Situation Of Social Vulnerability Research Articles

Humanist education: a case study on educational services for children and adolescents in situations of social vulnerability

Considering the challenges found today in society, especially in the area of Education, this work seeks to reflect on the propositions of Humanist Education, which considers the person in a continuous process of discovering his own Being, connecting with other people and groups, aiming at self-realization, as well as valuing the full use of their potential and capacities, in which feelings and experiences play an important role as a growth factor. Thus, the phenomenological research at Mansão do Caminho aimed to find out how Humanist Education is put into practice. The research allowed the knowledge of the didactic-pedagogical fundamentals of Mansão do Caminho in Salvador (BA) in the educational service for children and adolescents in socially vulnerable situations, focusing on pedagogical practices that aim to educate for the appropriation of humanist values. As the main objective of Mansão do Caminho, the Institution not only exercises the function of teaching and social assistance, but seeks to educate and promote the Human Being in an integral way.

The Double Burden of Malnutrition is Associated with Continued Breastfeeding and Early Consumption of Ultra-Processed Drinks in Socially Vulnerable Brazilian Children

ABSTRACT This study aimed to assess the association between the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) with continued breastfeeding and the early introduction of ultra-processed drinks in children living in situations of social vulnerability. This cross-sectional population-based study was carried out in a capital city in the Northeast of Brazil, which included 561 children. It was observed that introducing soft drinks into the child’s diet during the first year of life was directly associated with DBM but indirectly with continuous breastfeeding for 12 or more months. These results indicate paths that can be followed to reverse the current scenario.

COVID-19, social determinants of transmission in the home. A population-based study.

Studying transmission within the home is essential to understand the transmission dynamics of numerous infectious diseases. For Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), transmission within the home constitutes the majority exposure context. The risk of infection in this setting can be quantified by the household/intra-family secondary attack rate (SAR). In the literature, there are discrepancies in these values and little information about its social determinants. The aim of this study was to investigate transmission in the home by analyzing the influence of occupational social class, country of origin and gender/sex. This was a retrospective cohort study of a population registry of cohabiting contacts with COVID-19 cases diagnosed from 15 June to 23 December 2020, in the Murcia Region. The household SAR was analyzed considering the characteristics of the primary case (sex, age, symptoms, occupational social class, country of origin and number of people in the household) and contact (age and sex) using a multilevel binary logistic regression model. Among the 37727 contacts included, the intra-family SAR was 39.1%. The contacts of confirmed primary cases in the migrant population (Africa and Latin America) had higher attack rates, even after adjusting for the other variables. Older age and female sex were independent risk factors for contracting Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) within the home. There was greater intra-domiciliary transmission among immigrants, likely related to the conditions of the home and situation of social vulnerability. Women were more likely to be infected by transmission from a cohabiting infected individual.

Mortalité maternelle chez les femmes avec vulnérabilité sociale en France 2016–2018

Social vulnerability is a known factor in perinatal medical risk, both for the foetus and the mother. As part of the French confidential enquiry into maternal deaths, the introduction in 2015 of specific items relating to social status has made it possible to recreate this composite variable. Over the period 2016-2018, one woman in three who died was in a situation of social vulnerability. Of these 79 deaths, 32 (41%) were related to direct obstetric causes, 26 (33%) to indirect obstetric causes, 12 (15%) to suicides and 8 (10%) of unknown cause. Care was considered sub-optimal in 73% of cases, compared with 64% in the group of maternal deaths with no identified social vulnerability. 43 deaths were judged to be probably (n=12) or possibly (n=31) avoidable, 25 were not avoidable, and 11 were not sufficiently documented for this assessment; i.e. a proportion of 63% of probable or possible avoidability, a higher proportion compared with the 56% of avoidability among women with no identified social vulnerability. In 1/3 of maternal deaths, a lack of interaction between the woman and the healthcare system was involved in the chain of events leading to death, i.e. 2 times more than in the case of socially non-vulnerable women. Improving the interaction of women in socially vulnerable situations with the hospital system and the institutional and voluntary networks providing care, support and assistance is a priority. A specific, responsive medical and social organisation could contribute to this.

The everyday life occupations of older women in social vulnerability in Brazil

ABSTRACT Population aging is widely discussed due to the impacts of increased life expectancy, especially in socially vulnerable populations. This descriptive-exploratory qualitative study aims to understand older women’s perceptions of their occupations in a socially vulnerable community. The participants were 11 women, aged 60 years or older, living in Vila Marçola, Aglomerado da Serra, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Semi-structured interviews were carried out and the content was analyzed by using thematic analysis. Findings indicated four care dimensions: 1) Household care and caring for other people, 2) Community care, 3) Self-care, and 4) Expanding the experiences of care in old age. Older, mostly black, and poor women from Vila Marçola highlighted the unequal living conditions in Brazil. These women were overloaded with occupations, especially paid and unpaid household care, and did not have access to or stability in other occupations. However, retirement allowed them to participate in educational and social projects, increasing their occupational repertoire. This study contributes to the construction of intersectional knowledge in the field of occupational science, expanding the understanding of the socio-cultural dimensions that involve the diversity of people around the world, especially in situations of social vulnerability.

Early introduction of ultra-processed foods is associated with overweight and anaemia in socially vulnerable Brazilian children.

This study aimed to evaluate the early introduction of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and identify its association with overweight and anaemia in Brazilian children living in a situation of social vulnerability. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a Brazilian capital. Children aged 12-59 months were included. The presence of overweight and anaemia was evaluated, as well as the introduction of twelve different UPF in children's first year of life. Association analysis was performed using Poisson regression, with robust estimates of variances. A total of 561 children were studied; 85·5 % had consumed at least one UPF evaluated in the first year of life; 19·1 % were overweight and 52·0 % were anaemic. Adjusted multivariate analyses identified that the early introduction of soft drinks (Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 1·18, 95 % CI (1·02, 1·38)), packaged snacks (PR = 1·17, 95 % CI (1·05, 1·30)) and powdered soft drinks (PR = 1·36, 95 % CI (1·16, 1·60)) increased the likelihood of children being overweight, and the early introduction of chocolate drink (PR = 1·25, 95 % CI (1·02, 1·53)) increased the likelihood of them being anaemic, when comparing children who consumed these UPF before reaching 1 year of age with those who consumed these foods at 12 months of age or older. From the results found, one can see the existing relationship between the early introduction of UPF with overweight and anaemia, being necessary to intensify public health policies to combat malnutrition, focusing on the promotion of proper and healthy eating, especially during the phase of food introduction, focusing on the population living in socially vulnerable situations.

“My Father Put Me in a Patera So I Could Study”: Key Aspects of Socio-Educational Support for Minors Who Migrate Alone

The migration process for minors who migrate alone represents a complex reality, one entailing exciting life projects but which often clashes with a host society that at times responds in a way shaped by stereotypes and prejudices. In this regard, the role of public and private institutions responsible for the care and custody of these minors is of the utmost importance. This is the point of departure of this study: to explore the multicultural and inclusive practices that are implemented in the process of socio-educational support for minors who migrate alone. Taking as a reference the closest context, as a case study, and employing a qualitative methodological approach, 16 semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals from Centers for the Protection of Minors, Institutes of Compulsory Secondary Education (secondary schools), and third-sector entities involved in socio-educational intervention with minors who migrate alone in the province of Cordoba (Spain). The results show, firstly, the complexity of the process behind the socio-educational inclusion of these minors, mainly due to their backgrounds; and, furthermore, the role of the different expectations of the professionals involved with regards to this group’s educational and labor-oriented development, along with the importance of the diversity of socio-educational intervention strategies used, focused on individualized attention and with a comprehensive approach. In conclusion, the findings of this study highlight the importance of tackling the task of socio-educational care in a coordinated manner, without forgetting the cultural backgrounds and previous experiences that these minors have when they join these protection and educational systems. It is, therefore, necessary to continue to implement these inclusive practices that promote the comprehensive development of minors and facilitate their transition to adult life, as should be done with any other minor facing situations of social vulnerability.

Implementation of the Market Voucher in the Municipality of Franciscópolis, Mucuri Valley – MG

Objective: To investigate the economic and social impacts of the tíquete feira program on the lives of small rural producers in the Municipality of Franciscópolis, MG. Theoretical framework: A theoretical approach was conducted regarding public policies focused on family farming, solidarity economy, and social currency. Method: In the first stage, an analysis of secondary data published by the Municipality of Franciscópolis/MG was carried out. In the second stage, the IraMuTeQ software was used to analyze the content of publications on the subject. Results and conclusion: It was possible to observe that the implementation of the fair ticket helped these families who live from agriculture to partially guarantee their own livelihood and that of the family, allowing for food and nutritional security. In addition, there is the appreciation and stimulation of family farming, enabling its continuity, because, through the increase of resources, it makes possible the improvement of the products taken to the street market. Implications of the research: The study highlights the importance of addressing the solidarity economy, taking into account cultural diversity and seeking efficient solutions for the development of family farming and the local economy. It also emphasizes the implementation of public policies by the Municipality of Franciscópolis, MG, to support these goals. Originality/Value: This is a regionalized study about the solidarity economy promoted by a municipal entity in order to encourage family farmers, through its own social currency (ticket fair) and, at the same time, translates into a welfare public policy, insofar as the fair ticket is provided to local municipal employees and also to local families in situations of social vulnerability.

The necessary confluence of sociology and social impact assessment in the era of global change

Despite the intrinsic and natural connection between sociology and social impact assessment, the latter often does not hold a prominent place in the academic theory and practice of sociology. This monograph aims to justify and reclaim the rightful position of social impact assessment within the sociological discipline, through the contributions of some of the most renowned international experts in this field. This introductory article reflects on the necessary mutual contribution between sociology and social impact assessment, which, through their epistemological, methodological and axiological dialogues, establish an applied working space aimed at providing solutions for real-world problems. Sociology and social impact assessment must join forces to become agents not only of knowledge production but also of improvement of the living conditions of those in situations of social vulnerability, being this an urgent task in the face of contemporary global changes and growing inequalities.

A MUTAÇÃO DE UMA ARQUITETURA ANCESTRAL

In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, indigenous communities experience adversities common to other indigenous communities in Brazil and seek to keep their spatial and constructive cultures alive. Given this context, this article aims to analyze the vernacular architecture and the Brazilian cultural roots of one of the Guarani Mbyagroups in the municipality of Camaquã, to identify continuities and transformations in the architecture of this community. Based on bibliographical research and social participation methodologies, appropriate solutions were developed for the culture and territory of Aldeia Flor da Serra members. The approached aspects refer to the cultural, spatial,and constructive organization. The results demonstrate the permanence and transmutation of the architecture of this community, providing opportunities for reflections on its spatial and constructive heritage. The purpose is to give visibility to these ancestral solutions that may be opportune for sustainability, especially for communities in situations of social vulnerability.

PROCESS OF INTEGRATING ADOLESCENTS INTO DRUG DISTRIBUTION AND SALES NETWORKS. CASE STUDY IN ABIDJAN

The objective of the study is to analyse the causes of the integration of adolescents into various drug distribution and sales networks in the area of ​​the city of Abidjan in the Ivory Coast. Young people are looking for survival strategies from a young age, aiming at the same time to integrate socially and to be accepted by peer groups or mature people. The field research focused on a theoretical sample of 61 young people and questionnaires and interview guides were applied to them. From the field research we were able to ascertain the extent of criminal activities within the drug distribution networks. All these realities start from the economic and social difficulties these young people face, actually reaching social exclusion. For my part, social exclusion becomes a strong reason to trigger the revolt of these young people in a situation of social vulnerability.

History of brazilian education: professional education in contexto

This study aims to approach a brief report of the historical periods experienced by the country and its direct relation with Vocational Education. The history of this type of education arises with the purpose of forming a workforce to serve the elites, using individuals in situations of social vulnerability, thus giving rise to our historical roots of school dualism. This analysis will be based on documents and authors found, separating data by historical periods as follows: Colonial Period, Imperial Period, Republican Period, Vargas Era, Military Period and Post-military or Post-dictatorship Period. Based on the data found, we can see in this work that vocational education is directly influenced by the thinking of each public manager: sometimes it assumes an assistentialist role, with policies aimed at reducing idleness and marginalization; at other times, it assumes the role of serving the economic system, dressed in the garb of developmentalism; and, at other times, it takes on the guise of comprehensive education, trying to overcome the maxim of intellectual work for the elites and manual work for the "underprivileged".

INFLUENCE OF FOOD INSECURITY ON ADHERENCE TO TREATMENT AND COMPLICATIONS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN BRAZIL

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that affects millions of people worldwide, and food insecurity can aggravate the complications associated with this condition in patients living in situations of social vulnerability. We conducted an integrative literature review based on articles published in the Scielo, Google Scholar, and LILACS databases in the last five years. Ten articles were selected that addressed the most frequent complications in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus in situations of social vulnerability. The main complications found were diabetic neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, and peripheral arterial disease. In addition, food insecurity was identified as a risk factor for the development and worsening of these complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Food Insecurity Among Haitian Migrants Living In Brazil.

To analyze the situation of food insecurity among Haitians living in Midwest of Brazil, based on questions of the Brazilian Scale of Food Insecurity (BSFI). A survey was carried out with a probabilistic sampling proportional to sex of Haitians aged over 18 years who lived in Cuiabá and Várzea Grande, Mato Grosso. Haitian migrants were interviewed by bilingual (Haitian Creole/Portuguese) individuals, and for the analysis of the BSFI questions. Because the BSFI is not validated for Haitians, the first eight questions of the scale were assessed separately, according to sex, debts incurred for the migration project and time of residence in Brazil. Chi-square was calculated to test the differences between groups. A total of 404 Haitians were evaluated, 81.9% male individuals, 60.9% aged between 18 and 36 years. Among the respondents, 64.4% were worried about running out of food before having money to buy more food, and 62.6% answered that they ran out of food before having money to buy it. Higher proportions of positive answers were observed for women and those who reported having debts to finance the migration costs to Brazil. The high proportion of positive answers to the BSFS questions by Haitians seems to indicate a situation of social vulnerability and food insecurity, especially among Haitian women, as well as among those who had debts to migrate to Brazil and those who have lived in the country for more than a year.

Determinants of Exposure to Potentially Toxic Metals in Pregnant Women of the DSAN-12M Cohort in the Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil.

Exposure to potentially toxic metals (PTM) threatens maternal and child health. We investigated the determinants of exposure to lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), and manganese (Mn) in 163 pregnant women from the Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil, enrolled in the DSAN-12M cohort. We measured these metals in biological samples (blood, toenails, and hair) and the Pb dust loading rates (RtPb) at their homes by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS). Questionnaires were applied to collect sociodemographic and general habits data. Only 2.91% (n = 4) of the pregnant women had As levels above the detection limit. Few participants had levels above the recommended reference values for blood Pb (5.1; 95% CI: 2.1-10.1%), and Mn in hair or toenails (4.3; 95% CI: 2.3-10.1%). On the other hand, 61.1 (95% CI: 52.4-69.3%) had elevated blood Cd levels. After binary logistic regression, low socioeconomic status, domestic waste burning, being a passive smoker, multiparity, and renovating the house significantly increased the chances of having high levels of Mn, Pb, and Cd. We detected a worrying situation related to exposure to Cd, showing the urgency of implementing human biomonitoring in the general population, especially in situations of social vulnerability.

COVID-19 Social Thermometer Project: transnational articulations to approach populations in situations of social vulnerability

COVID-19 Social Thermometer Project: transnational articulations to approach populations in situations of social vulnerability

Entre a riqueza e a fome: condições para a promoção da segurança alimentar e nutricional nas capitais do Sul do Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: The research was carried out with the objective of evaluating the conditions for the promotion of food and nutrition security in three capitals of the southern region of Brazil. Methods: This is an evaluative research, which used an analysis and judgment matrix composed of 7 dimensions, 11 sub-dimensions, 27 indicators and 56 measures, which classified each of the elements of the matrix as excellent, good, regular or poor for the promotion of food and nutrition security in the three capitals. Data collection took place in public and freely accessible information systems. Results: The three capitals were evaluated as poor in their conditions for promoting food and nutrition security. Florianópolis and Porto Alegre presented less favorable conditions compared to Curitiba. Aspects related to universal access to adequate food and water, agroecological production systems and sustainable food supply, and traditional peoples and communities stood out negatively in the three capitals. Conclusion: Although the evaluated capitals present good socioeconomic indicators, the conditions for promoting food and nutrition security are still fragile, which is reflected in the inability to overcome hunger and food insecurity in the southern region of Brazil. The results indicate the need to qualify territorial strategies for food and nutrition security, considering different contexts, as a condition for guaranteeing the realization of the right to food with equity and priority for families and peoples in situations of social vulnerability.

WhatsApp como território e ferramenta de intervenção em terapia ocupacional social

Abstract With the recent increase in migration in France, people in situation of social vulnerability are often isolated and with nearly or no social support networks, notably due to the asylum application administrative procedures, reception conditions, and lack of information and opportunity to access public places. The PRACTS program intervenes in this situation aiming to respond to the need of building social support networks and promote social participation for this population. Thus, a WhatsApp group was created to establish contact with people and inform them about the planned activities. From this experience, a hypothesis was formulated: this device favors the emergence of a dynamic that goes beyond the simple sharing of information. The aim is to understand whether and how this platform constitutes a new territory and can be used as an intervention tool in social occupational therapy. To this end, a sample of conversations and photos extracted from this WhatsApp group was analyzed. The analysis shows six types of messages, in addition to information, which suggest that the group has become a territory shared by professionals and users and can be used as an intervention tool to strengthen the feeling of belonging to a group and promote social participation, both in virtual and real spaces. Some limitations to this device are observed, as well as the interest in constant reflection to ensure the necessary practical and ethical adaptations of the professionals to the new realities and needs of their users.

COVID-19 Social Thermometer Project: transnational articulations to approach populations in situations of social vulnerability

COVID-19 Social Thermometer Project: transnational articulations to approach populations in situations of social vulnerability

Exposure to intimate partner violence and lack of asthma control in adults: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Asthma is a chronic airway disease that affects 339 million people worldwide. It is a heterogeneous disease with different risks, including in family environments, where intimate partner violence occurs. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the possible association between psychosocial factors and asthma control in adults exposed to intimate partner violence. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a Brazilian public higher education institution in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. METHODS: The study population consisted of adults clinically diagnosed with severe asthma and those with mild/moderate asthma identified at an asthma referral outpatient clinic. The sample comprised 492 participants who underwent clinical evaluation and completed questionnaires to assess asthma control, depression, stress, and resilience. The Conflict Tactics Scale, which measures tactics for managing marital conflicts, was used to estimate the level of intimate partner violence. RESULTS: Of the 492 participants, 76.2% were women and 91% self-referenced color black/brown, 37.8% reported low family income, 87.4% reported low education level, 71.7% reported high stress, 32.5% reported low resilience, 18.5% reported moderate or severe depression, 83.3% reported resolute negotiation, 49.4% reported major psychological aggression, 19.6% reported major physical aggression, 15.5% reported major injury, and 7.3% reported major sexual coercion. Regression analysis revealed that sex was an effect modifier. CONCLUSION: Women in situations of social vulnerability, with low income and poor education, with depression, severe asthma, and those who used aggression to resolve marital conflicts had a profile associated with a lack of asthma control.