Interpretation Skills Research Articles

The effect of speech-gesture asynchrony on the neural coupling of interlocutors in interpreter-mediated communication.

In everyday face-to-face communication, speakers use speech to transfer information and rely on co-occurring nonverbal cues, such as hand and facial gestures. The integration of speech and gestures facilitates both language comprehension and the skill of the theory of mind. Consecutive dialogue interpreting (DI) allows dyads of different linguistic backgrounds to communicate with each other. The interpreter interprets after the interlocutor has finished a turn, so the interlocutor watches the gesture first and hears the target language a few seconds later, resulting in speech-gesture asynchrony. In this study, we used the functional near-infrared spectroscopy hyperscanning technique to investigate the influence of speech-gesture asynchrony on different levels of communication. Twenty groups were recruited for the DI experiments. The results showed that when the interpreter performed consecutive interpreting, the time-lagged neural coupling at the temporoparietal junction decreased compared to simultaneous interpreting. It suggests that speech-gesture asynchrony significantly weakened the ability of interlocutors to understand each other's mental state, and the decreased neural coupling was significantly correlated with the interpreter's interpretation skill. In addition, the time-aligned neural coupling at the left inferior frontal gyrus increased, which suggests that, as compensation, the interlocutor's verbal working memory increases in line with the communication process.

Evaluating Independent Echocardiography Interpretation Skills: A Novel Assessment Tool.

Echocardiography is an essential imaging modality for clinical care. Currently, by virtue of graduating from cardiology residency and performing/interpreting an arbitrary number of echocardiograms, cardiology trainees are deemed competent to independently practice echocardiography. There is no formal assessment to ensure their competence. Recognizing this unmet need, we developed a novel echocardiography assessment tool and piloted it in a sample of 38 participants (including 7 expert echocardiographers). The tool was found to be valid and reliable in assessing independent echocardiography interpretation skills; thus can be used during training to ensure cardiology residents achieve competence in echocardiography before completing their training.

Protocol for development of an assessment tool for competency of ECG interpretation: expert consensus by the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method and cross-sectional testing using multidimensional item response theory

IntroductionAlthough the ECG is an important diagnostic tool in medical practice, the competency of ECG interpretation is considered to be poor. Diagnostic inaccuracy involving the misinterpretation of ECG can lead...

The Relationship of the Stream of Consciousness Technique Defined in Literature with Architecture

The stream of consciousness technique has developed with research on consciousness in psychology and philosophy and has turned into a technique defined in modern literature. In this technique, thoughts that do not form a certain pattern are transferred to paper randomly with the flow of thoughts passing through the mind of the author. In this way, a deep internal and interpretive relationship is established between the author and the reader. It is possible that the stream of consciousness, which triggers the formation of creative thinking at the point of producing works of the author, has a negative or positive effect on the creativity of the artist in other branches of art. This study focuses on the existence of the stream of consciousness technique defined in literature in the field of architecture, which is directly or indirectly fed from almost all branches of art. For this purpose, first of all, the use of the stream of consciousness technique in literature was emphasized, then analyses were carried out on the examples that mutually reveal the stream of consciousness in the field of architecture, which is also fed from other branches of art. As a result of the study, it was revealed how the stream of consciousness technique affects the creative production in terms of the artist, the depth of meaning it has in terms of the resulting work, and the interpretation skill in terms of the reader, viewer, or user.

DEVELOPING CHINESE STUDENTS’ COMMUNICATION SKILLS THROUGH SYNCHRONOUS DISTANCE INTERPRETING COURSE

Future of higher education is closely connected with degree programs in distance mode as it guarantees security and convenience for overseas students. With Chinese-Russian relations becoming closer, more Chinese students are majoring in translation and interpreting studies at Russian universities while staying in China, so universities should provide well-organized online interpreting classes to build professional interpreting competences.
 Purpose. This paper aims to assess possibility of developing basic communication competence of future interpreters from China through all-digital synchronous interpreting course in Russian educational environment.
 Methodology. The research was carried out among Master’s degree Chinese students and their trainers at Lomonosov Moscow State University, overall number of participants was 58. The set of tools included role playing performance evaluation, open discussion, assessment scales, questionnaires and interviews.
 Results. The study showed that communication skills of future Chinese interpreters can be sufficiently developed in synchronous all-digital interpreting course if good educational environment is provided. The results of the cross-semester examination as well as the questionnaire data confirm that interpreting classes in distance synchronous mode at Moscow State University promote developing of communication competence of Chinese major degree students. For this purpose, pedagogical technologies of the course should include online interactive tasks, role play activities, small-size group rooms, chats via video platforms as well as use of various digital translation technologies. The results of the survey also showed that open online discussions with Russian students have a positive impact on the development of Chinese students’ communication skills. The study also reveals that synchronous distance learning is preferable for Chinese students in turbulent periods of world history (epidemics, wars) as it guarantees sustainability and continuality of educational process.
 Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in optimizing the organization process in professional higher education both in Russia and abroad. Under certain circumstances synchronous distance training can be the only choice for international higher education programs.

High School Students’ User Skills Concerning Force and Motion Graphs

In this study, the aim was to examine Year 11 students’ skills of reading-interpreting and drawing graphs of force and motion and to lay bare the relationship between graph reading-interpretation and drawing graphs. Conducted in the survey model, the study was realised with the participation of 209 Year 11 students studying at Anatolian high schools in Ankara. Graph Reading and Interpretation Skills Test (GRIST) which includes 13 multiple-choice items and Graph Drawing Skills Form (GDSF) which includes 5 open-ended items were used as data collection tools. At the end of the study, it was determined that students have an intermediate level of success in reading and interpreting graphs while they have a low level of success in drawing graphs. It was concluded that students’ graph reading and interpretation skills and their graph drawing skills are related to one another.

Thinking big – here comes the sun

In 2000, Pincott and Branthwaite published ‘Nothing New Under the Sun?’ which discussed the role of the internet in research both in terms of the hazards and opportunities this confers. Specifically, Pincott and Branthwaite argued that whilst the advent of the internet offers up new approaches and techniques, this must not be at the detriment of methodological rigour and standards we have grown accustomed to in the industry. In this paper, it is argued that the advent of big data, big qual and the emerging potential of the metaverse present new opportunities in research but pose the same questions originally conceived by Pincott & Branthwaite, 2000. Moreover, methodological rigour and standards are framed by three interconnected themes, namely, the role of data science and big data, the importance of softer skills of interpretation and narration and finally, the role of theory in elevating and grounding research.

Incorporating AI Tools into Medical Education: Harnessing the Benefits of ChatGPT and Dall-E

Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown promising potential to transform various fields, including medical education. Recently, the rapid advancement of AI has led to many ``new'' discoveries that caught everyone's attention. Among those discoveries are introduced by OpenAI (e.g., ChatGPT, Dall-E, and the most recent, GPT-4). The integration of AI tools, such as ChatGPT and Dall-E, can offer a new dimension to medical education by creating an interactive and engaging learning experience. In this article, we explore the potential benefits of ChatGPT and Dall-E in medical education and provide practical utilization examples of those tools. For starters, ChatGPT, or in this sense, any other similar large language models, can simulate patient interactions in a safe environment, allowing medical learners to practice their communication skills and diagnosis techniques. Furthermore, it can assist medical students and researchers in reading and writing academic articles by accurately summarizing the key points of a given topic and generating an indistinguishable abstract. In addition, ChatGPT can also create problems for medical assignments and exam practice. In this article, we also discussed ChatGPT's capability to answer standard medical assignment problems. Dall-E, on the other hand, can generate dummy copyright-free and consent-free medical images (e.g., x-ray and electrocardiogram (ECG) graphs), allowing medical learners to practice and enhance their interpretation skills. Incorporating AI-based tools into medical education can provide a new approach to teaching and learning, bridging the gap between theory and practice, and unlocking new avenues for learning and discoveries for both, the students and the instructors. It can also offer a cost-effective solution to simulate real-world scenarios that would otherwise require significant resources and time. In summary, this article concludes that AI-based tools have the potential to revolutionize medical education, empowering medical learners with the skills and knowledge necessary to excel in their field.

Electrocardiogram Interpretation Competency of Medical Interns in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective To determine the competence of medical interns in Saudi Arabia in interpreting common ECG abnormalities, explore limitations, and facilitate solutions to the development of ECG interpretation skills in Saudi Arabia. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from 11 June 2022 to 3 November 2022 using the convenience stratified sampling technique among 373medical interns (54.4% male and 45.6% female) in 15 medical colleges within Saudi Arabia. Results Almost all (91.7%) of the participants recognized the basic ECG elements, as they correctly identified normal ECG patterns. The mostwell-understood ECG pathologies were ventricular fibrillation, atrial fibrillation, and acute myocardial infarction, which were accurately interpreted by 69.2%, 67.8%, and 61.9% of the participants, respectively. The least understood ECG result was a pathological Q wave, which only 20.9% recognized. Most (63.5%) participants attributed their challenges in ECG interpretation to their inadequate training in college, and 57.4% of them stated that practical case-based training could best facilitate the improvement of their skills in ECG interpretation. Conclusion Most of the participants showed unsatisfactory performance in ECG interpretation. Despite their completion ofadvanced cardiac life support courses, their overall performance did not improve significantly. Most of them believed that their colleges did not adequately train them to read ECGs. Thus, a majority think case-based training is a key strategy for improving their ECG interpretation skills.

Promoting Community Health and Understanding of Science Topics by Reading Graphic-Style Stories Aloud Together.

Limited health literacy and access to engaging, relevant, understandable health promotion and disease prevention materials are barriers to achieving and maintaining health. The We-Engage-4-Health program co-created the graphic-style story "Foamy Soap Fun" with community members to reinforce the importance of the primary preventive strategy-handwashing-in limiting spread of COVID-19. Pre/postsurveys were administered, and a modified focus group was conducted to learn community participants' preferences for reading stories (aloud together and/or silently to themselves), versus reading typical health promotion information sheets. Three themes were identified related to reading the story aloud: increased enthusiasm, increased attentiveness, and improved interpretation skills, vocabulary, and information processing skills. Educational constructs included: empathy with the story's characters, engagement with previous health experiences, enthusiasm with sharing health information, and explanation of complex health topics. This study supports the value of graphic-style stories in helping communities to better understand the science behind health topics.

Do inconsistent mental models impact performance? Moderating effects of managerial interpretation and practice sets.

Deviant cognition, referring to team members' different understanding of goals or rules, results in inconsistent mental models among the team. Although previous studies have examined the negative effects of inconsistent mental models on deviant behavior and performance in the workplace, they have failed to consider their positive effects and moderating mechanisms, thus limiting our understanding of how to manage inconsistent mental models and deviant cognition. To address this research gap, this study builds on the interpretation and information processing theory, which regards mental models as the result of information processing, especially involving interactions where interpretation of the information is required. The study initially recruited 174 team managers as participants to identify instances of managerial interpretation. The team managers' interpretation modes were then categorized into four types (absorb, shift, limit, and explore), and a questionnaire was developed to measure them. The moderating effects of the modes on execution and innovation performance were also examined. Matched data were then collected from interviews with 104 team managers and 312 of their team members. The regression results showed that absorb, shift, and limit interpretation modes, as well as the practice sets involving managers and members, attenuated the negative relationship between inconsistent mental models and execution performance. The explore interpretation mode and the practice sets enhanced the positive relationship between inconsistent mental models and team innovation. The findings of this study help to understand the cognitive level of deviance in teams and the moderating effects of managerial interpretation on the relationship between deviant cognition, or inconsistent mental models, and performance, suggesting the need to study and utilize the positive roles of inconsistent mental models or deviance through managerial interpretation. The results also call for firms to train managers' interpretation skills and design close working links with team members.

Technical factors influencing the use of data for evidence-based decision making amongst health workers at Kisumu County, Kenya

Background: Health information system is a system that integrates data collection, processing, reporting, and use to influence policy-making, program action, and research, but 43% lack data analysis and interpretation skills and 42% use data to influence budget preparation. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional design was used to study 205 HCWs in selected health facilities. Data was collected using a researcher-administered structured questionnaire and Key Informant Interview. Quantitative data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26.0 and involved univariate and bivariate analysis. Chi-square were used to test the significance of the association between the dependent and independent variables (p<0.05). Qualitative data was analyzed by thematic content analysis. Results: Over a third of respondents 77 (37.6%) rarely used routine data for decision making. Additionally, 66 (32.2%) and 62 (30.2%) sometimes and always use the routine data/health information generated for decision making. The results indicate statistically significant association between extent of training on data utilization (ꭓ2=8.690, df=2, p=0.008), overall levels of competency (ꭓ2=14.340; df 3; p=0.026) and access to routine data (ꭓ2=11.823; df 1; p=0.003) with the use of routine data for decision making. Conclusions: Healthcare workers use routine health information for decision making, but information culture is not yet achieved due to decisions based on health needs, cost, personal liking and superiors' directives. To create organizational culture, hospital management, donors and other stakeholders should provide continuous training to health workers with specific focus on use of routine health information.

Solid State Reactions: Preparation of Solid Solutions and Pure Alkaline-Earth Titanates to Study their Dependence on Vegard’s Law

This laboratory experiment consists of the synthesis of two series of alkaline-earth titanates (calcium–strontium and strontium–barium) to corroborate Vegard′s law by obtaining their X-ray diffraction patterns and plotting the lattice parameter versus mole fraction of both cations. This experiment allows students to understand the key concepts in the solid state chemistry of a lattice parameter, a cubic Bravais network, a perovskite type structure, substitutional solid solutions, Vegard′s law and its deviations, Miller indices, and X-ray diffraction principles. In addition, it gives students the opportunity to acquire technical skills in ceramic synthesis and X-ray diffraction pattern interpretation.

Some aspects of teaching future translators consecutive interpretation with notation

In the modern and rapidly changing world, the need for qualified specialists in the field of translation is increasing every day. The demands placed on translators by the translation market are also growing. At the moment, training of a future translator implies not only the acquisition of deep theoretical knowledge, but also the formation of a wide range of professional competencies. This article represents the view of the author on how to teach consecutive interpretation with notation. Having presented in chronological order information related to the emergence and development of systems of interpreter’s notation, the author goes deeply into the consideration of the notion and characteristic features of such systems. The factors facilitating and complicating the implementation of consecutive interpretation with notation are given. Training of consecutive interpretation skills done with the help of notation is illustrated by several texts aimed at developing students’ skills and competencies important to render information orally from one language into another one. The author also gives some methodological recommendations for training this subtype of interpretation, presents a list of possible tasks for all types of texts, as well as auxiliary procedures, by which future professionals in the field of interpretation will be able to hone their skills. All assignments are taken from the “Practicum on oral translation” compiled by the author several years ago. She productively applies them at the practical lessons on interpretation with senior university students.

Analysis of the Language Activities Content Included in the Book "Lughaty Alkhalidah" (My Immortal Language) for the Third Intermediate Grade Students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the light of Critical Thinking Skills

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the level of inclusion of critical thinking skills in language activities of the book "My Immortal Language", for third intermediate grade students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
 Methods: For achieving the purpose of the study, the descriptive analytical approach was used, by the content analysis method, and the sample consisted of the content of language activities in the" book "My Immortal Language for third intermediate grade students" in both parts (student and activity) in the first and second semesters. The list of critical thinking skills and content analysis card design was created, which included six key skills (interpretation, analysis, evaluation, conclusion, explanation, self-regulation), and falls under it (21) sub-skills.
 Results: The results showed that the average inclusion of critical thinking skills in the content of language activities in My Immortal Language for the third intermediate grade was (16.67%) at a "very low" level. The first-place interpretation skill was "medium" inclusion level with 41.0%, then the followed by conclusion skill at a "low" level with (26.7%). In third place was the skill of self-regulation with a "low" level with (25.4%), and the fourth was the evaluation skill with a "very low" level with 5.4%). In fifth place was the explanation skill at "very low" with (1.4%), and finally the analysis skill that was not included in the content at (0%).
 Conclusions: The study recommends the need to develop critical thinking skills through the content of the book's language activities in a comprehensive and balanced manner.

Formation of digital competence in higher education students as a basis for the transformation of education of the future

The education informatization together with the rapid spread of computer technology actualizes the need for thorough information training of future teachers. The purpose of the study is to analyze the applicants for higher education digital competence based on the features of modern education. In the work were used general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, deduction. By means of prediction method, further opportunities for the development and improvement of the digital competence of students are characterized. The study contains a systematic literature review on the development of digital competence in higher education students, published over the past decade. Based on a full-text analysis of 20 articles published in known databases, the study identifies the need for developing digital literacy skills in undergraduates. The results define the role and importance of digital competence for future specialists’ formation, outline the structure of digital literacy, highlight the main tasks of digital competence: the creation of digital content, digital culture of communication and cooperation, formation of information control and interpretation skills, etc. Although the digitalization of education is active in Ukraine, but the study highlights the possibilities of its development: improving the legislative framework, state support for the implementation of digital products, the development of digital educational content, the development of innovative material and technical base, etc. To conclude, the effectiveness of the development of digitalization of education is provided by the continuity, consistency, and coherence of preparation for the digital transformation. At the same time, digital competence is a necessary condition for the formation of the teacher of the future: they should be able to analyze information, work in network communities to design and form a digital educational environment in order to form a new generation of progressive teachers.

The Cognitive Skills in Interpretation of Spatial Situations in the League of Legends game

Background League of Legends is one of the most popular video games in the world. With the help of the new initiatives of the developers and publishers (Riot Games), professional international and local tournaments were established. Riot Games also took care of establishing regional leagues, such as LCK (League of Legends Champions Korea) or LEC (League of Legends European Championship). The best teams from each region have an annual chance to compete in October / November to become the esports world champions in LoL. Watching the tournaments such as world champions, as well as amateur streams on popular platforms (Twitch, YouTube) is now trending more and more. The fact that the game (especially spatial situations) can be observed by both experts (players of this game) and non-experts (players of other games or non-players at all) creates a field for scientific research. Intervention The authors of this article wanted to establish whether or not the League of Legends game offers gamers with different levels of knowledge of the entire game and different range of cognitive skills the same interpretation of spatial situations. Methods The research was carried out in the form of a questionnaire (offline), in which respondents were supposed to watch five short videos presenting different situations during the game. Eighty-two respondents, divided into three groups, participated in the research. The Pearson chi-square test was used for the analysis of the differences between groups. Results and Discussion As a consequence of the results of this study it may be concluded that gamers on different advancement level do not present the same level of interpretation of spatial situations in the game. The authors, using the scheme of knowledge of the point, lane, and area in the construction of video questionnaire did not focus on the game as a whole, but wanted to highlight crucial elements of the entire game.

Medical imaging training with eye movement modeling examples: A randomized controlled study

Purpose To determine whether ultrasound training in which the expert’s eye movements are superimposed to the underlying ultrasound video (eye movement modeling examples; EMMEs) leads to better learner outcomes than traditional eye movement-free instructions. Materials and methods 106 undergraduate medical students were randomized in two groups; 51 students in the EMME group watched 5-min ultrasound examination videos combined with the eye movements of an expert performing the task. The identical videos without the eye movements were shown to 55 students in the control group. Performance and behavioral parameters were compared prepost interventional using ANOVAs. Additionally, cognitive load, and prior knowledge in anatomy were surveyed. Results After training, the EMME group identified more sonoanatomical structures correctly, and completed the tasks faster than the control group. This effect was partly mediated by a reduction of extraneous cognitive load. Participants with greater prior anatomical knowledge benefited the most from the EMME training. Conclusion Displaying experts’ eye movements in medical imaging training appears to be an effective way to foster medical interpretation skills of undergraduate medical students. One underlying mechanism might be that practicing with eye movements reduces cognitive load and helps learners activate their prior knowledge.

Application of Physics Infographic Learning Media to Student Graphic Interpretation Ability at Straight Motion Topic

This research is a descriptive and quantitative study to know students' graphic interpretation ability after applying infographic learning media to learning physics in straight-motion material at MA DDI Kanang. The type of research is pre-experimental with a one-shot case study research design. The independent variable of the research was infographic media, and the dependent variable was students' ability to interpret graphs. The population in this study consisted of 45 class X MIPA students at MA DDI Kanang. Research data were obtained by giving objective tests or multiple choice questions based on four indicators of graph interpretation capability: determining the value of a certain quantity from the graph, translating graphic language into verbal language, identifying graphics based on descriptions, and identifying graphs with different variables. Based on the results of descriptive data analysis using the SPSS application, it was found that the average score of students' graphic interpretation skills at MA DDI was 9.04 and was in the moderate category. The impact is that students can only interpret simple graphs, and have difficulty comparing graphs with various variables.

Competency-Based Education & Training (CBET), A Practical Strategy For Sustainable Self-Employment of Building Technologist

The study determined competency based educational training as a practical strategy for sustainable self-development of building engineering technologists in Enugu state. Two research questions were answered and two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The population for the study was 115 practicing building engineering technologists. Instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Two experts validated the instrument for data collection. The internal consistency of the instrument items was determined by the use of Cronbach alpha reliability method and 0.84 reliability coefficient was obtained. The data generated were analyzed using mean to answer research questions while t-test was used to test the hypotheses. Findings revealed that competency based educational training have the potentials to foster self-employment of building engineering technologists. It fosters self-employment of building engineering graduates by equipping them with industrial based competencies such as in-depth knowledge of construction practice, building drawing and interpretation skills, building performance analysis skills and determination of building materials behaviours among others. It was recommended that effective partnership between universities and other higher institutions and relevant industries should be encouraged, as this would provide an environment for students to interact with experts such that, relevant contents that meets labour needs would be transmitted to participating students.