Skin Care Ingredients Research Articles

Exploring Cannabidiol (CBD) and Cannabigerol (CBG) Safety Profile and Skincare Potential

Cannabinoids have long been known for their bioactive properties, with their topical application as anti-inflammatory compounds being at the forefront of research for the past decade. Concurrently, the cosmetic market is a fast-growing industry in constant need of new biomolecules. In this work, we studied the safety profile for topical applications of two cannabinoids: cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabigerol (CBG) and assessed their potential as skin care ingredients. The CBG used in this work resulted from bio-fermentation, and to the best of our knowledge, there are no extensive reports on its safety and usage as a cosmetic ingredient. Our results show that CBD and CBG do not exhibit cytotoxicity, mutagenicity, or skin sensitization. Moreover, we verified an absence of primary irritability, accumulated irritability, phototoxicity and photosensitization, supporting the claims of dermatologically tested, hypoallergenic and non-irritating. While these cannabinoids did not show significant anti-aging effects by altering the extracellular matrix components (both in vitro and ex vivo), they demonstrated promise as protective agents against inflammation caused by air pollution. Specifically, they reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, making them valuable in combating environmental skin damage. Overall, our results validate the safety of topical use of cannabinoids, while paving the way for further research in the beauty and personal care market as soothing agents.

The combination of allantoin, bisabolol, D-panthenol and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate mitigates UVB-induced PGE2 synthesis by keratinocytes.

Erythema, characterized by the redness of the skin, is a common skin reaction triggered by various endogenous and exogenous factors. This response is often a result of the activation of underlying inflammatory mechanisms within the skin. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential benefits of applying a combination of skincare ingredients, namely allantoin, bisabolol, D-panthenol and dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (AB5D), in the modulation of inflammatory factors associated with erythema. Additionally, the study aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which these ingredients exert their combined actions to alleviate erythema-associated inflammation. Human epidermal keratinocytes were exposed to UVB and subsequently treated with AB5D. Transcriptomics profiling was performed to analyse the dose-response effect of AB5D treatment on keratinocytes. The quantitation of inflammatory mediators, including PGE2, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1RA and TNFα, was performed on cultured media. Additionally, the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay was carried out to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of both individual ingredients and the AB5D combination. To assess the in-vitro antioxidant effects of AB5D against UVB-induced oxidative stress in hTERT keratinocytes, real-time quantitation of mitochondrial superoxide was measured through live-cell imaging. The application of AB5D to UVB-exposed keratinocytes downregulated gene sets associated with inflammatory responses, highlighting the anti-inflammatory properties of AB5D. Specifically, AB5D effectively reduced the production of PGE2, leading to the downregulation of inflammatory cytokines. Moreover, our findings indicate that AB5D exhibits antioxidative capabilities, functioning as both an antioxidant agent and a regulator of antioxidant enzyme expression to counteract the detrimental effects of cellular oxidative stress. We demonstrated that AB5D can reduce UVB-induced PGE2, IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1RA and TNFα as well as mitochondrial superoxide. These findings suggest that AB5D may alleviate erythema by modulating inflammation via PGE2 and through antioxidation mechanisms.

Literature Study: Potential of Garcinia latissima Miq. for Skin Care

The species Garcinia Latissima Miq. is native to Southeast Asia's tropical rain forests, primarily in Papua and Maluku. This plant is well-known for its thick-skinned fruit, used as a spice in traditional recipes. Garcinia Latissima Miq is also used in traditional medicine. Its use as a traditional medicine is because Garcinia Latissima Miq. has long been recognized as a source of phenolic compounds, and earlier research has shown that the chemicals extracted have biological activity as antioxidants, antibacterials, and antimicrobials. This study aimed to gather adequate information on the Garcinia Latissima Miq. plant's potential for usage as a cosmetic or skincare ingredient. A literature review was done in this study to obtain data from prior investigations. According to the findings of this investigation, the Garcinia Latissima Miq. plant possesses anti-elastase, which helps maintain skin elasticity, and contains flavonoids that inhibit tyrosinase in melanogenesis. Garcinia Latissima Miq. plant has the potential to maintain skin elasticity and brightness.

Macrofungal Extracts as a Source of Bioactive Compounds for Cosmetical Anti-Aging Therapy: A Comprehensive Review.

For centuries, mushrooms have been used as a component of skincare formulations. Environmental stresses and a modern lifestyle expose the skin to accelerated aging. To slow down this process, natural anti-aging skincare ingredients are being sought. In this review, 52 scientific publications about the effects of chemical compounds extracted from the fruiting bodies of macrofungi on skin cells were selected. The effects of extracts from nine species that are tested for anti-aging effects have been described. According to available literature data, macrofungi contain many polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, polysaccharide peptides, free amino acids, sterols, proteins, glycosides, triterpenes, alkaloids, which can have an anti-aging effect on the skin by acting as antioxidants, photoprotective, skin whitening, moisturizing, anti-inflammatory and stabilizing collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid levels in the skin.

Nano-sized lysate of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from green tea leaves as a potential skin care ingredient

Nano-sized lysate of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from green tea leaves as a potential skin care ingredient

Novel Thermus thermophilus and Bacillus subtilis mixed-culture ferment extract provides potent skin benefits invitro and protects skin from aging.

Skin aging is one of the most abundant aging-related disorders that can be accelerated by excessive exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. Topically applied fermented skincare ingredients have gained mounting attentions due to their high concentration of various skin nourishing nutrients and bioactive components and low skin irritation potency. In the present study, we aim to fully demonstrate the skin-related benefits of a novel extract of Thermus thermophilus and Bacillus subtilis mixed-culture ferment (TBFE). TBFE was prepared through an innovative mixed-culture fermentation process. The contents of nutrients and bioactive ingredients were quantified by different methods accordingly. Both invitro tests and randomized controlled human trial were utilized to further demonstrate multifaceted beneficial effects on human skin, as well as the potential mechanisms. Our results showed that TBFE upregulated the expression of type IV collagen, elastin, aquaporin-3, and dermal-epidermal junction markers, while inhibited production of melanin, in different skin cell models. Moreover, TBFE inhibited the generation of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory mediators induced by ultraviolet irradiation in normal human keratinocytes, while stimulated autophagy in senescent keratinocytes. Results from clinical studies confirmed those invitro findings, demonstrating that TBFE at 5% and 20% concentration provides anti-aging properties in subjects with sensitive skin, in terms of improving wrinkles, moisturization, and skin lightening. In summary, we demonstrate that a novel mixed-culture ferment extract has promising anti-aging effects, which may be attributed to anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, and promotion of autophagy in skin cells.

Antimicrobial activity, foaming properties, and interacting mechanism of rhamnolipids in presence of silk fibroin through spectroscopy, molecular docking, and microbiological experiments

As a type of biosurfactant, rhamnolipids (RLs) are multifunctional skin-care ingredients, and the molecular interaction of RLs with silk fibroin (SF) is a more complicated process than has long been believed. The interaction and functional properties of them, and their potential as fungicidal agents for agricultural products and as organic preservatives for cosmetics were assessed in this paper. The SF addition makes the RLs aggregation easier through the complexes formation, which decreases the applied concentration of surfactant. The results of spectroscopic analyses and molecular docking suggest that hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces are significant contributed to the binding mechanism between the two substances. The addition of SF notably enhances the foaming capacity and stability of RLs. The certain antibacterial and antifungal properties of RLs are basically not affected by the SF addition, even the SF-RLS system demonstrates an unobvious synergistic inhibitory impact on Glomerella cingulate (GC). The results offer a theoretical framework for the utilization of RLs as natural fungicides and preservatives in presence of nutritional components, considering the properties of RLs as nontoxic, biodegradable, environmentally friendly, and good compatibility.

Emulsification of shea butter

This paper reviews the widespread application of shea butter oil as a popular natural skincare ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products, and explores the importance and application of emulsification technology in the preparation of shea butter oil. Firstly, it introduces the origin, characteristics, and multiple effects of shea butter oil in cosmetics. Secondly, it elaborates on the basic concepts of emulsification, including the types and mechanisms of emulsifiers. Subsequently, it discusses the application of emulsification technology in shea butter oil and methods for optimizing the emulsification process. Finally, it emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate emulsifiers, controlling emulsification process conditions, and experimentally optimizing to improve the quality and stability of shea butter oil products.

Anti-wrinkle efficacy of standardized phenolic acids polymer extract (PAPE)from propolis: Implications for antiaging and skin health.

The increasing quest for effective and safe antiaging skincare solutions has led to a surge in the exploration of natural compounds such as phenolic acids. Despite the proven efficacy of traditional antiaging ingredients like retinol, their associated side effects have necessitated the search for alternatives. This study aimed to assess the anti-wrinkle efficacy of a standardized phenolic acids polymer extract (PAPE) from propolis, employing both invitro and clinical methodologies to explore its suitability as a novel antiaging skincare ingredient for sensitive and nonsensitive skin types. The study comprised of evaluating PAPE effects on key skin health biomarkers in dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. A double-blind, randomized clinical trial involving female participants aged 30-70 years assessed the wrinkle-reducing effectiveness of face creams formulated with two concentrations of PAPE (1.5% and 3%) over a 28-day period. In vitro studies indicated that PAPE could modulate inflammation and tissue remodeling biomarkers. The clinical trial demonstrated that applying PAPE-enriched cream resulted in significant wrinkle reduction, with 25% and 34% improvements for the 1.5% and 3% PAPE formulations, respectively. Subjective feedback from participants further validated the antiaging efficacy and overall satisfaction with the product. Incorporating PAPE offers a compelling antiaging solution, significantly reducing wrinkle depth with a favorable safety profile. The study substantiates PAPE's potential as an effective and safe alternative to conventional antiaging ingredients, aligning with the cosmetic industry's shift toward natural, evidence-based formulations.

Developing Plant Exosomes as an Advanced Delivery System for Cosmetic Peptide.

Peptides are a promising skincare ingredient, but due to their inherent instability and the barrier function of the skin's surface, they often have limited skin absorption and penetration, which can significantly hinder their skincare benefits. To address this, a novel technique called NanoGlow has been introduced for encapsulating peptide-based cosmetic raw materials into engineered nanosized plant-derived exosomes (pExo) to achieve the goal of a healthier and more radiant skin state. In this approach, pExo served as carriers for cosmetic peptides across the intact skin barrier, enhancing their biological effectiveness in skin beauty. The NanoGlow strategy combines chemical activation and physical proencapsulation, boasting a high success rate and straightforward and stable operation, making it suitable for large-scale production. Comprehensive analysis using in vitro cellular absorption and skin penetration models has demonstrated that the nanosized pExo carriers significantly improve peptide penetration into the skin compared to free peptides. Furthermore, in vivo tissue slice studies have shown that pExo carriers efficiently deliver acetyl hexapeptide-8 to the skin's dermis, surpassing the performance of free peptides. Cosmetic skincare effect analysis has also indicated that pExo-loaded cosmetic peptides deliver superior results. Therefore, the NanoGlow technique harnesses the natural size and properties of pExo to maximize the bioavailability of cosmetic peptides, holding great promise for developing advanced peptide delivery systems in both the cosmetic and medical drug industries.

Fabrication of multifunctional facial masks from phenolic acid grafted chitosan/collagen peptides via aqueous electrospinning

Facial masks have become ubiquitous in our daily life to endow skin enough moisture and activated nutrition through mask nonwovens infused with skincare ingredients. However, the active nutrients in wet masks are prone to deterioration and deactivation. Herein, a novel multifunctional nanofiber dry mask was successfully prepared using aqueous-electrospun phenolic acid grafted chitosan/collagen peptides. When used, the functional nanofibers in the mask dissolve through spraying moisture, activating active ingredients in response to water and providing in-situ free radical scavenging, moisturizing and antibacterial effects to the skin. In this work, a series of gallic acid (GA), caffeic acid (CA), and protocatechuic acid (PA) have been studied to be grafted with chitosan to improve water solubility of chitosan (CS). Also, through aqueous electrospinning of phenolic acid-grafted chitosan/collagen peptides, a one-step green multifunctional nanofiber mask was obtained. The results showed that the mask had a 12.14 % moisturizing rate and a 94.09 % activity for removing free radicals from the skin after encountering moisture. Considering its high efficiency, controllable function release, and easy processability, the nanofiber multifunctional mask may provide a competitive alternative to facial masks and promote potential value-added applications of bio-based macro-molecules.

Pengaruh Kualitas Produk, Brand Trust dan Electronic Word of Mouth Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian pada Produk Sunscreen Wardah Berkandungan 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor (4-MBC)

The beauty industry is currently growing rapidly, especially among young people and adults ; many well-known companies are trying to compete in the midst of business development; skin care products, especially for facial skin, have made companies increasingly strict in creating various products according to consumer tastes. In the last five years, BPOM noted cosmetics grew by 20.6 percent. Based on the competition in the cosmetics business that occurs in the current market, consumers have their own considerations regarding product offerings, product quality, different brands, and prices. The quality and content of skincare ingredients that are safe to use is one of the considerations for consumers to use as facial care equipment. One of the brands currently experiencing competition is the Wardah brand in the sunscreen category. this study aims to determine the effect of product quality, brand trust, and electronic word of mouth on purchasing decisions on wardah sunscreen products containing 4-methylbenzylidene Champor. This type of research is descriptive quantitative—sampling techniques using nonprobability sampling techniques with purposive sampling. The population in this study were all people in Bandung City who had used wardah sunscreen containing 4-MBC. the sample used was 100 respondents, and the data collection technique used a Likert scale, which was distributed using Google Forms. The results of data analysis show that partial product quality significantly affects purchasing decisions, and electronic word of mouth has no significant effect on purchasing decisions on wardah sunscreen products containing 4-MBC.

Clinical Investigation of Collagen-Based Electrospun Nanofibers for Enhanced Delivery of Skincare Ingredients

Nanofiber-based materials, due to their unique properties, are of remarkable interest across multiple fields of applications, including cosmetics. Collagen, a primary structural protein in human skin, is well-regarded for its critical role in maintaining skin health, elasticity, and enhancing skin regeneration. This study reports the characterization, safety, and efficacy evaluation of DermaLayr™, a novel collagen-based nanofiber platform, for skincare application. The collagen nanofibers were developed using a sonic electrospinning technique, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses indicated that the nanofibers were uniform with average fiber diameters ranging from 250 to 300 nm. The skin permeation studies on EpiDerm™ indicated that applying the test products resulted in around 5–25% higher collagen permeation into the epidermis, and 16–20% higher collagen permeation into the dermis when compared to the non-treated sample. Additionally, the safety of the developed nanofibers was assessed in vitro and in vivo and both the studies indicated their non-toxic and non-irritant properties. Moreover, clinical trials on human subjects further substantiated the clinical efficacy of DermaLayr™ by demonstrating significant improvement in several skin parameters such as hydration, elasticity, and overall skin health. In summary, the findings of this study emphasize the huge potential of DermaLayr™ nanofiber products for their safe application in cosmetics and skin therapeutics.

Exploring the Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Wound-Healing Proprieties of Cepaea hortensis Snail Mucin

Long before its popularization as a skincare ingredient, snail slime was reported to have a variety of health-promoting attributes. Its medicinal use involved the treatment of ailments, such as anthrax, hernias, stomach pain, chest pain, as well as tuberculosis. The main aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and wound-healing properties of snail slime from Cepaea hortensis (Müller, 1774) (brown garden snail). The slime was extracted by a mild method, and the anti-inflammatory characteristics were determined by croton-oil-induced mouse-ear edema. The histological study showed that the snail slime exerts its action at the level of inflammatory mediators, explaining the drastic decrease of edema (59% in comparison to the 47% of indomethacin). The daily application of 50 µL (15 mg/kg) of snail slime on excision wounds in rabbits proved to induce an almost full tissue repair after 24 days of treatment (87.80–92.7% wound closure in width and length, respectively). Analysis of the slime’s safety aspect allowed affirming the nontoxicity of snail slime on both the skin and eyes.

Efek Blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) Terhadap Kelembapan Kulit yang Terpapar Sinar Ultraviolet Akut

Introduction: Maintained skin moisture is an indication of healthy skin. Acute UV exposure can cause sunburn, which is characterized by a loss of moisture in the skin. Polyphenol compounds are one practical approach to protecting the skin from sunburn so that skin moisture is maintained. Blueberries are one of the natural ingredients consists of anthocyanin compounds, which are polyphenols from the flavonoid group.
 Aims: To determine the effect of blueberries on skin moisture exposed to acute ultraviolet rays.
 Methods: Literature study using references in the form of research articles and literature reviews from national and international journals and related books published in the last 10 years. In writing this literature review, 42 references were used which were accessed through Google Scholar, NCBI, Crossref, and Pubmed.
 Results: Blueberries anthocyanins can maintain skin moisture from increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) due to acute UV ray exposure by reducing the formation of UV stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation in keratinocyte cells to maintain the elastic modulus and mechanical properties of keratinocytes as well as can prevent sunburn by reducing the skin's modulation of UV exposure. However, the absorption of anthocyanin compounds in the intestine is so low that taking blueberries orally alone is not enough to achieve good biodistribution.
 Conclusion: Blueberries affect retaining moisture in skin exposed to acute UV rays, so they have the potential to be used as skincare ingredients. However, further research needs to be done, especially to determine the side effects that can be caused and the required extract concentration.

Research on the anti-aging efficacy of fermented lysate VHProbi® MixA as the functional skincare ingredient.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a cream containing VHProbi® MixA for improving skin aging. In vitro studies demonstrated that the lysate produced from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei E12 (E12) exhibited immunoregulatory effects in a 3D skin model, with significant reductions in levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and IL-8 (P<0.05) compared with the control group. In addition, the lysate of E12 mitigated the hydrogen peroxide-induced mortality of 3D skin cells and enhanced the transepithelial electrical resistance to show significant differences in comparison with control (P<0.05), suggesting favorable antioxidant effects. The antioxidant capacity of the lysate of E12 was also confirmed using the Caenorhabditis elegans N2 model. C. elegans N2 fed the E12 strain showed a significantly higher % survival than those fed Escherichia coli OP50 (P<0.05). Subsequently, VHProbi® MixA was formulated using the fermented lysates of E12, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum E15, and Limosilactobacillus reuteri E18. In a clinical study to ascertain if a cream containing VHProbi® MixA could improve the skin aging trends, participants were asked to use the investigational products for 60 days, and six indicators, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration, elasticity, wrinkles, skin texture (roughness), and pores were measured at baseline and the endpoint of the study. A self-evaluation questionnaire analysis was also provided. TEWL, wrinkles, skin texture, and thickness of pores decreased significantly after treatment with the cream for 60 days (P<0.01), whereas hydration and elasticity increased significantly (P<0.01), in comparison to the baseline measurements. We hypothesize that the use of the cream containing VHProbi® MixA could be favorable for skin anti-aging management.

Repair effect of Centella asiatica (L.) extract on damaged HaCaT cells studied by atomic force microscopy.

People's choice of cosmetics is no longer just 'Follow the trend', but pays more attention to the ingredients of cosmetics, whether the ingredients of cosmetics are beneficial to people's skin health; therefore, more and more skin-healthy ingredients have been discovered and used in cosmetics. In this work, atomic force microscope (AFM) is used to provide physical information about biomolecules and living cells; it brings us a new method of high-precision physical measurement. Centella asiatica (L.) extract has the ability to promote skin wound healing, but its healing effect on damaged HaCaT cells needs to be investigated, which plays a key role in judging the effectiveness of skincare ingredients. The objective of this study was to explore the impact of Centella asiatica (L.) extract on ethanol-damaged human immortalised epidermal HaCaT cells based on AFM. We established a model of cellular damage and evaluated cell viability using the MTT assay. The physical changes of cell height, roughness, adhesion and Young's modulus were measured by AFM. The findings indicated that the Centella asiatica (L.) extract had a good repair effect on injured HaCaT cells, and the optimal concentration was 75μg/mL.

Perceptions of skincare ingredients and product labels in pediatric eczema care.

Educating pediatric eczema patients and caregivers on appropriate product selection and avoidance of common irritants or allergens is a crucial aspect of eczema management. This study surveyed 80 pediatric caregivers in an academic pediatric dermatology clinic to assess influential factors in caregivers' selection of pediatric eczema-care products and identify ways to improve patient counseling on appropriate product selection and avoidance of common irritants or allergens. Caregivers frequently reported positive perceptions of commonly recommended ingredients for eczema but had inconsistent perceptions of fragrant plant oils and extracts, regardless of previous counseling on fragrance avoidance. These findings demonstrate uncertainty and misperceptions perpetuated by product labeling and a need for improved counseling strategies for avoiding fragrance and excessive product costs.

Hyaluronic acid skin boosters: the holy grail of skin health

Skincare and skin health have risen to ever-increasing prominence in recent years, and there are many products and treatments available on the market that advertise themselves as miracle cure-alls. Hyaluronic acid, a popular skincare ingredient, may indeed live up to the claims, but its efficacy is dependent on its mode of delivery. Skin boosters comprising injectable hyaluronic acid may offer a way to revitalise patients' skin from the inside out. Francesca Ramadan elaborates

Effect of L-4-Thiazolylalanine (Protinol™) on skin barrier strength and skin protection.

Skin barrier properties are critical for maintaining epidermal water content, protecting from environmental factors and providing the first line of defense against pathogens. In this study, we investigated the non-proteinogenic amino acid L-4-Thiazolylalanine (L4) as a potential active ingredient in skin protection and barrier strength. L4 on wound healing, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties were evaluated using monolayers and 3D skin equivalents. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) value was used in vitro as a strong indicator of barrier strength and integrity. Clinical L4 efficacy was assessed for the evaluation of the skin barrier integrity and soothing benefits. In vitro treatments of L4 show beneficial effects in wound closure mechanism, and we demonstrate that L4 anti-oxidant benefits with markedly increased HSP70 and decreased reactive oxygen species production induced by UVs exposure. Barrier strength and integrity were significantly improved by L4, confirmed clinically by an increase in 12R-lipoxygenase enzymatic activity in the stratum corneum. In addition, soothing benefits of L4 have been shown clinically with the decrease in redness after methyl nicotinate application on the inner arm and the significant reduction of the erythema and the skin desquamation on the scalp. L4 delivered multiple skin benefits by strengthening the skin barrier, accelerating the skin repair process as well as soothing the skin and the scalp with anti-inflammaging effects. The observed efficacy validates L4 as a desirable skincare ingredient for topical treatment.