Skimmed Dairy Products Research Articles

The effects of creamy and skimmed dairy products (milk, yoghurt and cheese) on lipid profile of healthy rats

Milk and dairy products contain saturated fatty acids that have different effects on human health status and are risk factors for many diseases including cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of creamy and skimmed milk administration and certain dairy products (yoghurt and cheese) on healthy rats. A total of forty-nine healthy male Sprague Dawley rats were divided to seven groups. The treatment diet includes creamy and skimmed milk, creamy and skimmed yoghurt, creamy and skimmed cheese. After 60 days of consumption, body weight (BW) and lipids profile were measured. The final BW was higher in rats fed with creamy milk (256.40±23.81), and rats fed with creamy yoghurt (262.71±25.41) and creamy cheese (266.57±22.71). A significant elevation in the liver (aspartate aminotransferase and serum alanine) and kidney functions (urea, creatinine, and uric acid) have been observed in rats fed with fresh creamy whole milk and skimmed milk groups. The measured lipid profile has increased, especially rats fed with creamy milk, creamy, and skimmed cheese. In which, the total cholesterol has reached 159.70, 170.11 and 160.11. Meanwhile, the triglycerides increased to 125.51, 117.35 and 110.41. The low-density lipoprotein and the very low-density lipoprotein have also elevated with their atherogenic indexes at 5.2±0.55, 5.74±0.68 and 5.31±0.44 respectively. On the other hand, notable decreases were seen in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and liver glycogen compared to rats fed with control diet. In conclusion, both skimmed and creamy yoghurt indicated healthy nutritional properties, especially with lipid and atherogenic indexes by means of healthy liver and renal functions. Thus, yoghurt (creamy or skimmed) improved the healthy rats' lipid profile while creamy milk additions increased the BW. However, cheese (creamy or skimmed) is suggested to be avoided due to hyperlipidemic conditions in rats.

Foods and nutrients consumption and the risk of gallstone disease: A nested case-control study in Rosario, Argentina

The etiology of Gallstone Disease (GD) is multivariate and it involves genetics and environmental factors. Nutritional exposure is considered the main environmental influence that contributes to gallstone formation. The aim of this study was to assess the association between diet and GD. A nested case-control study based on a previous representative screening of asymptomatic subjects living in Rosario, Argentina, was carried out. Participants underwent a personal interview. Food and nutrient intake were estimated by applying a food-frequency questionnaire, a food photography atlas, and software for food composition. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted by potential confounders. A total of 120 patients, 51 cases and 69 controls, were studied. Statistically significant differences in average daily energy intake were found between cases and controls (p = 0.002). Total fats, chicken with skin, sausages, and cold cuts intakes were higher in the cases group. However, the control group was characterized by a statistically significant higher consumption of vegetables, fresh fruits, nuts, chicken without skin, and skimmed dairy products. Multiple logistic regression showed that GD risk diminished with red and yellow vegetables (OR = 0.037; p = 0,0004) and nuts consumption (OR = 0.201; p = 0.019). Instead, GD risk increases with total fats (OR = 7.959; ρ = 0.0205), fatty cattle meat (OR = 18.163; p = 0.0063), and chicken with skin consumption (OR: 10.595; p = 0.0050). Phosphorus consumption decreases GD risk (OR = 0.055; p = 0.0035). A number of meals also acted as a protective factor. Also, caloric intake was a risk factor. Each 100 kilocalories daily consumed; the risk increases by 12%.

Influence of dietary habits and Mediterranean diet adherence on menopausal symptoms. The FLAMENCO project.

To explore the association of dietary habits and Mediterranean diet adherence with menopausal symptoms. The present study included 172 women recruited from the FLAMENCO project. Menopausal symptoms were assessed with the Kupperman Menopausal Index and the Cervantes Menopause and Health Subscale from the validated Cervantes Scale. A food frequency questionnaire was employed to evaluate dietary habits. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed with the Mediterranean diet score. Intake of poultry and skimmed dairy products was associated with a worse Kupperman Menopausal Index score (β: 0.17, P = 0.03 and β: 0.18, P = 0.01, respectively). On the contrary, soy milk consumption was associated with a better Kupperman Menopausal Index score (β: -0.17, P = 0.02). Poultry and skimmed dairy were associated with worse scores in the total Cervantes Menopause and Health Subscale score (β: 0.22, P = <0.01 and β: 0.19, P = 0.01, respectively), whereas soy milk and vegetables were associated with a better total Cervantes Menopause and Health Subscale score (β: -0.20, P = 0.01 and β: -0.17, P = 0.03, respectively). Regarding vasomotor symptoms, a greater consumption of poultry was associated with worse symptomatology (β: 0.18, P = 0.02), and soy milk consumption was associated with fewer vasomotor symptoms (β: -0.15, P = 0.04). In addition, women with numerous or severe vasomotor symptoms showed a greater consumption of skimmed dairy products (P < 0.05). This study seems to indicate that some women with mild menopausal symptoms may derive benefit from lower consumption of poultry and skimmed dairy products and a greater consumption of vegetables and soy milk.

Foodborne Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (FB-MRSA) in Skimmed Dairy Products in Egypt: Prevalence, Molecular Characterization, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the emerging pathogens worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MRSA among different skimmed dairy products retailed in local markets in Alexandria City, Egypt. Two hundred and ten samples including Kareish cheese, light Feta cheese, light processed cheese, light yoghurt and skimmed milk powder were examined for this purpose by surface spread technique on Baird-Parker agar plates. Further molecular detection of determinant genes of S. aureus (23S rRNA), MRSA (mecA), enterotoxigenic genes B and D (seb, sed) and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were carried out. Out of 210 examined samples, MRSA could detect in 7 samples, meanwhile enterotoxigenic genes could not detect in all isolated strains. All MRSA isolates were phenotypically resistant to Oxacillin. Meanwhile, 85.7% were susceptible to Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole. Multidrug-resistant was reported in all isolated MRSA strains in this study which may constitute a public health concern. Therefore, strict hygienic measures should be adopted and carried out to preserve such skimmed dairy products from emerging multidrug-resistant MRSA and to ensure food safety.

P170 Four-Week Nutrition Education Series Associated with Improved Dietary Behaviors and Confidence Among SNAP-Eligible Mainers

Background Ten Tips for Adults (10 Tips) was developed by the University of New England, implementing agency for Maine Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education (SNAP-Ed). 10 Tips comprises two independent four-session nutrition education series: Series A focuses on MyPlate while Series B focuses on eating better on a budget. Altarum was contracted by the State of Maine—DHHS Office for Family Independence to evaluate 10 Tips. Objective To assess changes in dietary behaviors and cooking and purchasing foods on a budget among participants in 10 Tips. Study Design, Settings, Participants The target audience is Maine adults eligible for SNAP benefits. A retrospective pre/post survey was administered to 10 Tips participants after the last class. Measurable Outcome/Analysis The survey assessed dietary behaviors and confidence cooking and purchasing foods on a budget before and after participation in 10 Tips. To estimate significant changes, Wilcoxon signed rank tests and z-tests with Bonferroni correction were used. Longitudinal modeling assessed the association between number of sessions attended and outcomes. Results Respondents significantly improved consumption of fruit, vegetables, low-fat and skim dairy products, whole grains, and sweets after participating in 10 Tips (P Conclusion Respondents significantly increased consumption of healthy foods and water, decreased consumption of SSB and sweets, and improved skills in buying and preparing healthy foods on a budget after participation in 10 Tips.

Associations between dietary patterns and depression and anxiety in middle-aged adults: A large cross-sectional analysis among Iranian manufacturing employees

Background: Workers have to spend a substantial proportion of their income on foods and despite the high prevalence of stress among them, little is known about the association of dietary patterns and mental health disorders in this group. We examined whether dietary patterns are associated with depression and anxiety risk in the Iranian workers of steel mill company. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among 3060 workers (2803 males and 260 females) in 2015. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire during the preceding year, and depression and anxiety were evaluated using a Persian-validated Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Major dietary patterns were determined using exploratory factor analysis and the risk of depression and anxiety was assessed across the tertiles of dietary patterns using logistic regression. Results: Three dietary patterns were identified: healthy (loaded by fruit, vegetables and skim dairy products), Western (loaded by processed foods, butter and sweets), and Iranian traditional diet (loaded by refined grains, red meat, poultry and legumes). After adjustment for various confounders, individuals in the highest tertile of healthy diet had lower risk of depression (odds ratio [OR]: 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.32, 0.68) and anxiety (OR: 0.71; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.99) compared with those in the first tertile, whilst greater adherence to the Iranian traditional diet was associated with increased risk of depression (OR: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.24, 2.67) and anxiety (OR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.09). The Western-style diet was marginally associated with increased risk of depression, but not anxiety. Conclusion: Overall, we found healthy diet might be associated with decreased risk of depression and anxiety, but the Iranian traditional diet might be associated with increased risk of depression and anxiety. Therefore, to improve public health, Iranian traditional diet should be adjusted according to the healthy diet recommendations.

Correct and incorrect knowledge of the risk factors concerning the development of arterial hypertension. Part 1. Population of people without hypertension

Introduction. Hypertension (HT) is one of the most common causes of death in the adult population in the world. The lifestyle factors play a significant role in its pathogenesis. To be effective in preventing its development or slowing its progress the society needs to have proper knowledge. Material and methods. The study was conducted in a population of 929 adults who had no known HT. Sociodemographic data were collected from each subject, anthropometric measurements were taken, blood pressure and heart rate were measured twice. The knowledge was assessed using the authorial questionnaire, and questions were related to knowledge about the effects of smoking, alcohol, coffee, salt, fat, irregular diet, low fibre and vegetables, and skimmed dairy products in diet, overweight and obesity, cholesterol, physical activity, stressful lifestyle on the development of HT. Results. Incorrect knowledge of the influence on the development of HT in the case of alcohol drinking was found in 16.9% of the respondents, coffee — 58.8%, large amounts of salt — 10.3%, large amounts of fat — 82.7%, small amounts of fibre and vegetables and skimmed dairy products — 26.2%, irregular diet — 46.4%, cigarette smoking — 70.9%, overweight and obesity — 5.1%, high cholesterol — 87.6%, low physical activity — 10.9%, stressful lifestyle — 6.5%. Conclusions. Incorrect knowledge of HT-related risk factors was associated particularly with higher level of cholesterol, excessive fat intake, smoking and coffee consumption. Most frequently incorrect answers were given by men, low-educated and non-smokers. In the above-mentioned groups emphasis on health promotion should be placed the most.

Correct and incorrect knowledge of the risk factors concerning the development of arterial hypertension. Part 2. Population of patients with identified arterial hypertension

Introduction. Hypertension (HT) and its complications significantly shorten the life expectancy in the world population. In addition to pharmacotherapy, life-style changes play a key role in treatment, which requires appropriate knowledge among patients. Material and methods. The study was conducted in a group of 613 adults with HT. After obtaining sociodemographic data, performing anthropometric measurements, measuring resting blood pressure twice, the knowledge was assessed using a personally conducted questionnaire. The questions evaluated the effects of smoking, alcohol, coffee, salt, fat, irregular diet, low fibre and vegetable intake, as well as skimmed dairy products in diet, overweight and obesity, cholesterol, physical activity and stressful lifestyle on the development of HT. Results. False knowledge of the influence on the development of HT in the case of alcohol drinking was found in 16% of the respondents, coffee — 56.4%, large amounts of salt — 7.2%, large amounts of fats — 88%, small amounts of fibre and vegetables and skimmed dairy products — 27.8%, irregular diet — 46.4%, cigarette smoking — 73.4%, overweight and obesity — 4.4%, high cholesterol — 86.9%, low physical activity — 11.2% %, stressful lifestyle — 5.4%. Conclusions. Incorrect knowledge of HT risk factors was most likely to be associated with excessive intake of fat, elevated cholesterol, smoking and coffee drinking. There were no common features of the people who answered the questions incorrectly. The results show the need to educate HT patients about the factors that aggravate this disease.

Acne and dairy products in adolescence: results from a Norwegian longitudinal study.

Acne is a very common skin condition, and it is of great interest to elucidate lifestyle factors that may contribute to its occurrence. In the last decade, the acne-diet connection has been brought back to credibility. To examine whether high intakes of dairy products in early adolescence is associated with moderate to severe acne in later adolescence. The study is a longitudinal, questionnaire-based population study of Norwegian adolescents. Students attending the 10th grade (15-16 years old) of compulsory schooling in Oslo in 2000-2001 and the 13th grade (18-19 years old) 3 years later, in 2004, were invited. Dairy product consumption was self-reported at age 15-16 and acne severity was self-assessed and reported at age 18-19. The overall prevalence of moderate to severe acne was 13.9%. High intakes (≥2 glasses per day) of full-fat dairy products were associated with moderate to severe acne. In boys with exclusively high intakes of full-fat dairy products, the odds ratio for acne was 4.81 (1.59-14.56). A high total intake of dairy products was associated with acne in girls (OR 1.80, 1.02-3.16). No significant associations were found between acne and intake of semi-skimmed or skimmed dairy products, and not with moderate intakes of any fat variety of dairy products. This study shows association between high intakes of dairy products and acne in adolescence. Our findings support a hypothesis suggesting that dairy consumption may be a factor contributing to acne. The study is based on multiple hypothesis testing, and the methodological limitations must be considered when interpreting the results.

Familial Chylomicronemia Reported in a Ten Days Old Neonate

There are no adequate data that evaluate the safety and effectiveness of lowering triglyceride levels in infants. The authors report a neonate affected by familial hyperchylomicronemia, While being investigated for sepsis the serum sample obtained for blood counts was discovered to be lipaemic and the case was subsequently investigated for dyslipidemia. Based on this very abnormal lipid profile compared to her age, we started her on statins. The parents were referred to a dietitian vigorous dietary fat restriction supplemented by fat-soluble vitamins including mixing food with olive oil and giving skimmed dairy products as she is growing. Follow up is ongoing.

Hyperuricemia and gout; the role of diet

From ancient times, gout has been related with excessive eating and drinking; however, it has not been until the last decade that a broader knowledge on dietary factors associated with hyperuricemia and gout has been achieved. Obesity, excessive intake of red meats and alcoholic beverages were already recognized as causal factors from Antiquity. Legumes and purine rich vegetables have been exculpated after the studies. New risk factors, not previously recognized, have been described such as fructose and sweetened beverages. Finally, protective factors have also been described, such as skimmed dairy products. Gout is characterized not only by an increase in uric acid, eventual episodes of arthritis, and chronic joint damage, but also by association with several comorbidities and increased cardiovascular risk. The adoption of more healthier dietary habits may contribute to better management of uricemia and also to a reduction of associated diseases. The most common practice recommendations according to current knowledge and the main treatment guidelines are reviewed. Additional studies are needed on the actual efficacy in clinical practice of the adoption of specific dietary measures on the management and clinical course of patients with hyperuricemia and gout.

Obesity‐related eating behaviours in the adult population of Spain, 2008–2010

Knowledge of the socio-demographic distribution of eating behaviours can aid our understanding of their contribution to the obesity epidemic and help to address healthy eating interventions to those who can benefit most. This cross-sectional study assessed the frequency of self-reported eating behaviours among 11,603 individuals representative of the non-institutionalized Spanish population aged ≥ 18 years in the period 2008-2010. In the adult population of Spain, 24.3% had lunch and 18.2% had dinner away from home >3 times per month. About three-fourths of adults did not plan the amount of food to be eaten, and did not choose light foods and/or skim dairy products. Also, 26% did not trim visible fat from meat, and 74.7% usually ate while watching television. Compared with individuals with primary or less education, those with university studies were more likely to remove fat from meat (age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.44), and to choose light food and/or skim dairy (aOR 1.50; 95% CI 1.30-1.77), and less likely to eat while watching television (aOR 0.54; 95% CI 0.47-0.63). In conclusion, the prevalence of several obesity-related eating behaviours is high in Spain, which indicates a deficient implementation of dietary guidelines. Socioeconomic inequalities in eating behaviours should also be addressed.

Hábitos alimentarios y estado nutricional de ancianos que viven en una ciudad española del Mediterráneo

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the food habits and nutritional status of free-living, non-institutionalised, elderly people of Torrevieja, a Spanish city located in the Mediterranean coast. Methods: Anthropometric and dietary survey (two 24 hour recalls) were assessed in 200 (83 men and 117 women) free-living elderly people (average age 72.3 ± 6.6 years). Results: Just married women accomplished the recommended energy intake. The contribution of macronutrients to the total energy intake was different from the Recommended Intake for the elderly, since it was too derived from proteins, fats, SFA and sugars, but in only small amounts was derived from complex carbohydrates. High percentages of elderly persons showed inadequate intake of calcium, zinc, magnesium, potassium, copper, iodine, folic acid, vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, and riboflavin. Men showed lower micronutrient intake than women. Conclusions: An increase in dietary complex carbohydrate, and a decrease in protein and fats, especially SFA, is recommended. It would be desirable to increase the consumption of fruits, vegetables, whole cereals, fish and skimmed dairy products.

Impacto hormonal e inflamatório de diferentes composições dietéticas: ênfase em padrões alimentares e fatores dietéticos específicos

Healthy dietary pattern, characterized by the consumption of fruits, vegetables, white meats, skim dairy products, nuts and moderate intake of vegetable oils and alcohol, is an important factor for a lower risk of chronic disease such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. This beneficial effect can be explained, at least partially, by its modulating role on biomarkers of insulin sensitivity and atherosclerosis as well as of inflammation and endothelial function. On the other hand, the intake of specific dietary factors, such as unsaturated fatty acids (oleic and alpha-linolenic) and micronutrients with antioxidant properties (vitamins A, E and C; selenium, zinc) has been discussed, due to its potential protector action due to chronic disease occurrence and its possible profits in hormonal, metabolic and inflammatory regulations that these dietetic factors can provide within a nutritional treatment to obesity and metabolic syndrome.

Cholesterol and Antioxidant Vitamins in Fat Fraction of Whole and Skimmed Dairy Products

The skimming procedure is a common practice in dairy industry, and skimmed products contain less fat, less cholesterol and less fat-soluble vitamins than whole products. The aim of this research is to verify if something else happens during the skimming process to these compounds in milk and dairy products. Experimental milk and cream samples, ranging from 0.1 to 51.5 g fat/100 g, have been studied for beta carotene, alfa-tocopherol and cholesterol contents. The degree of antioxidant protection (DAP), useful to estimate the potential oxidative stability of fat in foods, has been calculated, combining these values. The same analytical protocol has been also applied to commercial products (fat content ranging from 0.1 to 85.0 g/100 g). As was expected, there is a good linear correlation between these compounds and fat content in experimental and in commercial samples; nevertheless, the composition of milk fat changes differently. During skimming process, in the residual fat matter, cholesterol concentration increases while antioxidant compound concentration decreases or remains unchanged. Moreover, in experimental and in commercial milk and dairy, the DAP values show that the residual cholesterol is more susceptible to oxidation in skimmed than in whole products. This aspect is particularly important from a safety point of view: actually, cholesterol oxide ingestion can be harmful and should be avoided even in a small amount.