Skene's Duct Research Articles

Skene Duct Cyst in Childhood: A Case Report

Introduction. Vaginal cysts are uncommon and may be either congenital or acquired. the most common vaginal cysts is a urothelial cyst or a paraurethral cyst. With an incidence of 1 in every 2000–7000 live births, paraurethral cysts are an uncommon cause of interlabial mass in newborns and account for less than 0.5 per cent of all congenital urinary system anomalies. Study Purpose. This report describes a rare Vaginal cyst in a child at the posterior vaginal wall.. Results.this is a case report study about a girl 1-year-8-months old with vaginal cyst since the age of 2 months. Physical examination and ultrasound finding revealed a cystic mass size 3x3x1 cm in posterolateral of the right vaginal wall extended to right periurethral. Management of this case was extirpation of the vaginal cyst.Conclusion. A vaginal cyst is an uncommon case in a child. Vaginal cysts have several possible etiologies, such as possibly embryological origin, ectopic inclusion tissue or possibly due to urological abnormalities. Diagnosis requires a thorough understanding of diagnostic possibilities and a systematic evaluation. This patient has been treated with surgical excision due to a high success rate.

Vaginal leiomyoma mimicking a Cystocele (report case).

Introduction and importanceLeiomyoma, known as a disease of the uterus, composed of spindle-shaped smooth muscle fibers and collagenous stroma, is rarely encountered in other sites especially in the vagina.Case presentationWe report, here, an exceptional case of a vaginal leiomyoma situated in the anterior vaginal wall suggesting in the first place a cystocele. The MRI objectified a rounded formation of the anterior wall of the vagina with regular contours highly suggestive of a vaginal leimyoma. The tumor was surgically removed by the vaginal route. The histopathologic examination confirmed the diagnosis of vaginal leiomyoma.Clinical discussionVaginal leiomyomas are commonly seen in women between the ages of 35 and 50 and are believed to be more common in Caucasian women. Although a rare tumor, vaginal leiomyomas may present with a variety of clinical features and may be mistaken preoperatively for a cystocele, urethrocele, Skene's duct abscess, Gartner's duct cysts, urethral diverticulum, vaginal cysts, cysts Bartholin's gland or a malignant vaginal tumor. The diagnosis is based on careful examination and preoperative imaging (ultrasonography and MRI). Removal of the tumor by vaginal route, wherever possible, with subsequent histopathological examination appears to be the optimum management plan. Although the lesion is benign, local recurrences following incomplete resection and sarcomatous changes have been reported.ConclusionVaginal leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor. The diagnosis is often made only postoperatively after resection of the mass. The tumors may be found in any location within the vagina but are most commonly located on an anterior wall. Imaging can confirm the vaginal origin of the lesion. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. The diagnosis is based on the histological study of the tumor.

Skene duct\xa0adenocarcinoma in a patient with an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen level: a case report

BackgroundFemale urethral carcinoma is a very rare disease that accounts for 0.02% of malignant diseases in female patients.Case presentationA 70-year-old Asian Japanese woman with a urethral tumor was referred to our hospital to undergo further examination. Biopsy specimens showed urethral adenocarcinoma that was positive for prostate-specific antigen. Her serum prostate-specific antigen level before surgery was 34.4 ng/ml. Urethral tumor resection with pelvic lymph node resection was performed. Her serum prostate-specific antigen level decreased to < 0.01 ng/ml after surgery.ConclusionsWe report a very rare case of Skene duct adenocarcinoma in a female patient with serum prostate-specific antigen elevation.

Skenes gland cyst causing urinary retention

Introduction Skene`s gland also known as paraurethral glands are bilateral prostatic homologues glands. It was first discovered and described by Alexander Johnston Chalmers Skene in 1880. Paraurethral glands are located posterolaterally to the urethra. Embryologically derived from the urogenital sinus. Skene`s gland secretes a small amount of mucoid material which has a role in sexual stimulation and lubrication. The etiology of paraurethral cysts remains unknown. The obstruction of Skene's ducts as a result of infection or inflammation usually in response to skenitis, of which gonorrhea is the most common cause, or cystic degeneration of embryonic remnants of the paraurethral glands, have been assumed to be possible causes of paraurethral cysts. The distinguishing features of paraurethral cysts are the displacement of urethral meatus by the mass and a cyst containing milky fluid. Thus, we report a case of Skene's duct cyst in a female which presented with acute urinary retention secondary to the lateral displacement of meatus. Case description A previously healthy female presented to casualty with gradual onset of suprapubic pain, associating with a sudden onset of the inability to void for 6 hours. The patient was complaining of obstructive lower urinary tracts symptoms for 2 weeks. She had 3 uncomplicated normal full term vaginal deliveries with an unremarkable past medical or surgical history. Examination of the external genitalia revealed an ovoid, fluctuant, tender swelling located just inferior to pubic symphysis and completely displacing and stretching the external urethral meatus to the opposite side. Compression of the swelling did not result in fluid extravasation through the urethra. Vaginal patency was also verified. Insertion of 14 Fr foley’s catheter was managed with difficulty and drained 600cc clear urine. MRI showed normal kidneys, ureters and urinary bladder with a simple 2.1x2.7x3.3cm lower vaginal cyst with high protein/hemorrhagic content mostly a paraurethral gland duct cyst. Patient underwent examination under anesthesia, cysto-urethroscopy and skene’s duct cysts excision was done. Histopathology examination displayed the presence of benign cystic lesion lined by transitional and squamous epiltleium with focal surface ulceration; thereby confirming the diagnosis of paraurethral cyst. Foley’s catheter was removed after 5 days and she voided freely. Results and conclusions Skenes gland cyst should be listed in the differential diagnosis of a female patient who comes with an acute urinary retention.

Neonatal Gartner Duct Cyst: Two Case Reports and Literature Review

Vaginal cysts are rare, particularly in the newborn. They usually present as one of these three entities in the newborn: paraurethral cysts (Skene duct cysts), Gartner duct cysts (mesonephric ductal remnants) or a covered ectopic ureter. Abdominal ultrasound should always be included in the clinical evaluation in search of renal anomalies. We report two cases of Gartner cysts in neonates.

Skene's duct cyst.

Skene's duct cyst.

Skene's gland duct cysts: The utility of vaginal/transperineal imaging in diagnosis and mapping for surgery.

We report three patients with Skene’s gland cysts diagnosed on transvaginal and transperineal 2D and 3D sonography. We demonstrate that pelvic floor imaging is a useful diagnostic tool and aids in preoperative surgical planning. The real-time nature of this form of imaging and the addition of 3D ultrasonography demonstrate internal architecture and spatial relationships of periurethral pathology, thus aiding presurgical mapping. In this case series patients were followed up and results of surgical procedures and histological findings were recorded. Marsupialisation and resection are accepted surgical options in symptomatic Skene’s gland cysts. Usually simple drainage will not suffice for management of a symptomatic Skene’s gland cyst, as demonstrated in one of our cases. Asymptomatic cysts can be followed conservatively.

2077416 Skene's Gland Duct Cysts: the Utility of Vaginal/Transperineal Imaging In Diagnosis And Mapping For Surgery. a Case Series And Review of The Literature

2077416 Skene's Gland Duct Cysts: the Utility of Vaginal/Transperineal Imaging In Diagnosis And Mapping For Surgery. a Case Series And Review of The Literature

Paraurethral cyst in adult women: experience with 85 cases.

To present the clinical experience in the management of Skene's duct cysts (paraurethral cysts) in women. A retrospective chart review of patients who have underwent surgical treatment for paraurethral cyst between 2002 and 2012 was performed. A total of 85 women were diagnosed with paraurethral cyst over a 10-year period. The paraurethral cysts were detected at vaginal examination. Evaluations consisted of urine analysis and culture and urinary tract ultrasound. The first 20 cases underwent cystourethroscopy as well. All patients underwent surgical incision, drainage and marsupialization of the cyst. They were followed for evidence of any complications and recurrence. The mean follow up time was 5.5 years. Totally, 83 patients (97.6%) were cured. There were two cases of recurrence which were treated with second surgical attempt. Most paraurethral cysts in women may be diagnosed by history and physical examination alone. Simple incision and marsupialization of the female paraurethral cyst was effective in more than 97% of our patients, without recurrence.

Paraurethral Skene′s duct cyst in a newborn

Paraurethral or Skene's duct cysts are rare causes of interlabial masses in neonates. The diagnosis of Skene's duct cysts in the neonatal period is based on its location, in relation to the urethra, and the demonstration of transitional epithelium in the cyst wall. The distinguishing features of paraurethral cysts are the displacement of urethral meatus by the mass and a cyst containing milky fluid. Thus, we report a case of a Skene's duct cyst in a newborn which was treated by incision and drainage.

Paraurethral cyst in female newborn – case report

Introduction: Paraurethral cyst, arise from the para(peri)urethral glands, that are homologous to the male prostate, and empty into the female urethra by their own ducts. There are 6 to30 ducts in the adult female and the largest 2 of these are referred to as Skene's duct. Although the etiology of this lesion is not fully understood, an inflammation of the gland, caused by obstruction of the duct, is an acceptable theory. It has been postulated that maternally acquired female hormones, which provoke glandular secretion, may also play a role in the pathogenesis. This theory is supported by the fact that almost all the cases are reported in full-term newborns. The incidence is believed to be around 1:1000–1:2000, but only about 50 cases have been previously reported in the literature (1). Many pediatric textbook do not mention or only make a brief comment of this rare entity. The diagnosis is made easily by physical examination. The differenzial diagnosis are other intralabial masses such as prolapsed ectopic ureterocele, prolapsed urethra, imperforated hymen and vaginal rhadomyosarcoma. The management of this lesion is controversial. Excision, marsupialization and needle aspiration are possible surgical alternatives, but many recommend a conservative approach, as natural resolution within a few months is the likely outcome (2). Case report: We report on a female infant who presented intralabial mass on the third day of life. The pregnancy was uneventful, and the child was delivered normally after 39+3 weeks of gestation. On a routine physical examination we found a 3×3cm yellow cystic mass on the right of the urethral meatus and superior to the vaginal introitus. The Hymen was normal and the vagina was patent. The vaginal introitus was minimally displaced. The rest of the physical examination was normal. Abdominal sonography revealed a normal urinary bladder and kidneys, and an infantile uterus and ovaries. A conservative management with closed observation was decided after discussion with the parents. The child returned to a follow-up examination after a week which revealed a clearly smaller mass, and complete resolution was seen after 6 weeks. Conclusion Paraurethral cyst is a am important rare differenzial diagnosis of the intralabial masses in the neonatal period. A correct diagnosis can save the child unnecessary surgical intervention, as most of the lesions resolve spontaneously.

Adenofibroma of Skene's Duct: A Case Report

Skene's glands, also known as paraurethral glands, are homologues of the male prostate, in which painless cystic masses and inflammation due to obstruction have been rarely found and reported. In addition, there have been rare reported cases of adenocarcinoma of Skene's glands. Recently, the authors experienced the first case of adenofibroma arising in Skene's glands of a 62-year-old woman with coital pain. Hereby, we present the case with pathologic and immunohistochemical findings and a short review of literature.

Paraurethral Cysts in Female Newborns: Role of Maternal Estrogens

Paraurethral or Skene's duct cyst is a rare cause of introital mass in neonates. We report two female newborn cases with paraurethral cysts associated with vaginal bleeding and breast enlargement. These associations raise the question of whether maternal estrogens play a role in the development of paraurethral cysts.

A Case of Skene's Duct Cyst in Adult Woman

A Case of Skene's Duct Cyst in Adult Woman

Very large Skene's duct cyst

Very large Skene's duct cyst

Paraurethral cysts in female neonates. Case reports

Paraurethral or Skene's duct cysts are a rare congenital abnormality in the female neonate and are characterized by a round, yellow or orange‐coloured cystic mass on either side of the urethra meatus. In the past 17 y we have treated six cases of paraurethral cysts in our unit. All patients underwent incision and unroofing of the cyst resulting in complete healing. The diagnosis and therapeutic options for this rare lesion are reviewed. Conclusion: Paraurethral cysts are not as rare as suggested in the literature. Excision, marsupialization and needle aspiration of the cyst are all effective methods of treatment. However, spontaneous resolution has also been reported. It is suggested that the least aggressive therapy should be used.

Paraurethral (Skene's duct) cysts in the newborn resolve spontaneously

Paraurethral or Skene's duct cysts in the newborn period and early childhood are readily identified by their characteristic appearance -round, yellow- or orange-coloured swellings beside and distorting the urethral orifice. Clinical examination should be followed by sonography of the urinary tract. Natural resolution is the likely outcome and early surgery is not necessary.

Urethral diverticula: Evaluation by urethral pressure profilometry, cystourethroscopy, and the volding cystourethrogram

To compare the value of urethral pressure profilometry with that of cystourethroscopy and the voiding cystourethrogram in the evaluation and management of urethral diverticula.Twelve women with signs or symptoms of a urethral diverticulum were referred. The initial evaluation included cystourethroscopy and a voiding cystourethrogram. All then underwent urethral pressure profilometry.Nine of 12 patients had urethral diverticula, two had Skene duct cysts, and one had genuine stress incontinence. Both cystourethroscopy and voiding cystourethrography demonstrated diverticula in all patients who had them. Excision was the preliminary surgical plan in these women. Urethral pressure profilometry demonstrated a pressure depression or biphasic curve in all nine cases with diverticula. Stress incontinence was noted in one of these nine women. A biphasic curve was also noted in one woman with a Skene duct cyst and in the one who had genuine stress incontinence only. According to preset criteria for profilometry, excision was the planned operative procedure for all.Cystourethroscopy and voiding cystourethrography were satisfactory techniques for diagnosing urethral diverticula and planning appropriate surgical treatment. The urethral pressure profile confirmed the presence of a diverticulum, but noted pressure depressions in cases other than diverticula. Profilometry did not change the surgical plan for treating diverticula, but allowed the planning of additional incontinence surgery in one patient.

Skene's duct cysts in female newborns

The Skene's duct cyst, which presents as a cystic mass just around the urethral meatus, is a rare congenital abnormality in the female newborn. Following a search of available literature we have been able to find Skene's duct cyst reported in only 10 newborns. Herein we report seven cases of Skene's duct cysts in female neonates that were recorded in a 5-year period (June 1984 through May 1989) among 14,518 female births at the Fatima Hospital. In these cases we found that Skene's duct cysts in the female newborn had characteristic morphological and clinical features helpful for diagnosis without a complete urologic evaluation. Needle aspiration of the cyst content provides diagnostic information as well as therapeutic effect. Treatment consisted of partial excision of the cyst wall and needle aspiration. In the initial two cases we performed partial excision of the cystic wall for the purpose of doing tissue examination and drainage of the cyst, but in the following five cases we carried out only needle aspiration. The results of both were excellent without recurrence.

Leiomyoma of the female urethra — a clinical curiosity

A case of leiomyoma of the female urethra is reported. The patient, a perimenopausal, multiparous woman presented with a gradually enlarging mass per vagina for the past 6 months. A provisional diagnosis of carcinoma of skene's duct or vaginal leiomyoma was entertained and an excisional biopsy performed. To our surprise, histopathological examination revealed an urethral cellular leiomyoma.