Furniture Size Research Articles

Wood Quality Analyzing System

This paper presents a comprehensive approach to optimizing furniture design processes and facilitating wood identification through the development of a mobile application. The application is designed to provide users with intuitive tools and resources for informed decisionmaking in furniture design and wood selection. The first component of the mobile application focuses on optimizing furniture design through furniture size and quality consideration. This encompasses the creation of an intuitive user interface that enables users to specify their furniture design preferences, including material selection criteria. A comprehensive wood database is meticulously curated, furnishing users with comprehensive details on wood sizes, qualities, and thicknesses, thereby aiding in material selection and waste reduction initiatives. Algorithms are employed to recommend optimal wood sizes, considering factors such as material selection, waste reduction, and cost analysis. Visual representation tools are included, allowing users to preview furniture designs with different wood options, facilitating informed decisionmaking. Furthermore, feedback mechanisms have been integrated to enable users to provide feedback on recommended wood sizes and qualities, thereby facilitating continuous enhancement and refinement of recommendations. The second component aims to identify the type of wood by its appearance. Image processing features have been developed to precisely extract visual characteristics from wood sample images, thereby aiding in the identification of wood species. Machine learning models are trained to classify wood species based on visual characteristics obtained from images, thereby enhancing the precision of identification. User interaction tools have been designed to ensure ease of use and accessibility for users in capturing and submitting wood sample images. Within the application, educational resources and materials are provided to help users learn about different wood species, aiding their understanding and selection process.

Mismatch between school furniture dimensions and anthropometric parameters is a risk for spinal deformities in secondary school students in Lagos, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundA mismatch between school furniture dimensions and anthropometric parameters has been well documented in adolescents, but there is a paucity of data on the impact of these mismatches on the students’ spinal health in Nigeria. This study therefore investigated the relationship of spinal deformities with selected anthropometric parameters and furniture dimensions of adolescents in secondary schools.MethodsThis study involved 540 apparently healthy students between the ages of 10 and 19 years from 9 public and private secondary schools in Lagos state, Nigeria. The furniture dimensions, anthropometric parameters, and spinal curvature disorders were evaluated using standard protocol. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 with a level of significance set at p < 0.05.ResultsTwo hundred two (37%) of the participants had abnormal spinal curvatures in varying types and degrees. There was a significant association at p ≤ 0.05 between the presence of spinal deformities and popliteal height to seat height mismatch (X2 = 175.67, p = 0.001), hip breadth to seat width mismatch (X2 = 293.14, p = 0.00), and shoulder height to backrest height mismatch (X2 = 788.16, p = 0.001).ConclusionAnthropometric parameters to furniture dimensions mismatch are significantly associated with the presence of spinal deformities among the students. The main cause of mismatch is using a homogeneous size of furniture for all students in addition to non-consideration of the students’ dimensions during furniture manufacturing.

Discrepancy between pupils' body and classroom furniture in elementary schools: A case study in the Republic of Kosovo.

Primary school children spend quite a lot of time sitting in classrooms. For this reason, it is necessary to make a scientific analysis of children's body dimensions and compare them with the furniture dimensions where they sit. The main aim of this paper is to present anthropometric data for pupils in primary schools in the Republic of Kosovo and give recommendations for school furniture design. Measurements were made in the public schools of four different regions in the Republic of Kosovo. The study includes 720 children from 12 different elementary schools with first and fifth graders (6-11 years old). Twelve body parts were measured: Stature, sitting height, shoulder height, lower leg length, hip breadth, elbow height, buttock-popliteal length, thigh clearance, eye height, shoulder breadth, and knee height. The descriptive data are calculated in terms of average, standard deviation, and 5th, 50th and 95th percentile. We recommend that the competent authorities in the Republic of Kosovo consider improving the infrastructure of primary schools in terms of furniture size according to the findings presented in this study. The information presented in this paper on pupils' anthropometry and the proposed dimensions for school furniture can be used by various bodies in Kosovo including, but not limited to: Ministry of Education Science and Technology, Ministry of Trade and Industry of Kosovo and furniture manufacturing industries as basic information for suitable furniture design for primary school children, as well as school principals to help in furniture selection.

A Novel Design of Energy-Saving and Prefabricated House System for Rural Area of Northwest China

This research proposes a novel type of rural house design that combines a prefabricated steel frame and EPS cavity blocks as exterior envelop. It has the advantages of low energy consumption, moderate cost, and low assembly difficulty, so as to meet the sustainable development goals of rural areas of China, where status quo of industrialization and economic development is at relatively low level. The article introduces the prefabricated structural features of the system, a semi-industrial construction process, features of refined room modules design based on the size of furniture and residents need at different level, and an automated combination of room modules to house mode with the aid of computer programs to save design time and better meet residents needs. It satisfies China’s goal of improving the liveability of rural areas and vigorously developing new prefabricated building systems. Finally, the article looks forward to the future research and development direction.

CFD simulation of HC-290 leakage from a split type room air conditioner

HC-290 is one of the alternatives to HCFC22 in room air-conditioners. With the phase-down schedules in Kigali Amendment, it is imperative to use HC-290. However, there are concerns about its flammability in the event of a leak from the AC indoor unit (IDU). IEC 60335-2-40 has been revised to extend the capacity ranges for A2L refrigerants and is being further revised with a focus on A2 and A3 refrigerants. In real-life situations, furniture and occupants are present inside the room and these may positively or negatively influence the dispersion of any leaked HC-290. CFD simulation of dispersion of leaked HC-290 has been carried out for a variety of scenarios. The variables include leakage rates, IDU installation heights, IDU blower ON or OFF and types of furniture. Furniture, in general, appears to promote mixing, thereby reducing HC-290 stratification. The maximum concentration occurs on the side where the leak is directed by the momentum of the jet from IDU. There is no significant effect on the concentration distribution by the type and size of furniture with legs, although solid furniture has some marginal effect due to reduction of room free volume. The average concentration of HC-290 in the room is slightly more when the solid furniture like cupboards are placed some distance away from the IDU. The highest concentration at 30 cm above floor level, is 44% of LFL when the blower is ON, while it is 62% when the blower is OFF.

THE INTERIOR IN SCHOOL BUILDINGS. DIMENSIONS AND SCALES OF THE ELEMENTS OF INTERIOR REQUIREMENTS FOR ELEMENTS OF THE INTERIOR SPACE

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Ergonomic requirements for furniture are defined.Dependency between the physiological characteristics of children and the size of furniture and spaces are followed up in the article.The main trends for design of classroom furniture are provided.Materials required to create furniture for particular age groups of students are indicated.Materials for finishing layers of the enclosing elements have been identified, specifying their characteristics and when these are the most apprpriate to achieve a better learning environment.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Kajian Antropometri &amp; Ergonomi Desain Mebel Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini 3-4 Tahun di Siwalankerto

Mebel merupakan fasilitas dalam ruang yang sangat vital dalam mendukung tercapainya produktivitas dari aktivitas yang dilakukan. Aktivitas belajar anak usia dini biasanya cenderung banyak berinteraksi dengan mebal sebagai fasilitas belajarnya. Sebagai studi kasus adalah mebel fasilitas belajar di komunitaspendidikan anak usia dini di Siwalakerto. Mebel anak usia dini di Siwalankerto perlu dikaji kesesuaiannya secara antropometri dan ergonomi untuk dapat digunakan dengan nyaman, terutama untuk anak usia 3-4 tahun yang aktivitas belajarnya lebih banyak dan lebih sering berinteraksi dengan mebel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan antropometri anak usia dini 3-4 tahun yang dapat direkomendasikan untuk menentukan ukuran mebel yang ergonomis dengan pengguna sehingga dapat mengoptimalkan kenyamanan dan menghindari munculnya kelainan dikarenakan kesalahan serta ketidak sesuaian dalam menggunakan mebel. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif format eksplanasi survey. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah ukuran tubuh dari anak- anak paud Siwalankerto usia 3-4 tahun dan ukuran mebel yang direkomendasian sesuai berdasarkan data ukuran antropometri tersebut.

주거 공간에서의 행위별 주요 시점 및 작업면 측정점 기준

In this study, the subjects were divided into those in their 20s to 30s and 40s to 50s. While they were engaging in particular behaviors in each living space, the visual points were analyzed and the distance of working surface was measured. This study is significant in that it can help improve the evaluation tool as to photometric quantities, and the findings are as follows. First, the point of gaze of each age group depending on the behavior in each space was not much different. The following were the main factors: the working space, the main object of their behavior, and the visual point of their behavior. Second, assessing the major visual points were different from the standards on eye level they varied depending on the living environment and roles of the subjects. Third, assessing the major visual points varied depending on the color, furniture type, and furniture size; it also varied depending on the behavior in each living space. Based on the findings, the following are suggested. First, more studies on visual points depending on gender and roles should be conducted. Second, more evaluation variables should be developed, given the average body size of Korean males and females, for more systematic studies.

Research on the Interaction between the Movement of Furniture and its Surrounding Walls on the Occasion of an Earthquake

Through the vibration table testing, with the pine furniture model, the distance between the model and wall, as well as the experimental load and acceleration as the main research parameter. Research on the following aspects: (1) the effect of interaction on distance between the furniture and the wall of the influence of the interaction, (2) the interaction between furniture sliding, mobile and the wall, and the relationship between the test load frequency, acceleration, etc, (3) influence of furniture size on furniture sliding, mobile, etc. The results revealed that sliding volume increases as the frequency decreases significantly after the model collides with the wall; when the frequency increases, the movement of the monomer decreases. When the furniture is apart from the walls in a certain distance, the collision between them is prevented, and the movement of the models which collides the object is as twice as the movement the single one.

How small can a dwelling be? A revision of Portuguese building regulations

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the minimum necessary net internal area of dwellings that should be established by Portuguese building regulations.Design/methodology/approachThe following tasks are carried out: selecting the furniture and equipment necessary for each dwelling; determining the size of furniture and equipment and its typical arrangement; conceiving models of functional spaces; determining the net area of functional spaces and dwellings; comparing results with statistics on housing construction in Portugal and with mandatory area standards used in Portugal and ten other European countries.FindingsThe paper finds that the net internal area presently set by Portuguese building regulations should be increased by 5 to 15 percent. The net internal area figure obtained by the study is similar to mandatory regulations established by some other European countries.Research limitations/implicationsThe study focuses on the net internal area of dwellings, although other space standards are also important to assuring the practicability of dwelling spaces; area standards were set on the basis of the current Portuguese situation and required adaptation when used in different social, cultural and economic contexts; area standards constitute a safety‐net against unacceptable dwellings rather than good practice guidelines.Practical implicationsThe results may be used to support a review of Portuguese building regulations and provide guidelines for the design of dwellings.Originality/valueA methodology to determine area standards is presented and applied. Up‐to‐date information on furniture size and arrangements is collected. The comparison enables an understanding of how the results compare in a European context.

Anthropometric evaluation for primary school furniture design

Musculoskeletal symptoms are one of the top ten health problems among schoolchildren in Hong Kong. Whether or not these symptoms are related to school furniture has yet to be determined and published data on furniture size are lacking. The purpose of the study was to determine whether the design of furniture in schools is appropriate for children's anthropometry. A total of 214 volunteer subjects were recruited. This constituted 90% of the total number of primary 5 and 6 students in the studied school (i.e. those aged 10 and 13 years). The data collected included demographic information, data on perceived health and posture and body and furniture measurements. The girls' BMI was lower than that of the boys. The girls had longer lower limbs and wider hip breadth measurements in the standing position. This was similar in the sitting position. Almost none of the subjects had a chair with an appropriate seat height. Seat depth was found appropriate for large groups of students whether or not a large or small chair was used. Recommendations on the sizes of chairs and desks for boys and girls are discussed.

Match between school furniture dimensions and children's anthropometry

The purpose of the study was to examine whether school furniture dimensions match children's anthropometry. Children aged 6–18 years ( n = 2 7 4 ), divided into 3 groups on the basis of the used furniture size, were subjected into anthropometric measurements (shoulder, elbow, knee and popliteal height, buttock-popliteal length and hip breadth). Combinational equations defined the acceptable furniture dimensions according to anthropometry and match percentages were computed, according to either the existing situation—where children use the size assigned for their grade—or assuming that they could use the most appropriate of the sizes available. Desk and seat height were bigger than the accepted limits for most children (81.8% and 71.5%, respectively), while seat depth was appropriate for only 38.7% of children. In conclusion, the assumption that children could use the most appropriate yet available size significantly improved the match, indicating that the limited provision of one size per cluster of grades does not accommodate the variability of anthropometry even among children of the same age.

地震時における家具の転倒率推定方法

In this paper, a method to estimate overturning ratios of furniture during earthquakes is proposed. A curve to describe overturning ratios of rigid bodies proposed by the author et al. is used in the method. The method takes account of effects of size of furniture and friction coefficients between furniture and floors. The method is verified by comparing with earthquake damage data at the 1978 Miyagiken-oki earthquake, the 1993 Kushiro-oki earthquake and the 1995 Hyogoken-nambu earthquake. Using this method, we can estimate indoor damage due to earthquakes for various size of furniture on various floor conditions.

Furniture design by use of the finite element method

The design of structural members of furniture is almost never the subject for mathematical considerations. Instead, the designer rests on empirical experience and constructs for example chairs with dimensions of structural members based on tradition and aesthetic reasons. By the much more common use of computers it is nowadays possible to use modern finite element programs in various stages of the design process. In this paper we show how already simple calculations lead to a totally different design of a chair. We also emphasise the need for more research on wood in “furniture size” and not only as part of building structures. There is no need for “triple-security” values when a chair is to be designed but instead it is possible to balance on the edge of the mechanical strength in the wooden members. Further, it is possible to use only wood details where no knots, or other errors are present. This will lead to substantially thinner members in the wooden chair.