Slanted Line Research Articles

Source Rock Evaluation and Hydrocarbon Generation Potential of the Cretaceous (Dokan and Gulneri) Formations in Bai Hassan-13 Well Section, Kurdistan, North of Iraq

Eleven cutting rock samples from both Dokan and Gulneri formations (Cretaceous) in one subsurface section of Bai Hassan-13 (BH-13) well in northern Iraq were studied by using two techniques for hydrocarbon generation potentiality. The geochemical technique included Rock-Eval Pyrolysis analysis, The optical technique was achieved by studying palynological slides. The rock-Eval pyrolysis results showed that Dokan Formation has total organic carbon (TOC) wt.% ranging between 1.16 % and 2.3 % (good to very good), Gulneri Formation has a high TOC of 1.34 % and 4.64 % (good to excellent) quantity of organic matter. About the quality of organic matter, both Dokan and Gulneri formations are composed of kerogen types I and II. The organic matter of the Dokan Formation is not indigenous (migrated), one sample of the Gulneri Formation is indigenous the other one is located on the slanted line separating the Indigenous from non-indigenous organic matter. The organic matter within the two formations are thermally immature source rock, Therefore, they cannot generate oil and gas. The palynological study revealed that amorphous organic matter is the predominant organic matter component in both formations with more than 89%, whereas phytoclasts and palynomorphs comprised only a few percentages. There is no great variation in the percentages of the mentioned organic matter components, except a slight increase in the percentage of phytoclasts and palynomorphs in the lower part of the Dokan Formation, therefore one primary palynofacies type can be recognized, and divided into two secondary palynofacies. Through plotting Tyson's Amorphous, phytoclasts, and palynomorphs (APP) diagram, it is clear that the two formations are deposited in a distal suboxic to anoxic basin.

Reproducibility Evaluations and Calibration Sensitivity of Slanted Line Display MTF Measurements in Oversampling Conditions

Reproducibility Evaluations and Calibration Sensitivity of Slanted Line Display MTF Measurements in Oversampling Conditions

Improving the properties of TiC steel bonded cemented carbides by optimizing the slurry rheology, printing path and shape design of 3D gel printing

TiC steel bonded cemented carbide was modeled by an extrusion-based 3D gel printing(3DGP) method. The rheological behavior of slurry was studied to control the slurry extrusion and modeling. The effects of printing parameters, printing path and modeling complexity were researched to get a printed sample without defects. The results indicated that the slurry with a solid loading of 50 vol% (85 wt%) was prepared, and its viscosity change is very little during 24 h in case of a higher shear rate like a nozzle. The viscosity of the slurry decreases with increasing the extrusion pressure and nozzle diameter. The skewed pattern of filaments eliminated pores in printed samples in comparison with the rectangular pattern under the condition of straight lines of the printing path. Pores at the corners of a model can be eliminated by changing the printing path from concentric lines to zigzag lines or two sets of slanted parallel lines. The modeling complexity without a support structure can be revealed by printing tilt cylinders with different angles, and the local parts on a model with a tilt angle of <45° can be printed accurately without designing a support structure. Improving the 3DGP procedure based on these experiences, the TiC steel bonded cemented carbide samples had properties similar to those prepared by conventional powder metallurgy methods.

Research on Multibeam Bathymetric System Based on Geometrical Relation Mo Model

In this paper, the basic principles of multibeam bathymetry system are discussed in depth, the development of which originates from the single-beam bathymetry technology. Through profound mathematical modelling and geometric relationship derivation, a systematic and detailed analysis is carried out for the coverage width of multibeam bathymetry and the overlap rate between two adjacent bands in the case that the survey line is parallel to the horizontal plane. Adopting the idea of combining numbers and shapes, combined with the triangle side angle relationship, we established a geometrical-mathematical model with an α-slope slant line, which lays a solid theoretical foundation for solving the problem. In this study, we successfully solved the expression of seawater depth D of the multibeam bathymetric system in the case that the direction of the survey line is parallel to the horizontal plane by the method of listing relations. At the same time, we make full use of the sine-cosine theorem of triangles to derive the coverage width of the bathymetric strip in depth. Combining these two organically, a complete and detailed expression for the coverage width is formed, which provides a powerful mathematical tool for the further study of deep-sea bathymetry technology. In addition, by applying the mathematical model to the vacant data in Table 1, we successfully fill in this missing information, demonstrating the feasibility and accuracy of the model in practical applications. This study not only makes remarkable progress in theory, but also provides strong support for practical applications in the field of ocean bathymetry.

10‐3: Resolution Capability Measurements: A Comparison Between MTF Slanted Line and Pixel Crosstalk

In this contribution, we qualitatively and quantitively compare the recently proposed slanted line MTF resolution measurement with the established pixel crosstalk resolution measurement. This is done by comparing evaluation results and reproducibility from measurements of nine different samples in three different setups for each method.

CONSTRUCTION OF A LINEAR SURFACE ACCORDING TO THE CALCULATED TRAJECTORY OF THE MOVEMENT OF A MATERIAL PARTICLE ALONG IT

Currently, studies of the movement of agricultural materials on gravity surfaces have been carried out. These works also indicate the possibility of solving the inverse problem - the construction of such a surface that would ensure the given trajectory of the particle's movement. In the article, we will consider the construction of a linear surface, which ensures the movement of a particle along a slant line. The property of such lines is a constant angle between the tangent line drawn to the curve at any point and the horizontal plane (the angle of rise of the curve), as well as the parallelism of the main normal of the curve to the horizontal plane The purpose of the research is to construct a linear surface according to the calculated trajectory of the movement of a material particle along it. The construction of a linear surface according to a given trajectory of the movement of a material particle under the action of the force of its own weight is considered. A system of equations was obtained that describes the movement of a material particle along a linear gravitational surface. The considered example is the construction of a linear surface, which, with a known coefficient of friction, would ensure the movement of a particle along a helical line given by the angle of elevation and a constant curvature. An example of the construction of a linear surface is also given, which, with a known coefficient of friction, would ensure the accelerated movement of a particle along the surface with a constant angle. The results of the conducted research make it possible to construct a linear surface according to a given trajectory of the movement of a material particle under the action of its own weight.

Study of flow characteristics affected by some blade structure elements based on a liquid hydrogen turbopump

In this paper, a simulation study on liquid hydrogen turbopump was carried out to obtain the basic flow characteristics of the inducer and impeller with and without cavitation phenomenon considered. The influence of pump structure was analyzed, and the influence of circumferential position, inlet inlet angle and other parameters on flow field and aerodynamic performance was explored. The results show that the influence of boundary layer can be reduced and blade performance can be improved by increasing the blade wrap angle of the centrifugal blade or using a smaller inlet inlet angle near the shroud. In addition, increasing the blade wrap angle can also increase the pressure on the inlet leading edge of the blade, thus reducing the possibility of cavitation. A higher flow rate of the pump may reduce the possibility of cavitation. Cavitation is likely to reduce when the blade leading edge has a slightly slant stacking line of the impeller. Based on these research results, some opinions are given to improve the design method of liquid hydrogen turbopump.

An Effective Slant Detection and Correction Method Based on the Tilted Rectangle Method for Telugu Manuscript Terms

This paper proposes an efficient method called tilted rectangle (TR) for detecting and correcting of slant angle of the manuscript Telugu words (MTW). Telugu language is one of India's common languages spoken by over 80 million individuals. The complex characters are attached with some extra marks known as “maatras” and “vatthus,” and it is challenging to detect slant angle. The proposed TR method initially performs preprocessing and identifies a connected component within the given Telugu manuscript word. Then, it estimates the slant angle of each connected component by deriving connected slant lines on the boundary of each connected component. After this process, the proposed TR method estimates the entire word's overall slant angle from the average of estimated slant angle and height of all connected components. The correction of the word's slant angle is done in the reverse direction by applying a simple shear transformation. With 1000 manuscript records of three different kinds, the algorithm is tested. Experimental findings indicate the efficacy of the approach proposed.

THE ROTATIONAL EFFECT OF MAGNETIC PARTICLES ON CELLULAR APOPTOSIS BASED ON FOUR ELECTROMAGNET FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEM

Objectives: Magnetic drug targeting offers the latest popular alternative option to deliver magnetic drug carriers into targeting region body parts through manipulation of an external magnetic field. However, the effectiveness of using an electromagnetic field to manipulate and directing magnetic particles is yet to be established. Methods: In this paper, a homemade cost-effective electromagnet system was built for the purpose of studying the control and directing the magnetic drug carriers. The electromagnet system was built with four electromagnetic sources and tested the capability in directing the particles’ movement in different geometry patterns. Besides that, the creation of the self-rotation of individual magnetic particle clusters was achieved by using fast switching between magnetic fields. This self-rotation allows the possibility of cell apoptosis study to carry out. The system was constructed with four electromagnets integrated with a feedback control system and built to manipulate a droplet of commercially available iron (II, III) oxide nanoparticles to steer the magnetic droplet along different arbitrary trajectories (square, circle, triangle, slanted line) in 2-dimensional. Results: A dynamic magnetic field of 25 Hz was induced for magnetic nanoparticles rotational effect to observe the cell apoptosis. A profound outcome shows that the declining cell viability of the cell lines by 40% and the morphology of shrinking cells after the exposure of the dynamic magnetic field. Conclusion: The outcome from the pilot study gives an idea on the laboratory setup serves as a fundamental model for studying the electromagnetic field strength in applying mechanical force to target and to rotate for apoptosis on cancer cell line study.

Negative Resistance and Its Impact on a RC-DC Driven Electric Circuit

It is a common misconception that electric “resistance” always is a positive defined electric element. i.e., the plot of the voltage across the resistor, V vs. its current, i is a slanted straight line with a positive slope. Esaki diode also known as tunnel diode is an exception to this character. For a certain voltage range, the current recedes resulting in a line with a negative slope; it is interpreted as negative resistance. In this research flavored report, we investigate the impact of the negative resistance in a typical classic electric circuit. E.g., a tunnel diode, D is inserted in a classic electric circuit that is composed of an ohmic resistor, R and a capacitor, C which are all in series with a DC power supply. The circuit equation for the RCD circuit is a nonlinear ordinary differential equation (NLODE). In line with the ever-growing popular Computer Algebra System (CAS), this is solved numerically utilizing two distinctly different CASs. The consistency of the solutions confidently leads to the understanding of the impact of the negative resistance. The circuit characteristics are compared to the classic analogous RC circuit. The report embodies an atlas of characteristics of the circuits making the analysis visually comprehensible.

Phone Home

Phone Home Eileen Vorbach Collins (bio) In a garden in the town of Otsuchi, in the northern region of Japan, Itaru Sasaki set up a telephone connected to nothing. This is not a cellular phone without a talk, text, and data plan. It is not simply a phone without a signal, the portentous No Service icon where the Wi-Fi logo should be. There are no dreaded bars with a slanted line crossing through. It is an old black rotary phone, which, if you are of a certain age, might cause you to absently extend your right index finger, slightly bent at the first and second joints, ready to dial a seven-digit number ingrained on your memory like a tattoo. My daughter, Lydia, had curated a room full of eclectic retro trimmings. In 1999, the year she ended her life, when pagers were passé and cell phones were becoming popular, she had a beloved pink Princess phone. The Princess was not the original dial model but had push buttons that made satisfying little beeps, not the unpleasant drrrrt of the dial. With practice, you could play a song on those keys. Lydia decorated the phone with Hello Kitty stickers and glitter that wound up in her hair. This was especially charming when she’d shaved much of it off and the glitter stuck to the stubble that was already blue from the Manic Panic hair coloring. If the angle and light were just right it looked like a nimbus, at least in my memory. Itaru’s phone is in a white phone booth with glass windows. He put it there to help process his grief over his cousin’s death. A one-way conversation on a phone that never rings, Itaru called it his kaze no denwa, which roughly translated means “wind phone.” For months after Lydia died, I would call our home phone from my cell to hear her voice on the answering machine. I wouldn’t talk much, just close my eyes and listen. I always said I love you before hanging up. Her father was angry that I left her voice on the recorder. He didn’t like [End Page 113] to hear it when he called to speak to our son. Pain is like that—sometimes manifesting as rage. Finally, I changed the recording. My sister-in-law made a copy of Lydia’s voice. I hope she still has it. How long do those things last? I wish I could call that number now and hear her voice again. Somewhere I have a cassette tape of Lydia reading a story she’d written in French. It may not be grammatically perfect, but I wouldn’t know the difference. There’s a recording of a flute piece that she was practicing, but I can never be sure whether it’s her playing or something else she’d recorded. The tapes are all in a box in the closet of my spare room. Third Eye Blind, Dvořák, The Cure, Mozart, They Might Be Giants, Beethoven, Marilyn Manson, Sarah McLachlan, Patsy Cline, Gregorian chants. There are also about twenty mixtapes made by Lydia or that were gifts from friends. Some are painted and labeled, others offer a surprise. Years ago, I would take a few on car trips and listen. Now cassette tapes are as obsolete as that dial-up phone. There is no tape player in the car. Some of the tapes are unraveled. I bought a little device that is supposed to record the sound of a tape onto an mp3 player, but by the time I figure out how to use it that too may be an outdated technology. For as long as we lived in the house where she died, when our home phone rang, I was always disappointed that it wasn’t her. For months I answered the phone with high expectations. I developed tinnitus, a ringing in my ears so loud I thought it was the telephone. I heard it when I lay awake at night. I heard it in my dreams. Or was there more to it than damaged little hair cells in the cochlea, that little snail...

Depth segmentation in real-world scenes based on U–V disparity analysis

Depth segmentation has the challenge of separating the objects from their supporting surfaces in a noisy environment. To address the issue, a novel segmentation scheme based on disparity analysis is proposed. First, we transform a depth scene into the corresponding U-V disparity map. Then, we conduct a region-based detection method to divide the object region into several targets in the processed U-disparity map. Thirdly, the horizontal plane regions may be mapped as slant lines in the V-disparity map, the Random Sample Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm is improved to fit such multiple lines. Moreover, noise regions are reduced by image processing strategies during the above processes. We respectively evaluate our approach on both real-world scenes and public data sets to verify the flexibility and generalization. Sufficient experimental results indicate that the algorithm can efficiently segment and label a full-view scene into a group of valid regions as well as removing surrounding noise regions.

OFFLINE YORÙBÁ HANDWRITTEN WORD RECOGNITION USING GEOMETRIC FEATURE EXTRACTION AND SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE CLASSIFIER

Yorùbá language is one of the three main languages that is been spoken in Nigeria. It is a tonal language that carries an accent on the vowel alphabets. There are twenty-five (25) alphabets in Yorùbá language with one of the alphabets a digraph (GB). Due to the difficulty in typing handwritten Yorùbá documents, there is a need to develop a handwritten recognition system that can convert the handwritten texts to digital format. This study discusses the offline Yorùbá handwritten word recognition system (OYHWR) that recognizes Yorùbá uppercase alphabets. Handwritten characters and words were obtained from different writers using the paint application and M708 graphics tablets. The characters were used for training and the words were used for testing. Pre-processing was done on the images and the geometric features of the images were extracted using zoning and gradient-based feature extraction. Geometric features are the different line types that form a particular character such as the vertical, horizontal, and diagonal lines. The geometric features used are the number of horizontal lines, number of vertical lines, number of right diagonal lines, number of left diagonal lines, total length of all horizontal lines, total length of all vertical lines, total length of all right slanting lines, total length of all left-slanting lines and the area of the skeleton. The characters are divided into 9 zones and gradient feature extraction was used to extract the horizontal and vertical components and geometric features in each zone. The words were fed into the support vector machine classifier and the performance was evaluated based on recognition accuracy. Support vector machine is a two-class classifier, hence a multiclass SVM classifier least square support vector machine (LSSVM) was used for word recognition. The one vs one strategy and RBF kernel were used and the recognition accuracy obtained from the tested words ranges between 66.7%, 83.3%, 85.7%, 87.5%, and 100%. The low recognition rate for some of the words could be as a result of the similarity in the extracted features.

Area Under the Curves, Volume of Rotated, and Surface Area Rotated About Slanted Line

In the Calculus, a definite integral can be used to calculate the area between curves and coordinate axes at certain intervals; surface area and volume formed if an area is rotated against the coordinate axis. Problems arise if you want to calculate the area of the area bounded by a curve and a line that does not form an angle of 0 or 90 degree to the coordinate axis, as well as the calculation of the volume of objects and the surface area of a revolution axis of rotation is a slanted line. By using existing definitions, a formula is developed for this purpose.

Cycling on the edge: the effects of edge lines, slanted kerbstones, shoulder, and edge strips on cycling behaviour of cyclists older than 50 years

To prevent single-bicycle crashes, this study is the first to evaluate effects of slanted kerbstones, edge lines, shoulder strips, and edge strips on cycling behaviour of cyclists ≥50 years. In Experiment 1, 32 participants cycled on a control path and paths with edge lines, slanted kerbstones, and three types of 0.5 m wide shoulder strips (with grey artificial grass, green artificial grass, or concrete street-print). In Experiment 2, 30 participants cycled a different route including a control path and paths with edge lines or 0.3 m white edge strips. Cyclists rode closer to the main cycle path’s edge in the shoulder strips conditions, although the presence of these strips resulted in a larger total distance to the verge compared to the control condition. Furthermore, cyclists cycled further from the verge in the edge strip condition than the control condition. Safety implications of the shoulder and edge strips are considered to be positive. Practitioner Summary: Older cyclists have a high risk for single-bicycle crashes (e.g. riding into the verge). In two experiments, cyclists ≥50 years cycled a route where different treatments were applied on a cycle path. Shoulder and edge strip treatments were related to more efficient path use and safer distances from the verge. Abbreviations: AGS: artificial grass strip; CL: control location; CSS: concrete street-print strip; ELC: edge line continuous; ELI: edge line intermittent; LP: lateral position; SDLP: standard deviation of the lateral position; SK: slanted kerbstones; WCES: white chippings edge strip

Platform-based Sentence Generation: Unity of Sentence Elements and Hierarchy of Arguments without the Use of Lines and Binary Branching

본 연구는 생성문법에서 통사체들의 단위성과 위계가 어떻게 나타나는지 논의하고 통사체들의 단위성과 위계를 나타낼 수 있는 새로운 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 생성문법에서는 현재 사선과 수직선을 사용하여 통사 체들의 단위성을 나타내고 있지만 사선과 수직선을 사용하는 것은 통사적 연산과정을 복잡하게 한다. 통사체들의 단위성을 나타낼 수 있는 새로운 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 또 생성문법은 이분지 병합을 사용하여 통사체들의 위계를 생성한다. 통사체들의 위계, 특히 논항들의 위계는 결속이론이 요구하는 구조적 특성이다. 하지만 이분지 병합에 입각한 위계는 첫째, 논항 간의 위계뿐만 아니라 거의 모든 통사 체들 간의 위계를 만들어낸다. 둘째, 병합에 입각한 위계는 주절과 종속절로 되어 있는 복문에서는 결속이론이 필요로 하는 위계를 만들어 낼 수 있지만 등위절로 되어있는 중문에서는 결속이론이 필요로 하는 위계를 만들어 낼 수 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 새로운 플랫폼 기반 문장생성 방식을 제안하여 이러한 문제를 해결한다.This article seeks to investigate how the unity of syntactic elements is formed and how a hierarchy of arguments is provided in the current framework of generative grammar as well as to provide alternative solutions to these requirements. Syntactic elements need grouping to form a unity. The current theory of generative grammar uses vertical and slanted lines to group syntactic elements and form a unity among them. However, the use of lines causes computational complexity and violates the inclusiveness condition. A new mechanism for providing a unity of syntactic elements will be put forth in this study. The current theory of generative grammar uses binary merge to create hierarchy between syntactic arguments. This hierarchy between syntactic arguments is necessary to satisfy the requirements of the binding theory. However, the binary merge-based hierarchy is problematic in these two respects. First, it creates not only hierarchy between the arguments, but also that between non-arguments. Second, the binary merge-based hierarchy provides a hierarchical structure for binding theory to operate in complex sentences comprised of main clauses and embedded clauses. However, it does not provide a legitimate hierarchical structure for binding theory to operate in compound sentences comprised of coordinate clauses. For this reason, another platform-based hierarchy between such arguments will be put forth as a solution to these problems.

ORNAMEN PURA PENATARAN BUJANGGA SANGGING PRABANGKARA BANJAR KEBON KECAMATAN BLAHBATUH GIANYAR PERSPEKTIF PENDIDIKAN SENI RUPA KEAGAMAAN HINDU

Ornaments of Penataran Bujangga Sangging Prabangkara Temple Kebon Village Blahbatuh Gianyar, is one of the forms of Hindu religious fine art education which is very unique in its visual working process hereditary done incompletely as a means of religious belief, in its development become a phenomenon in its field. So it is interested to be examined under the title "Ornaments of Penataran Bujangga Sangging Prabangkara Temple Kebon Village, Blahbatuh District, Gianyar Perspective of Hindu Religious Fine Arts Education". With the formulation of the problems 1). Why Ornaments of Penataran Bujangga Sangging Prabangkara Temple are done incompletely/unfinished. 2). What is the shape of the ornaments of Penataran Bujangga Sangging Prabangkara Temple 3). What are the values ​​of Hindu Religious Fine Arts Education contained in the ornaments of Penataran Bujangga Sangging Prabangkara Temple. In the discussion, it was found that why Ornaments in Bujangga Sangging Prabanggkara Temple were done in incomplete/unfinished because of the Trust Systems to the ancestors, as a hereditary tradition. Unique Specific Ornament Forms, Imperfect Forms on; Gelung Kori Ornaments, Bale Kukul Ornaments, Masceti Pelinggih Ornaments, Monument Ornaments, 2 Pengadangan Monument Ornaments. Elements of fine art found in the ornamentation of Penataran Bujangga Sannging Prabangkara Temple; Curved Lines, Flat Lines, Slanted Lines, Straight Lines, Balance and Contrast. The values of fine art education and Hindu religious ornaments; Ethic education: Sangging attitude, aesthetic: Unity, Balance, Contrast, Accents. Social: community social, cooperation. Religious: forms of religious objects.

Popular Landscape of Entertainment in East-Central Europe, 1850–1939. An Introduction

“An outright abundance of amusements. Twenty out of thirty posters announce and praise the spectacles so far unparalleled. In Passage-Panoptikum, the Dahomeys laid out. I proceeded onwards to catch sight of some more people. (…) A huge, gilded hall flooded with rays of the sun, crowded and buzzing. Music plays a sentimental waltz. The masses smoke, and speak. White aprons of waiters cross the hall in diverse directions, and one may hear knocks of pitchers and a hoarse voice: – Beer! The hall is full of Dahomey. They squeeze between the tables with the dexterity of monkeys and wheedle money. They are almost naked and beautifully built. The black-and-ashen hue of their skin is velvety, glittering and invariably soft. A certain Dahomey Venus simpers and intrusively strives for selling a photograph of her. (…) two enchanters or bonzes wearing white coats came out to the forefront of the stage. One of them holds a monstrous deity, coarsely hewn of wood; and the second – a flat, cane basket and a long pipe made of reed. – Serpents! A serpent! Die Schlange! – the crowd yells and a strange kind of shiver pierced through everyone. (…) The snakes stood almost vertically and started to perform a kind of dance along slanting lines. Their long and greenish bodies writhed, bounced and fell on the ground hissing. There is commotion in the hall, but after a while the crowd erupts in applause, and this European, metropolitan mob is immersed in delight. (…) Gentlemen! Buy photographs showing the King of Dahomey. Only one mark a piece…” (Reymont 1894).

Early Neolithic Pottery from Western Belarus

The paper discusses Early Neolithic pottery of Dubiciai type from western Belarus. Its most distinctive features include organic temper in the clay mass, a belt of deep round pits under the rim, strokes made by a round stick (‘hooves’), and thin slanting grooved lines or slanting decoration with such lines. The hypotheses on the origins of Dubiciai-type pottery are also discussed. According to many scholars, the area of occurrence of Dubiciai-type pottery includes the Belarusian part of the River Nioman (except for the basin of the River Vilija), the left bank of the Upper Prypiac basin, southern Lithuania, part of northeast Poland, and the northern part of Volhynia. At the same time, D.Y. Telegin, O.M. Titova and G.V. Okhrimenko distinguish Volhynian culture in the region of the same name. It has many similar traits with Prypiac-Nioman culture. The scale of differences between Early Neolithic pottery from western Palessie and Volhynia and Dubiciai-type pottery from the region of the River Nemunas allows us to consider Volhynian culture not as a separate culture, but as a local variant of Prypiac-Nioman culture. Sokolowek-type pottery has been discovered at sites in Podlasie and in the Belarusian part of the River Buh region. It is similar to Dubiciai-type pottery in morphology and ornamentation, but has less organic temper in the clay mass. It is most probably the result of the local development of Early Neolithic traditions in the western part of the Prypiac-Nioman culture area. Key words: Prypiac-Nioman culture, Dubiciai type, Sokolowek type, western Belarus, Early Neolithic pottery, ‘forest Neolithic’, comb-stroke pottery. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.15181/ab.v25i0.1832

Does the Vigilance Decrement Occur for Elementary Features?

The aim of the current study was to determine whether the vigilance decrement occurs when observers search for a critical signal that consists of an elementary feature (line orientation). Elementary features are processed quickly and presumably with minimal attentional resources (Treisman &amp; Gormican, 1988). Such features should be resistant to the vigilance decrement, according to theories of the decrement that posit depletion of attentional resources as the underlying mechanism. Observers completed a vigilance task in which they reported the presence of a critical signal, which consisted of a slanted line presented amidst vertical lines. A vigilance decrement was evident in correct detections and reaction time. In a follow-up study, a pop-out effect for the slanted line was replicated in a traditional search task. To the extent that an elementary feature is processed preattenatively, the occurrence of a vigilance decrement challenges theories of the decrement based on depleted attentional resources. However, whether elementary features are processed without attention has been debated and further studies are needed. Identifying display characteristics that can be processed automatically without depleting attention will enhance monitoring performance by eliminating the decrement in safety critical tasks such as aviation and baggage screening.