Situation In Britain Research Articles

Idiomatic space of the concept MOTHERLAND in the English and Ukrainian languages

The article presents the study of the verbalization of the concept motherland in the Ukrainian and English languages. In today’s world, the question of importance of the concept motherland is more pressing than ever. In view of the tragic events in Ukraine and the sociopolitical situation in Britain, theconcept motherland acquires a special resonance, which determined the relevance of this study. The research establishes the theoretical basis for examining the concept motherland, unveiling its essence in philosophical and theoretical contexts. The concept is analyzed in the studied languages, considering both diachronic and synchronic perspectives. The study reveals that in Ukrainian ethnic consciousness, the concept motherland is associated with home, family and evokes warm feelings, although the illusions of the ideal are no longer present. The English concept motherland is slightly different, as the country’s rich history inspires a sense of pride, but often grappling with issues such as a lack of unity. Common basic cognitive-invariant archetypal constants of both peoples as descendants of Indo-Europeans include benevolence, patriotism, hospitality and success. However, in the process of historical and cultural development, each ethnic group acquired distinct variant profiles. Rational kindness is characteristic of the British, while openness and sincerity are typical of Ukrainians. The British exhibit abstractness in expressing feelings towards their native country, whereas Ukrainians demonstrate a close-intimate attitude towards their homeland. Stereotypically, the British may possess a sense of national superiority over other peoples, while Ukrainians harbor an interested attitude towards foreigners. Although researchers refer to the linguistic and cultural concept motherland as abstract and universal, as its deeper reconstruction shows, it has a clearly expressed ethno-cultural marking.

SINGAPORE’S EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING ENGLISH AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR PROMOTING ENGLISH IN UNIVERSITIES IN VIETNAM

Singapore, a small Southeast Asian nation, has achieved remarkable economic development in the 20th and 21st centuries. A crucial element contributing to this success is its robust economy and enduring political stability, both of which are highly regarded, similar to the situation in Britain. This article will analyze general education and the evolving role of English in Singapore's economic growth. It will also offer policy recommendations for English language provision in Vietnamese universities, aiming to equip Vietnam's youth with strong English skills, enabling them to confidently enter the global economic arena, as Singapore has achieved successfully.

Recent Articles

Recent Articles

Women Artists in the British and Ukrainian Literature at the Turn of the 19th – 20th Century: D. H. Lawrence’s Women in Love and O. Kobylianska’s Valse Mélancolique

The article analyzes the peculiarities of women-artists’ portrayal in the texts Women in Love by D. H. Lawrence and Valse Melancolique by O. Kobylianska in the light of feminism and intermediality. Its relevance is conditioned by a new wave of interest in feminist interpretation, the comparative study of the relationship between visual art-literature and the opportunity to expand the line of the research of English-Ukrainian literary cross-cultural relationships. The purpose of this article is to determine the similarities and differences in the images of women artists. In order to achieve this objective, we used feminist approaches, elements of intermedial and contextual analyzes, as well as biographical and typological methods. The research showed that the correspondences in the images of women-artists are obvious at different levels: the importance of art in the life of the protagonists, criticism of patriarchal society with all its conventions towards women, focus on strong personalities of women-artists, elements of visual art incorporated in the literary works. Despite the different socio-cultural situation in Britain and Ukraine at the turn of the 19 th –20 th century, the prose works of D. H. Lawrence and O. Kobylianska proved the authors’ common interpretation of women-artists images, which correlate with the modernist principles of a free choice and self-expression.

In Wakefield’s laboratory: Tangata Whenua into property/labour in Te Waipounamu

This article follows the alchemical political economy of Edward Gibbon Wakefield for whom Kāi Tahu whenua served as a laboratory. Wakefield’s clever formula for the transubstantiation of an incendiary social situation in Britain into new terrain for capital was designed to secure the transplantation of English economic and social relations to the colonies to ensure the persistence of a landless class compelled to sell their labour for wages. Ingeniously, the transport of that labour to the colonies was to be paid for by the market in land in the new colony: Kāi Tahu would be made to fund their own colonisation. I track the fate of capital’s settler dream for ready land and labour as it was brought into being by the New Zealand Company, subsequently taken over by the Crown, and as it continues into our present. The argument is divided into two parts. The first is the classical moment of primitive accumulation, clearing people from the land to provide a market in land and labour, ‘legal’ dispossession, and commodification. The second is the more recent continuation of the initial processes of dispossession and commodification as these assert themselves in processes of redress and as they are expressed in the corporatisation of Ngāi Tahu.

Weariness and Disillusion: Political Situation in Britain through the prism of Public Opinion

Weariness and Disillusion: Political Situation in Britain through the prism of Public Opinion

OTHERNESS IN IRVINE WELSH’S NOVEL “TRAINSPOTTING”

Irvine Welsh, being one of the most prominent writers belonging to the postmodernist movement of the end of the 20th century, still retains his popularity in youth culture. Due to deep social insight of his works, they are being studied not only by literary scholars, but also by socio-humanitarian researchers. In this article the study of his work is mainly based on literary analysis, but also includes concepts of philosophy, cultural and social studies. Otherness, primarily a socio-philosophical concept, in “Trainspotting” reveals its new shades, which require a multidisciplinary research approach. In our analysis we consider the historical situation in Britain at the end of 20th century closely connected with the elimination and deconstruction of traditional class, ethnical and gender identities. For the Scottish society of that time identity and otherness issues become highly relevant: along with the reforms of economic and social policies, individualistic mindset is being shaped and the freedom of self-identification is enhanced. Irvine Welsh’s main creative intention is to reflect on these processes. The analysis of the image system of the novel reveals the most important aspects of otherness illustrated in “Trainspotting”: ethnical, gender and existential.

بريطانيا دراسة في الأوضاع السياسية والاقتصادية الداخلية 1964-1970

Britain has a great political and economic weight among the European nations. This importance increased since the end of World War II for several reasons in this period. In fact the field of research and according to many historians is the richest in historical writings. This study deals with the political and economic situation in Britain. A study of historical period between (1964- 1970) is an attempt to discuss these developments of an era, since it did not take the appropriate position in academic studies, this study is to fill part of this void. The British labor party took control from 1964 to 1970, which represents an important era under Harold Wilson. Britain went through a political and economic setbacks under the Conservative Party which to withdraw from the cabinet and by 1964 he became the Labor Party’s prime minister. .Things did not go as planned by the organizers of power in Britain and the economic crisis worsened for over six years,
 which had already been the focus of a test for politicians in Britain .This forced the Labor Party to loose elections in 1970 and the Conservatives regained power again.

Press Self-Regulation in Britain: A Critique

This article reviews the history of press self-regulation in Britain, from the 1947 Ross Commission to the 2012 Leveson Inquiry Commission. It considers the history of the Press Council and the Press Complaints Commission, analysing the ways they developed, their work, and how they have reached their current non-status. It is argued that the existing situation in Britain is far from satisfactory, and that the press should advance more elaborate mechanisms of self-control, establishing a new regulatory body called the Public and Press Council that will be anchored in law, empowering the new regulator with greater and unprecedented authority, and equipping it with substantive sanctioning abilities. The Public and Press Council should be independent and effective, with transparent policies, processes and responsibilities. Its adjudication should be made in accordance with a written, detailed Code of Practice.

After Leveson

The aim of this article is to review the work of the official inquiry committee headed by Lord Justice Brian Leveson in Britain. It is argued that the existing situation in Britain is far from satisfactory, and that the press should advance more elaborate mechanisms of self-control, establishing a new regulatory body called Public and Press Council that will be anchored in law, and funded by organizations that are independent from government and the media. The new independent regulator should be empowered with greater and unprecedented authority, and with substantive sanctioning abilities.

Contesting the Limond thesis on British influence in Irish education since 1922: a comparative perspective

This paper is a response to David Limond's exposition, “[An] historical culture … rapidly, universally, and thoroughly restored”? British influence on Irish education since 1922', which appeared in Comparative Education, Vol. 46, No. 4, November 2010, pp. 449–462. Limond's overall thesis is that ‘a post-colonial overhang affects Irish policy-makers and bureaucrats in their educational policies and practices’. This paper contests three main aspects of Limond's exposition. First, in his analysis of the period 1831–1922, he fails to place sufficient emphasis on the extent to which the educational system was favoured by the Catholic Church, which operated in a manner which served not only its own interests, but also those of the middle classes of Irish Catholic farmers, merchants and business people. Secondly, he does not sufficiently indicate the extent to which the structure of Irish education from the early years of independence until the mid-1960s, and associated curriculum changes, were very different from the situation in Britain at the time. Thirdly, while he is correct in stating that, since the 1960s, Ireland has imported certain ideas on educational policy and practice from Britain, he neglects to demonstrate that there were also other sources, and that they were probably more dominant than the British ones. Hopefully, as a rejoinder, the paper will be read in a positive light by indicating how the historical study of Irish education within a comparative context is a neglected area of scholarship, and thus stimulate researchers to address the situation.

User involvement in the illegal drugs field: what can Britain learn from European experiences?

In Britain, the last two decades have seen a considerable increase in focus on service users' involvement in the provision of services that directly affect them, particularly where service users originate from a hard to reach population such as drug users. While the National Treatment Agency and drug and alcohol action teams often extol the virtues of the involvement of drug users in their service provision, participation of this type does not come without problems of its own. Experience of drug user involvement in service provision is much more established in Europe and this article seeks to utilise European examples in illustrating the potential pitfalls of such a strategy. Case studies are examined from three countries: the Netherlands, where drug policy is relatively liberal and drug user groups have been established since the 1970s; Denmark, where drug policy is fairly well balanced between repression and tolerance and drug user groups have been established since the 1990s; and Sweden, where drug policy is relatively repressive and drug user groups are only just emerging. Salient points from these case studies are then used to form the discussion, relating European experiences to the situation in Britain.

Writing radical protest: The Angry Brigade and two English novels

The Angry Brigade was a group of individuals who claimed responsibility for a series of attacks against property at the beginning of the 1970s. They were infuriated by the social and political situation in Britain, particularly anti-working-class legislation introduced by the Conservative government.The trial of eight people accused of the bombings received widespread press coverage which presented them in a derisory fashion. A consideration of the Angry Brigade’s activities and the reasons behind their actions will be followed by a discussion of two novels: Christie Malry’s Own Double-Entry by BS Johnson and The Angry Brigade by Alan Burns, both written out of the same sense of injustice. We will find that these novels go beyond the narration of the circumstances that lead to terrorist acts or the acts themselves to become acts of radical protest which depict the motives which provoke such a violent response.

Drugs in Britain: Supply, Consumption and Control by M. Simpson, T. Shildrick and R. MacDonald (Eds.).

Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan ( 2007 ) 205pp. £19.99pb ISBN 1-4039-3695-1 Drugs in Britain attempts to ‘unravel some of the contradictions and controversies’ that surround the use and distribution of illegal drugs in Great Britain (p.2). It is an edited volume of ten chapters that is divided into two parts. The first part focuses on the distribution and consumption of illicit drugs and the second part on policing, control and care. The contributors include some of the key authors who publish in the field of drugs misuse (for example, Hough, Pearson and Turnbull). The book is written with authority and clarity, making it suitable for a wide audience, including researchers, drug workers, academics, postgraduate and undergraduate students. The editors begin the book with a useful chapter that introduces the reader to the complexity of the drug situation in Britain. The focus on David Cameron's admission of illicit drug use during his university days illustrates both the political relevance of the issue and the ‘increasing cultural toleration’, or normalisation, of illicit drug use in British society (p.1). As the authors point out, it is hard to imagine a time when the leader of a British political party could enter a discussion on personal drug use with ‘such little ill-effect’ (p.1). The introduction not only places the book in context, but also provides the reader with detailed chapter summaries that cleverly tease out the key issues under investigation. Part One of the book provides readers with information about the use and distribution of illicit drugs in Britain. Newcombe, for example, explores national trends in drug use and concludes that a plateau stage may have been reached. Blackman explores the connection between youth culture and recreational drug use and reviews the key films, songs and literature in which illicit drugs have featured. Seddon, by contrast, reviews the development of Britain's ‘heroin problem’ over the last century (p.61). He predicts, rather bleakly, that a new heroin epidemic might unfold in Britain from around 2010. In the last chapter of Part One, Pearson investigates the operation of drug markets and reviews the ‘pitifully thin’ evidence base (p.76). He concludes that that drug markets are ‘highly fragmented with different actors playing different roles at different times’ with no-one able to draw the whole picture (p.90). Part Two of the book is largely concerned with official responses to the problems created by illicit drug use. McSweeney, Hough and Turnbull explore the connection between illicit drug use and crime, and consider the power of the police and courts to coerce drug-misusing offenders into treatment. They conclude that, with appropriate treatment and support, a minority can be expected to reduce their level of offending. Crowther-Dowey looks from a historical perspective at the policing of drugs in Britain. He describes how, in recent years, the police have been performing a wider range of duties, beyond crime management and reduction. Harm reduction, he explains, is now a ‘core component of contemporary policing’ (p.124). McInness and Barrett review the literature evaluating the effectiveness of drug education programmes and show that such programmes have had only marginal success in changing attitudes and behaviours in relation to illicit drug use. They predict the growth of a more liberal approach to drugs education in line with the increasing ‘normative tolerance of recreational drug use’ (p.138). In the last chapter of Part Two Webster explores the history of drug treatment and control in Britain. He considers the debates surrounding coercive drug treatment and suggests that entering treatment and staying in treatment are quite different issues. The criminal justice system, he asserts, ‘cannot easily influence the quality, and therefore the effectiveness, of treatment programmes’ (p.155). In the concluding chapter, MacDonald, Shildrick and Simpson (the book's editors) use a case-study approach to draw out the main conclusions of the preceding chapters. The use of Barney's experiences neatly highlights the key issues explored throughout the book. The editors express serious doubts about the effectiveness of current British drugs policy and recommend that drugs policy would be better off: (i) targeting the adverse conditions that seem to provide the context for illicit drug use; and (ii) addressing the flaws in current drug treatment provision. Drugs in Britain does not cover all the issues relevant to the study of drugs in Britain. It does not claim to. What it does do, however, is provide readers with a clear and succinct overview of the key issues. Those readers left wanting more at the end of each chapter are provided with useful ‘further reading’ lists and thought-provoking ‘study questions’. I would thoroughly recommend this book to students, academics, drug workers or indeed anyone with an interest in one of the most important social issues of the current time.

Hydrogeology of lowland karst in Ireland

Almost a half of the Republic of Ireland is underlain by Carboniferous limestone, most of which is sufficiently pure to be karstified. Upland outcrops of limestone are largely confined to plateaux in the west and NW such as the Burren but the great majority of the limestone underlies the undulating lowland of central Ireland, which only locally exceeds 100 m in elevation. The lowland limestones are the principal source of groundwater in Ireland and also coincide with the most economically developed and intensively farmed areas, unlike the situation in Britain, where most karst limestone areas are relatively peripheral uplands. Such limited hydrogeological investigations as have been undertaken of the lowland limestones of Ireland suggest that karstic flow systems predominate, that they are intimately related to surface drainage systems and that the groundwater and associated karst features are often highly vulnerable to anthropogenic influences.

The Blair Report

A CLOSE LOOK AT NEW LABOUR’S DECADE REVEALS A JANUS-HEADED APPROACH TO FREE SPEECH

The Flesh Trade in Europe: Trafficking in Women and Children for the Purpose of Commercial Sexual Exploitation

This paper explores the phenomenon of trafficking for the purpose of commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) in the context of a changing Europe and pays particular attention to the situation in the UK. It discusses difficulties with defining the issue of trafficking and the reasons for an apparent increase in this phenomenon in recent years. It then considers trafficking as a process and the challenges of measuring the scale of the problem. The paper goes on to consider trafficking routes and examines the situation in Britain. Finally, official responses to the problem in Britain are considered.

The State of Construction Training and Employment in the Local Economy of Jersey

There is a crisis in the training and skills provision of the Channel Island of Jersey's construction industry that has similarities with the situation in Britain. The main problems relate to the unavailability, inappropriateness and narrow focus of skills, the demand-driven and task- or job-specific nature of training, the Jersey-born and male focus of recruitment, and the uncoordinated, traditional and short-term approach of the local construction firms towards promotion and financing of training provision. It is argued that a structured training policy incorporating the needs of both education and industry and holding a long-term vision should enable the construction industry of Jersey to reverse the downward spiral.

Music industry research: Where now? Where next? Notes from Britain

From 1995–2000 I was Director of the Economic and Social Research Council's research programme on Media Economics and Media Culture. One of my tasks was to organise meetings of researchers in the field and to this end I ran a series of seminars at the British Phonographic Institute for people studying the music industry. These seminars were thematic, covering music industry strategies in global media markets; methods for measuring the value of the music industry; the uses of music; and musicians. A final meeting, held in the then about-to-be-opened National Centre for Popular Music in Sheffield on 16 February 1999, brought together nearly all the UK's academic music industry researchers to discuss future research in the light of the MEMC Programme's findings. What follows is a report from both MEMC research and the Sheffield meeting. The aim is to provide an overview of the current research situation in Britain.

VIRTUAL COMMUNITY CARE? SOCIAL POLICY AND THE EMERGENCE OF COMPUTER MEDIATED SOCIAL SUPPORT

This article argues that the emergence and growth of internet use in Britain has important implications for the analysis of social policy. It attempts to outline a research agenda for social policy in relation to one particular aspect of internet use, that of on-line self-help and social support – what we term here virtual-community care . The article presents data on patterns of home based internet use in Britain and outlines some contemporary debates in social policy about the importance of self-help and social support. It also considers how the internet is being used for self-help and social support with a particular emphasis on the emerging situation in Britain. Three illustrations of on-line self-help and social support are presented: two from newsgroups, which are part of the ‘uk.people.* hierarchy’: one concerned with disability and one with parenting issues; and one web based forum concerned with issues surrounding mortgage repossession. Drawing upon this illustrative material the article discusses some emergent issues for contemporary social policy discourse: the rise of self-help groups; the privileging of lay knowledge and experience over the ‘expert’ knowledge of health and welfare professionals; the nature of professional-client relationships; the quality and legitimacy of advice, information and support; dis/empowerment; and social exclusion.