some endosymbionts also impact host sleep duration and quality. These effects may increase as flies age and endosymbiont titers increase. We tested the hypothesis that Spiroplasma poulsonni MSRO negatively impacts sleep in Drosophila melanogaster, and this in turn impairs fly endurance. In geotaxis climbing assays (a proxy for endurance), we found that MSRO impacted climbing endurance but in an age-dependent manner. Among younger flies, MSRO+ flies slept significantly less during dark periods (measured by a Drosophila Activity Monitoring System) compared to uninfected flies, but older MSRO+ flies did not show significant differences in amount of sleep compared to uninfected flies in the same cohort. While MSRO status impacted both sleep and endurance of hosts, endosymbiont-mediated sleep deprivation did not directly explain decreases in fly endurance. We discuss these results in the context of endosymbiont comparative biology.

Postprandial Sleep in Short-Sleeping Mexican Cavefish.

Interactions between sleep and feeding behaviors are critical for adaptive fitness. Diverse species suppress sleep when food is scarce to increase the time spent foraging. Postprandial sleep, an increase in sleep time following a feeding event, has been documented in vertebrate and invertebrate animals. While interactions between sleep and feeding appear to be highly conserved, the evolution of postprandial sleep in response to changes in food availability remains poorly understood. Multiple populations of the Mexican cavefish, Astyanax mexicanus, have independently evolved sleep loss and increased food consumption compared to surface-dwelling fish of the same species, providing the opportunity to investigate the evolution of interactions between sleep and feeding. Here, we investigate the effects of feeding on sleep in larval and adult surface fish, and in two parallelly evolved cave populations of A. mexicanus. Larval surface and cave populations of A. mexicanus increase sleep immediately following a meal, providing the first evidence of postprandial sleep in a fish model. The amount of sleep was not correlated to meal size and occurred independently of feeding time. In contrast to larvae, postprandial sleep was not detected in adult surface or cavefish, which can survive for months without food. Together, these findings reveal that postprandial sleep is present in multiple short-sleeping populations of cavefish, suggesting sleep-feeding interactions are retained despite the evolution of sleep loss. These findings raise the possibility that postprandial sleep is critical for energy conservation and survival in larvae that are highly sensitive to food deprivation.

Association between sleep quality, sleep duration, and physical frailty among adults aged 50 years and older in India

BackgroundConsidering the significant growth in India’s aging population, it is imperative to identify factors associated with frailty among older Indians. This study examined the association between sleep quality, sleep duration, and physical frailty among older adults in India. Moreover, we examined whether the associations between sleep quality, sleep duration, and physical frailty varied by gender.MethodsIn this secondary analysis, we used data from the 2015 wave 2 of the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health (WHO-SAGE) in India, comprising a sample of 6,512 older adults aged 50 years and above. Pre-frailty and frailty were assessed using the modified version of the frailty phenotype developed by Fried and colleagues. Sleep was assessed by self-reported quality and duration. Multinomial and multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between sleep quality, sleep duration, and physical frailty (including its components), as well as to explore the moderating effect of gender.Results66.8% of older Indians were pre-frail, while 25.2% were frail. Relative to those with good sleep quality, older adults with poor sleep quality had significantly higher odds of frailty [AOR: 2.79; CI: 1.37–5.66]. Compared to those receiving the recommended age-appropriate 7–8 h of sleep, older adults sleeping ≥ 9 h reported a significantly lower likelihood of both pre-frailty [AOR: 0.73; CI: 0.57–0.93] and frailty [AOR: 0.68; CI: 0.51–0.91]. Analysis of specific components of frailty showed that older adults with long sleep had lower odds of exhaustion [AOR: 0.86; CI: 0.73–1.00] compared to those with age-appropriate sleep duration. Moreover, frailty was more pronounced in older men with poor sleep quality and short sleep duration (< 7 h/night) than in older women with similar sleep patterns. Poor sleep quality was not linked to any of the frailty components in older women; however, in older men, it was associated with exhaustion [AOR: 4.28; CI: 2.28–8.06], weak grip strength [AOR: 2.31; CI: 1.46–3.67], and low physical activity [AOR: 2.81; CI: 1.10–7.21].ConclusionThe findings indicate potential associations between sleep quality, sleep quantity, and physical frailty among older Indians. Poor sleep quality was associated with frailty, yet long sleep duration was associated with a lower prevalence of frailty, independent of sleep quality. Moreover, the prevalence of frailty associated with poor sleep quality and shorter sleep duration was more pronounced among older Indian men than women, underscoring the need for targeted interventions to address sleep-related concerns in this demographic.

Association between screen time, homework and reading duration, sleep duration, social jetlag and mental health among Chinese children and adolescents

ObjectivesTo examine the associations of screen time, homework and reading duration, sleep duration, social jetlag with mental health in children and adolescents, as well as its gender differences.MethodsFrom December 2023 to April 2024, a total of 62 395 children and adolescents were selected from 51 schools in 17 cities of China by stratified cluster sampling. Screen time, homework and reading duration, sleep duration, and social jetlag were calculated by answering the questions about watching TV time, playing smartphones time, doing homework time, reading extracurricular books time, bedtime, wake-up time, and nap time during weekdays and weekends. Mental health was assessed by the Revised Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5). The generalized linear model was used to determine the association between screen time, homework and reading duration, sleep duration, social jetlag, and mental health in children and adolescents.ResultsThe generalized linear model results showed that longer watching TV time, longer playing smartphones time, longer homework time, and greater social jetlag were correlated with poorer mental health in children and adolescents, while longer nighttime sleep duration, and longer daytime nap duration were correlated with better mental health. Moreover, in primary school and junior high school, we found that this association was stronger during the weekdays. However, in senior high school, this association was stronger during the weekends. After according to gender stratified, we found that the strength of this association was different in boys and girls at different study phases. Furthermore, our findings also revealed a significant quadratic relationship, indicating the association of better mental health with an optimal amount of sleep duration.ConclusionsThere was a significant association between screen time, homework and reading duration, sleep duration, social jetlag, and mental health in children and adolescents. This study has the potential to offer useful insights for the prevention and control of mental health issues in children and adolescents.

Recovery practices of slovenian sport climbers

Post-exercise recovery interventions enable athletes to overcome greater training loads and thereby enhancing their performance. Post-exercise recovery strategies serve to optimize recovery, help lower performance decline and prevent overtraining. The purpose of this study was to examine the current practices and attitudes towards post-exercise recovery among Slovenian sport climbers. 339 sports climbers from Slovenia (186 males, 153 females), consisting of 330 recreational sport climbers and 9 competitive sport climbers completed an online survey which was active from February to May 2022. The most common recovery strategies among sport climbers are sleep/rest (84%) and stretching (77%). A significant proportion of sport climbers (87%) reported sleeping duration below the recommended amount of sleep. Personal opinions notably influence the choice of recovery strategies (6 out of 9 competitive sport climbers and 71% of recreational sport climbers). Our findings reveal discrepancies between individual beliefs regarding the effectiveness of specific strategies and their practical implementation. Competitive sport climbers have more individualized recovery strategies (p = 0.012) and use a greater number of recovery strategies (p = 0. 005). Even though that such recovery practices of sport climbers are often in conflict with the literature, we can conclude that sport climbers recover solidly. This data may suggest that recovery does not play a major role in sport climbing performance.

Reproductive hormones and sex chromosomes drive sex differences in the sleep-wake cycle.

There are well-documented gender differences in the risk and severity of sleep disorders and associated comorbidities. While fundamental sex differences in sleep regulatory mechanisms may contribute to gender disparities, biological responses to sleep loss and stress may underlie many of the risks for sleep disorders in women and men. Some of these sex differences appear to be dependent on sex chromosome complement (XX or XY) and the organizational effects of reproductive hormones. Reproductive development plays a critical role in the ability of sex chromosomes and reproductive hormones to produce sex differences in sleep and wakefulness. Rodent models reveal that reproductive hormones drive many but not all sex differences in sleep-wake architecture. The ability of reproductive hormones to alter sleep are often dependent on responses to sleep loss and stress. However, in the absence of reproductive hormones (in gonadectomized rodents) sex differences in sleep amount and the ability to recover from sleep loss persist. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) of the hypothalamus play crucial regulatory roles in mediating the effects of reproductive hormones on the sleep-wake cycle. Taken together, the work reviewed here reveals that the reproductive hormone environment and sex chromosome complement may underlie gender disparities in sleep patterns and the risk for sleep disorders.