Skid Resistance Of Asphalt Pavement Research Articles

Research on surface texture and skid resistance of asphalt pavement considering abrasion effect

Good anti-skid performance was the basis for road safety, and it was discovered that the texture abrasion of pavement in service can directly affect its anti-skid performance. To analyze the influence mechanism of abrasion on the surface texture and anti-skid performance of asphalt pavement, this research collected high-precision texture data of different types of asphalt pavements with different degrees of abrasion. The macro and micro texture evaluation indexes were obtained after data filtering and separation, and correlation analysis was conducted with anti-skid performance indexes. The results showed that: the mean profile depth MPD-1 of asphalt pavement could characterize the macro texture abrasion properties well, and the root mean square deviation Rq-2 could characterize the micro texture abrasion well. Simultaneously, it was discovered that the skid resistance attenuation rate was AC > SMA > OGFC, and the larger the nominal maximum size of the same gradation, the lower the attenuation rate. It also found that enhancing the nominal maximum size of the asphalt mixture can effectively increase the macro texture, which in turn improved the anti-skid performance. The attenuation pattern of the macro texture index MPD-1 was consistent with the skid resistance, while the micro texture index Rq-2 decreased quickly in the early stage and was remain in the later stage. The research verified the feasibility of characterizing the skid resistance of asphalt pavements by macro and micro texture.

A technical survey on mechanism and influence factors for asphalt pavement skid-resistance

AbstractTo explore the research status on mechanism of the skid-resistance for asphalt pavement, the related achievements of the rubber friction, the tire–road contact, and the influence factors were reviewed. The rubber friction was reviewed from the mechanism and rubber friction model. The tire-road contact was studied from the modeling methods, the evaluation methods, and the skid-resistance mechanisms at different conditions. The influence factors of skid-resistance were summarized from different designing processes. This review showed that the appropriate contact or evaluation model should be selected according to the required parameters. Although the finite element method is widely used, the accuracy of the model, the boundary conditions, and the load cases need to be further improved. The optimized aggregates and asphalt binders, reasonable gradation, reasonable geometric design, and strict construction quality control are necessary for good initial skid-resistance. Pavement texture as an important factor affecting skid-resistance should be considered in pavement gradation design, especially for wearing layer technology.

Evaluation of Asphalt Pavement Texture Using Multiview Stereo Reconstruction Based on Deep Learning

To quickly obtain texture information and accurately evaluate the skid resistance of asphalt pavement, a multiview stereo reconstruction method based on deep learning is proposed for evaluating the texture depth of asphalt pavement. First, a depth camera and a digital camera are used to collect RGB-D (i.e., Red, Green, Blue, Depth) and RGB (i.e., Red, Green, Blue) multiview image datasets on different types of pavements for model training and validation respectively. Then, the model precision is validated by calculating the overlap (intersection over union, IoU) between the ground truth point cloud and the reconstructed point cloud. The model performances under different training strategies are compared to obtain the best model, and the effects of image resolution, number of views, and types of pavement material on the model precision are analyzed. Finally, image processing methods and texture depth characterization indexes are proposed to obtain pavement texture information from the reconstructed depth map, thus validating the effectiveness of the model. The results show that the trained model using the transfer learning strategy achieves a reconstruction precision of 0.77 when the image resolution is 3024×3024 and the number of views is 7. Furthermore, the reconstruction performance remains stable across different pavement materials, suggesting the model is suitable for accurately reconstructing depth maps for asphalt pavements. The errors between the predicted texture depth value calculated based on the volume-based index (MTDp) and the profile-based index (MPDp) using the depth maps after image processing and the measured texture depth value (MTDe) using the sand patch method are 11.72% and 18.85%, respectively. It is believed that the pavement texture depth can be effectively evaluated from the reconstructed depth map using the volume-based metric (MTDp). In contrast to traditional testing methods, this approach requires using only a digital camera and a personal computer, making it a lightweight and intelligent analysis method for obtaining pavement texture depth information.

High friction surface treatment with silicone resin materials (HFST-S): A preventive maintenance method of asphalt pavements

The skid resistance of asphalt pavements is the key to ensuring traffic safety. Silicone resin is often used as a maintenance material for fog seal because of its waterproof performance and weather resistance, but it is rarely mentioned in the field of skid resistance. In this paper, a high friction surface treatment with silicone resin (HFST-S) was prepared by adding skid-resistance aggregates to improve the skid resistance of pavements. Firstly, the curing time, chemical composition, group content, and hydrophobic performance of silicone resin were studied. Then the morphology characteristics and mechanical performance of skid-resistance aggregates were investigated. Finally, the type and particle size of skid-resistance aggregates, the ratio of silicone resin to skid-resistance aggregates (RSA), and silicone resin dosage were optimized by laboratory tests. The results indicate that silicone resin cured basically at 60 °C for 24 h and Si-OH content decreased during curing. The cured silicone resin was mainly composed of C, O, and Si elements and had remarkable hydrophobicity. In addition, emery sands had richer angularity and better mechanical performance than basalt sands. Therefore, the HFST-S prepared by silicone resin and emery sands has outstanding waterproof performance and skid resistance. The optimum formula of HFST-S was determined as 0.60 – 1.18 mm particle size of emery sands, 40:60 of RSA, and 800 g/m2 of silicone resin.

Laboratory investigation of traffic effect on the long-term skid resistance of asphalt pavements

To evaluate the skid resistance performance of asphalt pavement under cumulative wheel load and overload, an orthogonal test considering factors such as total traffic volume, occurrence interval, and duration of overload traffic was designed, and lab tests were conducted. This testing was performed based on the self-invented Tire-pavement Dynamic Friction Analyzer (TDFA), by which the real-time data of tire-pavement friction coefficient and pavement textures can be acquired. The results indicated that in the overall process of pavement with different gradation types, all pavement friction coefficients (COF) showed a similar trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and finally tended to be stable. In contrast, the Mean Profile Depth (MPD) values always fluctuated significantly. Moreover, it was found that there is a poor correlation between COF value and MPD value while investigating the degradation laws concerning the skid-resistance performance of asphalt pavement. Compared with the overload traffic applied in the middle and late stage of wear, the deterioration rate of pavement dynamic friction coefficient is faster and the final value of friction coefficient is lower when heavy traffic is applied in the early stage. Finally, the significance of the designed orthogonal test was analyzed. The results show that the total traffic volume has a significant impact on the COF value in the process of pavement service life, followed by the occurrence interval of heavy traffic, and finally the duration of heavy traffic.

Pavement preventive maintenance decision-making for high antiwear and optimized skid resistance performance

Insufficient pavement skid resistance due to traffic loads and environmental factors is a major cause of vehicular accidents. Hence, continually monitoring the pavement skid resistance has great theoretical significance and is crucial for practical maintenance. A pavement accelerated abrasion system developed by the research team, a high-precision 3D layer scanner, and a pendulum tribometer are used for lab testing. Forty-eight sets of asphalt pavement texture and friction coefficient data for 11 abrasion stages were collected, each comprising 20,000 abrasion cycles. Afterward, a model of asphalt pavement skid resistance deterioration was formulated by analyzing the downward trajectory of the asphalt pavement texture and friction coefficient indexes. The developed deterioration model had a high prediction accuracy with an R2 value of 91.64%, and the corresponding curve met engineering requirements. Subsequently, four pavement maintenance techniques, namely synchronous gravel sealing, microsurfacing, ultrathin overlaying, and thermal generation, were applied to rutted slab specimens after grinding to perform five additional stages of abrasion tests. Through comparisons with the established pavement skid resistance deterioration model, the optimal maintenance timing under the abrasion test conditions of this study was determined as 230,000 abrasion cycles, as determined via the time/pavement condition analysis approach. Cost-effectiveness analysis was performed for different surface treatment techniques, which yielded an equivalent annual cost of 6.7 for the SMA-5 ultra-thin overlay, which was identified as the most promising maintenance approach. This study provides a scientific basis for preventing traffic accidents and improving traffic safety by offering valuable insights into the evolution of pavement skid resistance and offers guidance on decision-making for the preventive maintenance of pavements for high-antiwear and optimized skid-resistance performance.

Influence of Morphological Characteristics of Coarse Aggregates on Skid Resistance of Asphalt Pavement.

This research aims to improve the durability of skid resistance of asphalt pavement from the perspective of coarse aggregates based on on-site investigation. Firstly, the skid resistance of six representative actual roads was tested during two years by employing the Dynamic Friction Tester and the attenuation characteristics of skid resistance of different types of asphalt pavements were analyzed. Secondly, core samples were drilled onsite and coarse aggregates were extracted from the surface layer of the core samples. The morphological parameters of coarse aggregates were collected by a "backlighting photography" system and three-dimensional profilometer, and the variation rules of angularity and micro-texture of coarse aggregates were investigated. Finally, the correlation between the morphological characteristics of coarse aggregates and the pavement skid resistance was established based on the grey correlation entropy. The research results show that with the increase in service time, the attenuation rate of skid resistance of asphalt pavement gradually slows down; the angularity of coarse aggregates gradually decreases, and the micro-texture on the wearing surface gradually wears away. The grey correlation entropy between all the micro-texture indexes of coarse aggregates and dynamic friction coefficient, as well as between the roundness and skid resistance is more than 0.7, whereas the correlation between other evaluation indicators and the dynamic friction coefficient is poor, indicating that compared with the angularity of coarse aggregates, the micro-texture affects the skid resistance of actual asphalt pavement more greatly. In engineering applications, the use of coarse gradation, coarse aggregates with high roughness or high anti-wear performance can slow down the attenuation of pavement skid resistance, so that the pavement can maintain superior long-term anti-skidding performance.

Effect of Crumb Rubber Particles on Antisliding and Noise-Reduction Performance of Asphalt Pavement

Traffic noise has gradually become the primary source of noise in urban areas. The risk of health issues such as cardiovascular diseases and sleep disturbances associated with noise exposure are receiving widespread attention. The skid resistance of asphalt pavements is important for safe driving. However, its antisliding performance deteriorates owing to automobile driving, and the antisliding index cannot satisfy requirements of long-term safe driving. Crumb rubber-modified asphalt (CRMA) has been widely used owing to its characteristics, such as excellent noise reduction, antisliding performance, and durability. This study aims to investigate the effect of crumb rubber (CR) particle content (0%, 2%, 3%, and 4% by weight of fine aggregates in asphalt mixture) on the antisliding and noise reduction characteristics of asphalt pavements. The functional performances of three different types of asphalt mixtures were tested to obtain the best gradation. Then, an accelerated wear tester was used to analyze the deterioration of the antisliding performance under different cumulative load times. A British pendulum number (BPN) tester and 3D laser technology were used to measure friction properties and texture depths of asphalt mixtures with varying CR particle contents after wheel-load repetitions. The tire-drop and standing wave tube methods were employed to evaluate the noise-reduction characteristics and acoustic absorption performance of asphalt mixtures with varying CR particle contents. Finally, the optimal CR particle content was determined using grey-target decision-making based on the entropy weight method. The results indicate that adding rubber particles to asphalt mixtures slows down the attenuation rate of BPN and texture depth, which shows a clear enhancement of the antisliding performance. The addition of rubber particles to asphalt mixtures improves the noise-reduction performance in tire-pavement systems by increasing damping properties and the sound absorption coefficient. The asphalt mixture with 3% rubber particles exhibited the optimal performance.

Skid Resistance Attenuation of Asphalt Pavement Based on Multifactor Accelerated Wear Test

To describe the skid resistance attenuation of asphalt pavement during its life cycle, this paper selected a multi-variable accelerated abrasion machine to simulate the abrasion process, and British Pendulum Number was selected to evaluate the skid resistance after various abrasive cycles. During the abrasion process, three factors influencing the skid resistance were considered, including aggregate types (diorite, limestone, granite, and basalt), nominal maximum aggregate size (NMAS), and gradations (dense, gap, and open). The results show that with increasing abrasion cycles, the skid resistance of asphalt pavement firstly decreases rapidly in the first abrasion stage (0–8000 cycles), then at a relatively gentle rate in the second abrasion stage (8000–20,000 cycles), and finally at the lowest rate in the third abrasion stage (after 20,000 cycles). The skid-resistance durability and stability of pavement are ranked as basalt > granite > amphibolite > limestone. Moreover, the effect of aggregate parameters on skid resistance is in the order: angularity > PSV > WSV > CSV. The skid resistance and its stability improve as NMAS increases. The pavement skid durability is in the order: SMA > OGFC > AC. In addition, the sizes of 16 mm, 13.2 mm, 9.5 mm, 0.6 mm, 0.3 mm and 0.15 mm are the critical sieve sizes to improve the skid resistance of asphalt pavement.

Long-term skid resistance and prediction model of asphalt pavement by accelerated pavement testing

To achieve the optimal design and accurate prediction for the long-term skid resistance performance of asphalt pavement, the skid resistance and its evolution trend prediction models of different asphalt mixtures were studied based on the accelerated pavement test using a small accelerated loading device (MLS11). First, three oil-stone ratios, three gradations and four types of coarse aggregates were prepared for different types of asphalt mixes. Second, the long-term skid resistance degradation characteristics and its influencing factors of different asphalt mixtures were studied based on the indoor accelerated pavement test using MLS11. Next, the macro-structure and micro-structure for the evolution prediction models of asphalt pavement were constructed and validated based on the combination of the numerical model and test section. Finally, the design standard and evaluation indexes for skid resistance of high-grade asphalt pavements under heavy traffic conditions were proposed. The results show that dense graded asphalt mixes with a smaller oil-stone ratio have better skid resistance, the type of gradation has less influence on its skid resistance, and the mixture consisting of aggregates with a richer mineral composition type and large difference in mineral hardness has better durability of skid resistance. In addition, the prediction models for the macro-structure and the micro-structure were established, respectively, and the errors of MTD and BPN measured in the test section were controlled within 4% and 5% of the theoretical values. The attenuation rate |A|≤2.15 is proposed as the design criterion for the skid resistance of asphalt pavements.

Prediction of the skid-resistance deterioration in asphalt pavement based on peephole–LSTM neural network

ABSTRACT Poor pavement skid resistance contributes to frequent traffic accidents, with the asphalt surface rapidly deteriorating over time. Accurate prediction of skid resistance behavior is essential for road safety. This study introduces a pavement accelerated polishing system, collecting data from 11 stages using a British pendulum tester and a high-precision three-dimensional laser scanner. It develops a predictive model, FrictionNet-II, based on a peephole long-short time memory (peephole-LSTM) neural network. The model uses data from the first eight polishing stages as input and the last three as output, allowing for predictions of pavement skid resistance after 160,000, 180,000, and 200,000 cycles based on the friction deterioration curve of the initial stages (0 to 140,000 cycles). FrictionNet-II accurately forecasts skid resistance after 160,000, 180,000, and 200,000 cycles, achieving R2 values of 88%, 90%, and 90%, respectively. This research demonstrates the potential of deep learning in predicting asphalt pavement skid resistance, laying the foundation for intelligent pavement preservation and improved skid-resistance performance.

Evaluation of skid resistance of asphalt pavement covered with aeolian sand in desert areas

Particulate contaminants adhering to a desert road can significantly affect the contact characteristics of tires and pavements. The effects of sand quantity, temperature and wearing on the skid resistance were analyzed through the laboratory tests. Image analysis and generalized regression neural networks (GRNN) were used to obtain the macrostructure, followed by reconstructing a three-dimensional model and predicting the texture depth of asphalt pavements. Finally, decay prediction models of skid resistance were established. The results show that the 3D model reconstructed by digital images can clearly show the sand distribution on the road. Furthermore, the GRNN model was found to be reliable, with an average relative error of only 3.4%. Aeolian sand amount, temperature and wearing cycles all affect the skid resistance, while the sand has the greatest influence. The skid resistance model can predict the friction capacity well and it provides a reference for determining the maintenance time for asphalt pavements in desert areas.

Investigations on the long-term skid resistance of epoxy asphalt mixture based on accelerated loading test

Under long-term vehicle loads and large attenuation degrees, asphalt pavements are expected to have reduced slip resistance that does not meet the code requirements, thus impacting driving safety. Epoxy asphalt mixture has been widely used in road construction throughout recent years. Accordingly, it is necessary to explore the long-term skid resistance of epoxy asphalt mixture. Therefore, based on the indoor accelerated loading testing methodology, this paper investigates the anti-skidding performance attenuation of epoxy asphalt and SBS-modified asphalt mixtures at room and high temperatures. The rule of skidding resistance of asphalt mixture with loading times is analyzed, and the feasibility of epoxy asphalt in improving the long-term skid resistance of asphalt pavement is also explored. In general, the study results have shown that the decay rates of British Pendulum Number (BPN), the mean texture depth (MTD), and mean profile depth (MPD) epoxy asphalt mixtures are lower than those of SBS-modified asphalt ones under normal and high temperature loading conditions. Moreover, the fractal dimension of the epoxy asphalt mixture is larger and decays more slowly, and its section texture can be preserved to a greater extent during the loading process. Besides, it is observed that epoxy asphalt mixtures have better long-term skid resistance and greater retention of section texture than the SBS-modified asphalt ones.

Influence of thin water film on asphalt pavement skid resistance: from indoor to in-situ test

ABSTRACT Pavements skid resistance, especially in wet states, is an essential indicators of traffic safety. However, the existing testers cannot reflect actual road friction situations and oversimplify water’s effect on texture and skid resistance. Therefore, this study compared a traditional British pendulum tester (BPT) with actual vehicle braking. A simplified water coverage simulation programme was proposed, and the BPT characterised the influence of different thin water films on skid resistance in the laboratory. Besides, several freshly constructed road sections (AC-13, SMA-13, and PAC-13) were tested with both BPT and vehicle braking during rainfall. The results showed that water film, even thin, is unfavourable for pavement skid resistance. The BPT results were inconsistent with that of the vehicle braking. Because the tribological properties characterised by BPT are provided by micro-texture and partly macro-texture within the rubber-texture interaction depth (0.1 mm). Larger texture depth and more tortuous and connected pores will offer pavements larger water capacity and higher water permeability, which is beneficial for alleviating braking distance reduction during rainfall. In general, an ideal skid resistance tester should consider characteristics within the rubber-texture contact depth and should consider braking conditions such as speed, water film thickness, drainage method, and slip rate.

Testing and evaluation for long-term skid resistance of asphalt pavement composite seal using texture characteristics

As a common means to improve the skid resistance of asphalt pavement, chip seal is widely used for road surface treatment and preventive maintenance. As the aggregate is progressively dislodged under repeated wheel loads, continuous loss of the surface texture characteristics occurs, and its skid resistance increasingly declines. Therefore, it is necessary to further refine the process of chip seal. In addition, in order to scientifically evaluate its performance and accurately predict the deterioration, the relationship between the surface texture characteristics and the skid resistance needs to be quantitatively established. In this paper, a composite seal structure was proposed by applying sand-containing fog seal layer on top of chip seal. Firstly, four seal schemes (i.e., 3–5 mm chip seal, 5–9.5 mm chip seal, 3–5 mm composite seal and 5–9.5 mm composite seal) were designed and loaded by a four-wheel rotary accelerated abrader. Secondly, the skid resistance indexes of each scheme were investigated under different abrasion times using pendulum meter and sand patch method. In this process, the three-dimensional texture characteristic parameters (i.e., Ssk, Spd, Spc, Vmp and Vmc) of the specimen surface were also obtained by laser scanning. Finally, by analyzing the data, the relationship between the seal texture characteristic parameter and the skid resistance index was established, and the decay law prediction model of the skid resistance for four seal schemes was derived. It is found that the pendulum value and texture depth of the seal decreased with the increase of abrasion times, but the composite chip seal can reduce the decreasing rate of skid resistance index. Sq, Spd, Spc and Vmc showed good synergistic decay laws with the British pendulum number (BPN) and mean texture depth (MTD), among which Spc had the best correlation and can be used as an parameter to characterize the skid resistance of the seal. The relationship and decay prediction model established in this paper can be used to characterize the skid resistance of chip seal and predict the decay law of the skid resistance.

Correlation between morphology parameters and skid resistance of asphalt pavement

Abstract Pavement skid resistance is critical for contributing to traffic safety. In this study, two pavement specimens were fabricated using different aggregate gradations and binder contents. Compaction efforts were made to ensure the same porosity of the two specimens. Some parameters related to the surface morphology were measured using the sand patching method and a 3D laser. The parameters include mean texture depth (MTD), interface roughness (Ra), skewness (Rsk), kurtosis (Rku), fractal dimension (D) and parameters related to material ratio curve. Relationships between these parameters and skid resistance were quantitatively developed. Skid resistance increased along with the increase of MTD, Raand D. From the surface A to surface B, MTDincreased from 0.23 to 1.10 mm, Ra increased from 0.93 to 1.80 mm, Dincreased from 2.25 to 2.43 and the British Pendulum Number increased from 80 to 97 accordingly. The comprehensive analysis could assist scholars and practitioners to facilitate the understanding of tyre-pavement interaction and further assist pavement design.

Study on the Skid Resistance Deterioration Behavior of the SMA Pavement

The skid resistance of asphalt pavement is of great importance to the driving safety, but deterioration of pavement skid resistance is inevitable owing to the coupling effect of traffic loading and climate conditions. The existing prediction models of skid resistance were mainly established based on the laboratory accelerated polishing tests (for instance Polished Stone Value, PSV), and these models can only consider the influence of a single factor; they fail to reflect the coupling effect of different factors under the real service condition. For the purpose of investigating the influences of seasonal variation, and aggregate type on the skid resistance of asphalt pavement, the skid resistance of three test tracks were continuously measured for 48 months through five different test methods. The results show that different test methods exhibit significant inconsistency. The aggregate type is the internal factor that determines the long-term skid resistance performance of pavement. The skid resistances of the selected test tracks were ranked as greywacke pavement > diabase pavement > rhyolite pavement. This is in well agreement with the ranking of aggregate polishing resistance obtained from the laboratory Wehner/Schulze (W/S) test. This indicates that the W/S test is effective in distinguishing the aggregates that used in pavement construction. It is also found that the skid resistance of asphalt pavement shows significant fluctuation with respect to seasonal variation. The skid resistance is generally high in autumn and low in summer. Therefore, it is suggested to use the low measurement value of skid resistance in summer as the lower limit for the evaluation and prediction of the skid resistance performance of asphalt pavement.

Research on Attenuation Characteristics of Skid Resistance of Asphalt Pavement

Research on Attenuation Characteristics of Skid Resistance of Asphalt Pavement

Investigation to the skid resistance of asphalt pavement based on the movement of aeolian sand

Particulate contaminants that adhere to the surface have a major impact on asphalt pavement skid resistance. In this investigation, the skid resistance analysis system for the contaminated road was used to look at the decay characteristics of the pavement friction and the movement behavior of sand particles. To analyze the effect of aeolian sand on the skid resistance, the handheld laser scanner was used to collect the road surface macrotexture and then rebuilt the 3D model. The surface roughness of the contaminated road can be jointly characterized via the centreline average (Sa), the profile root-mean-square deviation (Sq), the height distribution symmetry (Ssk), and the height distribution kurtosis (Sku). The results show that aeolian sand has shear lubrication and rolling lubrication at the contact interface between the tire and the road. It fills the macrotexture and weakens the road's skid resistance. When there is aeolian sand adhering to the pavement, sliding and rolling friction provides the skid resistance of the asphalt road. Excessive aeolian sand has adverse long-term effects on skid resistance. It is recommended to routinely clean the road surface to maintain its original skid resistance when the amount of sand reaches to 0.625 kg/m2.

Review of Factors Controlling Skid Resistance at Tire-Pavement Interface

Road safety is of prime importance for pavement engineers and maintenance authorities. Pavement resistance to skidding of the vehicle has long been recognized as one of the leading parameters governing road safety and driving comfort, especially in wet weather conditions. The knowledge of skid resistance offered by pavement surface is very valuable information for road safety enhancements. Skid resistance is defined as the force developed when a tire that is prevented from rotation slides along the pavement surface. Evaluation of skid resistance over time and estimation of factors influencing it are important for pavement maintenance and rehabilitation planning. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of various research works carried out for assessing critical parameters like surface texture, tire tread, rain intensity, temperature, loading condition, tire inflation pressure, and pavement type which control skid resistance of asphalt pavement at tire-road interface significantly. First, a brief overview of skid resistance and its importance in asphalt pavement is provided. Then, critical parameters influencing skid resistance are identified and reviewed more elaborately. Furthermore, the key relationship between skid resistance and various controlling parameters is reviewed and presented for a better understanding of skid variation analysis. Finally, a general discussion on skid resistance governing factors, their relative importance in maintaining safety and pavement performance, the complexity involved in computation, and established relationships with skid resistance is briefly summarized.