Skin Care Formulations Research Articles

Bench to Any Side—The Pharmacology and Applications of Natural and Synthetic Alkylated Hydroxy Cinnamates and Cinnamides

Natural alkylated hydroxy cinnamates (AHCs) isolated from medicinal plants and the thereby designed and synthesized cinnamides are derivatives of hydroxy cinnamic acids such as p-coumaric, sinapic, ferulic, and caffeic acids, which are naturally derived from human dietary sources. The pharmacological properties displayed by AHCs based on their inherent structure range include antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, anti-tyrosinase, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease therapy, anticancer therapy, metabolic disease therapy, and biopesticides, which have not been reviewed together. Based on their inherent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and UV absorption and their structure–activity relationships, these cinnamyl esters and amides can be used for food preservation in emulsions and oils, as sun-protective components of skin care formulations, and in many other multifunctional applications. In conclusion, the fine-tuning of the structural features such as the type of hydroxy cinnamic acid used, the length of alkyl chains for variable lipophilicity, conversion from cinnamic to propanoic for antioxidants, the increase in methoxy or the change to amino groups to increase the molar absorption coefficient and loss of absorption values, the substitution by halides or amino groups for potent biopesticides, and conversion from esters to amide bonds leads to different AHCs for biomedical, cosmetic, and agriculture applications as an emerging field of investigation that can overall provide natural, safe, biodegradable, and sustainable molecules.

Assessment of the Effect of Berberine on Metalloprotease Enzymes Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity: Possible Application in Skin Aging

Skin aging has been defined to enclose both intrinsic and extrinsic aging. Phytochemicals are frequently used for developing skin care formulations and could protect the skin’s epidermal and dermal layers, consisting mainly of elastin and collagen, from UV radiation. Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid and a biologically active component from plant sources. Our objective was to assess Berberine’s anti-aging capabilities by conducting elastase and collagenase enzyme inhibition and kinetic studies and to also evaluating its antioxidant capacity with three different methods. Furthermore, heat stability, pH and sun protection factor (SPF) of the formulated cream containing 1.5% berberine was evaluated. The elastase and collagenase IC50 values of berberine were estimated to be 47.54 and, 22.16 µg/mL respectively. Berberine was determined as an un-competitive inhibitor of elastase and collagenase. It scavenged DPPH and ABTS free radicals with IC50 values of 66.81 and 180.5 µg/mL respectively. 210.387 mg/L of berberine was equivalent in reducing power of 176 mg/L of ascorbic acid. SPF and pH value of cream containing berberine was found to be 12.3 and 5.62 respectively. In conclusion, these findings suggest that Berberine is a promising candidate for use as an active ingredient in cosmeceuticals, offering a natural approach to enhance skin health and reduce the visible signs of aging.

Efficacy of a Postbiotic Formulation Combined WithMicroneedling for Mild-to-Moderate Acne: A Self-Control Study.

Acne vulgaris significantly affects young individuals globally, with its onset associated with an increased prevalence of C acnes, a naturally occurring skin bacterium. In light of the rising concerns regarding antibiotic resistance and the potential for adverse effects, pharmacological interventions may not consistently represent the most suitable option. Nonpharmacological approaches, such as microneedling, offer promising alternative treatment modalities. Furthermore, the integration of postbiotics in skincare formulations for acne management has gained traction recently. Nonetheless, there remains a lack of sufficient evidence to establish the efficacy and safety of postbiotics when combined with microneedling. To assess the clinical effectiveness of a postbiotic formulation combined with microneedling in mild-to-moderate facial acne vulgaris. Twenty Chinese patients were enrolled, all received one treatment and were monitored 4 weeks posttreatment. The evaluation assessed symptom improvement, treatment safety, and patient satisfaction. The global acne grading system (GAGS) score decreased more than half based on the baseline. Clinical photographs following treatment revealed improved the skin lesions and brightened skin tone. Statistics from VISIA showed excellent improvement in speckle, pore, red region, and porphyrin. No significant adverse reactions have been reported during the treatment period. Additionally, more than 85% were very satisfied or satisfied with the outcome. Our results showed that the postbiotic formulation combined with microneedling may benefit the restoration of the skin barrier and the equilibrium of skin microbiota. This approach may help mitigate inflammation and address skin lesions, presenting a promising therapeutic avenue for the prevention and management of acne vulgaris.

Revealing the Therapeutic Potential: Investigating the Impact of a Novel Witch Hazel Formula on Anti-Inflammation and Antioxidation.

Skin barrier health is crucial for preventive and corrective skincare across all skin types. Witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) extracts show potential in addressing skin issues, but their efficacy in treating chronic inflammation, improving skin barrier function, and combating UV-induced oxidation requires further investigation. To evaluate the efficacy of a novel formula containing witch hazel extracts in treating chronic inflammation, improving skin barrier function, and combating UV-induced oxidation. We employed a novel exvivo chronic inflammation model to assess anti-inflammatory effects, measuring key pro-inflammatory cytokines. Barrier function markers, such as loricrin and transglutaminase-1, were analyzed. An exvivo model with UV-induced Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) elevation was used to evaluate antioxidant properties, measuring specific ROS markers like 4-Hydroxynonenal and carbonylated protein. The novel witch hazel formula significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines in both 2D and exvivo models, including IL-6 and IL-8, demonstrating potent anti-inflammatory effects. Barrier function markers showed notable improvements compared to the inflamed condition. In the UV-induced ROS model, the formula remarkably decreased ROS levels, specifically 4-Hydroxynonenal and carbonylated protein, indicating strong antioxidant properties. Our findings demonstrate that the novel witch hazel formula exhibits potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties while enhancing skin barrier function. This natural, well-tolerated ingredient offers a promising treatment option for improving overall skin health, presenting new opportunities in skincare formulation and treatment strategies.

An Insight into the Cosmetic and Dermatologic Applications of the Molecules of Palmyra Palm

Palmyra palm is a resourceful plant species that can be put to use in superabundance. Its extensive range of use stretches in all directions—making it useful for consumption in countless forms, and the cosmetic industry is not a deviation from this. In accordance with the beneficial molecules generated in it, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids and others, the addition of Palmyra raises incentives like reduction and microbe prevention when developed into therapeutic products. Therefore, the virtues of Palmyra fruit, sap, leaves, pulp, bark, haustoria and other parts are being diversely exploited in the beauty and health industry at present. To summarise the compass of Palmyra palm and its products in cosmetology and dermatology, an overview is drafted exploring the extant literature on the topic. Following the description of the available molecules, their adoption into skincare products and in vivo effects was analysed in this study. Aiming to highlight the prospects of Palmyra in skin and personal care formulations, this article discusses the span of its potential in light of its physicochemical attributes.

Exploring the Therapeutical Potential of Asparagopsis armata Biomass: A Novel Approach for Acne Vulgaris Treatment.

Acne vulgaris, a high-prevalence skin condition afflicting people, persists as a significant challenge in the absence of effective treatments and emerging antibiotic resistance. To address this pressing concern, exploration of innovative approaches is of the utmost importance. Asparagopsis armata, an invasive red seaweed renowned for its diverse array of bioactive compounds, emerges as a promising candidate. This study seeks to elucidate the potential utility of A. armata biomass in the treatment of acne vulgaris. Crude extracts were obtained through solid-liquid extraction, and fractions were obtained using liquid-liquid extraction. The analyzed bioactivities included antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory. Also, chemical characterization was performed to identify free fatty acids and compounds through LC-MS and elements. The present findings unveil compelling attributes, including anti-Cutibacterium acnes activity, cytotoxic and non-cytotoxic effects, antioxidant properties, and its ability to reduce nitric oxide production with consequent anti-inflammatory potential. Additionally, chemical characterization provides insights into its mineral elements, free fatty acids, and diverse compounds. The observed antimicrobial efficacy may be linked to halogenated compounds and fatty acids. Cytoprotection appears to be associated with the presence of glycerolipids and glycosylated metabolites. Furthermore, its antioxidant activity, coupled with anti-inflammatory properties, can be attributed to phenolic compounds, such as flavonoids. This study underscores the potential of A. armata as a natural ingredient in skincare formulations, offering an important contribution to the ongoing battle against acne vulgaris.

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) Extracts in Cosmetics: A Review of Bioactive Properties for Skin and Hair Wellness

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), native to Southern Asia, stands out for its significant nutritional and therapeutic properties. Its adaptability and resilience have enabled its global cultivation, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive scientific research to fully harness its potential. Rich in bioactive compounds like flavonoids, polyphenols, vitamin C, polysaccharides, tannins, and saponins, jujube extracts exhibit notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound healing properties. These qualities have made jujube a popular ingredient in various skin and hair care formulations. The versatility of jujube extracts, along with their synergy with other herbal active ingredients, enables the development of targeted personal care solutions. These solutions address a range of concerns, including anti-aging, UV protection, brightening, moisturizing, and calming effects, as well as promoting hair health. Despite its potential, research on the cosmetic applications of Z. jujuba is still in its early stages, with only one clinical trial to date focusing on its skin-brightening effects. This review aims to consolidate the current and emerging research on the applications of jujube in conventional and medical cosmetics, highlighting its potential in enhancing skin and hair wellness. By providing a comprehensive overview, it seeks to pave the way for further studies and innovations in utilizing jujube for personal care.

Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity of Crude Procyanidin Extract from Green Soybean Seed and the Stability of Bioactive Compounds in an Anti-Aging Skin Care Formulation

Green soybean (Glycine max L.) seed contains a high procyanidin content and high antioxidant activity. Moreover, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has proved to be advantageous in providing high extraction efficiency. Hence, this study aimed to extract procyanidins from green soybean seeds (GSSs) using UAE. This study also evaluated the inhibitory activities of tyrosinase and the cytotoxic effects of crude procyanidin extract. The extract exhibited maximum levels of bioactive components and antioxidant capacity when subjected to a temperature of 15 °C and an extraction time of 20 min. The crude procyanidin extract at a concentration of 10 mg/mL inhibited the tyrosinase enzyme by more than 60%, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value obtained for the extract was 6.85 ± 0.81 mg/mL. This result was much greater than the IC50 value obtained for kojic acid (0.089 ± 0.08 mg/mL), which was used as a positive control. For the cytotoxicity assessment, the results indicated that the crude procyanidin extract showed no cytotoxicity and actually stimulated the growth of human skin fibroblast cells. More than 80% of the bioactive compounds (total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), procyanidin content (PC)) and antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP) of the crude extract powder were retained at 38.68 ± 0.01 mg GAE/g, 16.07 ± 0.01 mg CAE/g, 9.24 ± 0.01 mg PC/g, 359.8 ± 0.72 μM Trolox eq/g, and 1640 ± 2.86 μM Trolox eq/g, respectively, after 12 weeks of storage at 25 °C. The crude procyanidin extract powder was then included in a facial serum formulation and tested for pH value and physical evaluation. The stability of the crude procyanidin extract facial serum was shown to be greater for bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity when stored at a temperature of 4 °C than when stored at a temperature of 25 °C. These results suggest that the GSS extracts obtained via ultrasonication show promise for use in cosmeceutical formulations for whitening skincare products.

Photoprotective properties of four structure propolis from Heterotrigona itama stingless beehive: Fractionation, bioactivity analysis, and chemical profiling

Heterotrigona itama stingless bee propolis extract is known for its diverse bioactive compounds, making it a potential natural shield against UV radiation. This research assesses the photoprotective potential of crude ethanol extract from H. itama propolis collected from four structures (involucrum, pillar, pot, and entrance) of five bee hives (H1-H5), totalling 20 samples. Initially, the samples underwent testing for SPF value and UV absorption spectra. The crude ethanol extract (E) from the involucrum (H4) with the highest SPF value and broadest spectrum was selected for fractionation using hexane and water. Subsequently, the extract (E) and its hexane (H) and water (W) fractions were subjected to SPF analysis, UVA/UVB absorption assessment, determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, free radical scavenging capacity, anti-collagenase effects, and cytotoxicity assessment. Additionally, LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to identify chemical constituents in the active fraction (W). The extract E demonstrated an SPF of 8.23 ± 0.09 and UV absorption. Notably, its fraction W exhibited the highest SPF (16.55 ± 0.24) at 100 μg/mL, surpassing the H fraction (SPF 5.7 ± 0.45). Phenolic content was highest in the H fraction (388.95 ± 4.54 mg/g GAE DW), followed by the W fraction (286.76 ± 6.48 mg/g GAE DW) and crude E (91.83 ± 4.12 mg/g GAE DW) from the involucrum. Regarding flavonoids, the fraction W led with 79.82 ± 6.21 mg/g QE DW, followed by the H fraction (45.56 ± 0.05 mg/g QE DW) and E (34.57 ± 1.11 mg/g QE DW). The extract E also exhibited modest DPPH scavenging (EC50 = 120 μg/mL), while the H fraction demonstrated stronger activity (EC50 = 4.37 μg/mL), and the W fraction displayed moderate effects (EC50 = 17.55 μg/mL). Notably, the W fraction showed remarkable anti-collagenase activity, outperforming the positive control, EG. HaCaT cell cytotoxicity revealed that the extract E was cytotoxic, whereas the H and W fractions showed no toxicity. LC-MS/MS analysis identified bioactive flavonoids (e.g., pratensein, quercetin) in the W fraction. These findings highlight the superior photoprotective properties of the water fraction from the involucrum of H. itama stingless bee propolis extract, suggesting its potential as a natural and effective ingredient for sunscreen and skincare formulations.

Current trends and requirements in sensors for hydroxy acid-based skincare treatments: A mini-review

Hydroxy acids (HAs) play a pivotal role in skincare formulations that address dry skin, acne, and signs of aging by modulating skin keratinization. The effectiveness of HAs depends on precise application, concentration, and adaptability to individual skin types. The effect of HAs on the skin must be monitored to ensure safe, effective, and personalized skincare. This review highlights current sensor technologies for HA treatment of the skin, including measurements of pH, skin hydration, pigmentation, and transepidermal water loss. In addition, we explored key sensing elements related to HA application, such as Ca2+ concentration in the epidermis, hyaluronic acid levels, and glucose in the interstitial fluid, as well as the HA concentration in biofluids. We also highlighted the role of advanced sensor technologies in improving HA treatment and provided guidance to dermatologists and researchers regarding the use of cutting-edge methods. Finally, we discussed the emerging trends and prospects of sensor technologies, highlighting the synergy between artificial intelligence and multimodal sensing for the realization of smart, personalized at-home skincare solutions.

Revelation the sea's secret: Seaweed's rise as a potent cosmetic ingredient

Due to their bioactive compounds with beneficial properties, seaweeds have high potential in cosmetics science and they are highly appreciated not only because of variability but due to a multitude sources. In this review, we have elaborated on the multifaceted roles of seaweed-derived ingredients used in skin and hair care formulations focusing both on their biological components as well as extraction processes resulting in therapeutic properties. Here, the effectiveness of seaweed extracts in moisturising, anti-ageing and sun protection applications are discussed as well as sustainability and suggestions for future directions. This review highlights the importance of seaweeds establishment as a natural ingredient, effective properties and expected sustainability on contemporary cosmetic formulations through state-of-art scientific evidence providing promising ways to modernizing processes in the beauty industry.

Protective effect of ferulic acid-hyaluronic acid copolymer against UVB irradiation in a human HaCaT cell line

Excessive UVB exposure increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative damage and epidermal inflammation. To enhance UVB protection effect, a strong phenolic antioxidant, ferulic acid (FA) was designed onto HA via a free radical mediated method. Our previous work has confirmed its structural characterization and in vitro antioxidant. The aim of this study was to evaluate its protective effects against UVB-induced damage in human HaCaT cells. We observed a significant reduction in cell viability to 57.43 % following UVB exposure at a dose of 80 mJ/cm2. However, pretreatment with FA-HA (250 to 2000 μg·mL−1) significantly attenuated cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, FA-HA was found to suppress the intracellular generation of ROS and up-regulated the expression of the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). The elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) as well as the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1/9 (MMP-1/9) induced by UVB irradiation, were also effectively reduced by FA-HA. Additionally, FA-HA treatment decreases the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), ultimately preventing apoptosis. These findings suggest that FA-HA is a promising candidate for UVB protection in skincare formulations.

A Review of the Anti-Inflammatory Skincare Potential of Epilobium angustifolium (Fireweed) Inspired by Herbal Tradition

The demand for naturally derived cosmetic ingredients is rising as consumers increasingly prioritize green and environmentally friendly products. Naturally derived ingredients, such as plant extracts rich in polyphenols like flavonoids and tannins, are often perceived as more sustainable and beneficial for skincare. Epilobium angustifolium (fireweed) is a circumpolar plant with traditional uses in Northern and Eastern Europe known for its skincare benefits. This review explores the chemical composition, traditional uses, and potential skincare benefits of E. angustifolium, focusing on its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Literature surveys, ethnopharmacological research, and database searches were conducted to investigate the properties of E. angustifolium. The plant contains various compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, steroids, and triterpenes, each with potential skincare benefits. Pharmacological reports suggest that E. angustifolium exhibits antioxidant and antibacterial properties, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare products. The availability of E. angustifolium in the market as a raw material for cosmetics offers opportunities for formulators to create innovative products with skin-conditioning and anti-inflammatory properties. Understanding the chemical composition and bioactivity of E. angustifolium can guide the development of effective and sustainable skincare formulations.

52306 Clinical Assessment of Anti-Aging Benefits of a Facial Skincare Formulation: a biomarker-centered approach to antioxidative defense

52306 Clinical Assessment of Anti-Aging Benefits of a Facial Skincare Formulation: a biomarker-centered approach to antioxidative defense

Macrofungal Extracts as a Source of Bioactive Compounds for Cosmetical Anti-Aging Therapy: A Comprehensive Review.

For centuries, mushrooms have been used as a component of skincare formulations. Environmental stresses and a modern lifestyle expose the skin to accelerated aging. To slow down this process, natural anti-aging skincare ingredients are being sought. In this review, 52 scientific publications about the effects of chemical compounds extracted from the fruiting bodies of macrofungi on skin cells were selected. The effects of extracts from nine species that are tested for anti-aging effects have been described. According to available literature data, macrofungi contain many polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, polysaccharide peptides, free amino acids, sterols, proteins, glycosides, triterpenes, alkaloids, which can have an anti-aging effect on the skin by acting as antioxidants, photoprotective, skin whitening, moisturizing, anti-inflammatory and stabilizing collagen, elastin and hyaluronic acid levels in the skin.

Efficacy of Vitamin B12 and Adenosine Triphosphate in Enhancing Skin Radiance: Unveiled with a Drug-Target Interaction Deep Learning-Based Model.

Skin radiance is crucial for enhancing facial attractiveness and is negatively affected by factors like hyperpigmentation and aging-related changes. Current treatments often lack comprehensive solutions for improving skin radiance. This study aimed to develop a cosmetic formula that enhances skin radiance by reducing hyperpigmentation and improving skin regeneration by targeting specific receptors-the endothelin receptor type B (EDNRB) for hyperpigmentation and the adiponectin receptor 1 (ADIPOR1) for sagging and wrinkles. To achieve this, we used artificial intelligence technologies to screen and select ingredients with an affinity for EDNRB and ADIPOR1. Vitamin B12 (VitB12) was identified as a molecule that targets EDNRB, which is involved in melanogenesis. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) targets ADIPOR1, which is associated with skin regeneration. VitB12 successfully inhibited intracellular calcium elevation and melanogenesis induced by endothelin-1. In contrast, ATP increased the mRNA expression of collagen and elastin and promoted wound healing. Moreover, the VitB12 and ATP complex significantly increased the expression of hyaluronan synthases, which are crucial for skin hydration. Furthermore, in human participants, the application of the VitB12 and ATP complex to one-half of the face significantly improved skin radiance, elasticity, and texture. Our findings provide valuable insights for the development of skincare formulations.

Mitigation of ultraviolet-induced erythema and inflammation by para-hydroxycinnamic acid in human skin.

To evaluate whether p-hydroxycinnamic acid (pHCA) alone and in combination with niacinamide (Nam) can mitigate UV-induced erythema, barrier disruption, and inflammation. Three independent placebo-controlled double-blinded studies were conducted on female panellists who were pretreated on sites on their backs for 2 weeks with skin care formulations which contained 0.3% or 1% pHCA with 5% Nam, 1% pHCA alone, 1.8% octinoxate, or control formula. Treated sites were then exposed to 1.5 minimal erythemal dose (MED) solar simulated radiation (SSR) and had chromameter and expert grading measures for erythema, barrier integrity via TEWL, and the skin surface IL-1RA/IL-1α inflammatory biomarkers isolated from D-Squame tapes. Across the three independent studies, pHCA alone or in combination with Nam showed a significant mitigation of UV-induced erythema, barrier disruption, and levels of the surface inflammatory biomarkers IL-1RA/IL-1α. The cinnamate analogue Octinoxate did not replicate the effects of pHCA. The study results show that pHCA alone or in combination with Nam can mitigate UV-induced damage to skin. These include mitigation of UV-induced erythema as measured by instrument and expert grade visualization. Additionally, pHCA with Nam protected damage to the barrier and reduced the induction of the SASP-related surface inflammatory biomarker IL-1RA/IL-1α. The inability of Octinoxate to have any protective effect and the detection of low levels of pHCA on skin surface after 24 h of application supports that these effects are based on a biological response to pHCA. These findings add to the body of evidence that pHCA alone or in combination with Nam can enhance the skin's biological response to UV-induced damage. This supports pHCA can potentially impact aging and senescence, thereby maintain skin's functionality and appearance.

Impact of multilamellar formulations on stratum corneumlipid organization and epidermal lipid barrier enhancement (Part II).

The integrity of the stratum corneum (SC) is crucial for the skin's barrier function, protecting against environmental stressors and minimizing transepidermal water loss. Advances in skincare formulations have introduced multilamellar systems designed to emulate the SC's lipid composition and organization. This study hypothesizes that the application of a multilamellar cream will significantly impact the SC's lipid content and lamellar structure, thereby enhancing the epidermal barrier. A saturated phosphatidylcholine-based multilamellar cream was applied to a cohort of adult subjects with very dry skin. Electron microscopy was utilized to analyse the micro-morphology of the cream and its integration into the lipid-depleted SC. Lipid analysis was conducted to quantify changes in the intercellular lipid matrix. Transmission-electron microscopy (TEM) imaging demonstrated that the multilamellar cream possesses a structured arrangement comparable to the natural SC architecture. Short-term application revealed a time-dependent restoration of lipid bilayers, while a 14-day regimen showed a marked increase in lipid lamellae density and length within the SC. Lipid analysis indicated a significant increase in total lipid content, with notable enhancements in ceramide and free fatty acid levels, without altering cholesterol levels. Lipid ratio analysis further confirmed the rebalancing of the SC's lipid composition. The multilamellar cream selectively increased specific lipids critical for barrier function, suggesting an action mechanism that aligns with the skin's natural regulatory processes. This selective augmentation indicates the potential of the formulation to not only restore but also enhance the epidermal barrier, with the maintenance of physiological lipid ratios suggesting compatibility with intrinsic repair mechanisms. The study confirms that a multilamellar cream can significantly improve the SC's lipid composition and structural integrity, indicating enhanced barrier function. They are pivotal for skincare professionals, dermatologists, and product developers, enriching the understanding of multilamellar creams' benefits and applications in improving epidermal barrier function.

Wrinkle Reduction Using Tetrapeptide-68 Contained in an O/W Formulation: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study.

Peptides, composed of 2-50 amino acids, have gained attention in anti-aging treatments due to their high safety, low irritation, and cost-effective production. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-wrinkle efficacy of Tetrapeptide-68, derived from the skin structural protein Loricrin, on periorbital wrinkles in women aged 30-65 years. A 12-week, double-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted with 25 participants who applied the Tetrapeptide-68 (100 ppm) O/W formulation around the eyes. Skin physiological parameters were assessed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Participants also completed efficacy and usability questionnaires. Significant improvements in wrinkle reduction were observed with Tetrapeptide-68 cream treatment, as measured by various skin roughness parameters and 3D imaging analysis. Participants reported positive changes in skin texture and moisture levels, with no adverse reactions noted. Tetrapeptide-68 cream demonstrates promising anti-wrinkle effects, highlighting its potential as an effective ingredient in anti-aging skincare formulations. Further studies are recommended to explore its long-term benefits and underlying mechanisms.

To Formulate Herbal Face Wash from Pomegranate Peel Powder

This study focuse on the formulation of a facewash using pomegranate peel extract, a by product rich in bioactive compounds. Pomegranate peel, often discarded as waste, contains polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidants known for their skin benefits. The extraction process involves optimizing conditions to maximize bioactive compound yield while maintaining stability. Formulation parameters such as surfactant type, pH, and viscosity are optimized to enhance product efficacy and consumer acceptance. The final product is evaluated for its physicochemical properties, stability, and skin compatibility through in vitro and , demonstrating its potential as a natural and sustainable ingredient in skincare formulations.