Situated Self Research Articles

Living with and living by tattoos – discursive analysis of a bodily practice

ABSTRACT In this case study, we present a discursive analysis of tattoos related to significant autobiographical events, examining their pictorial, interpretative, embodied and discursive characteristics in a remembering process. Tattoos are pictorial motifs of a culturally defined system, while tattooed persons as active agents endow them with personal meanings connected to their motives. This study presents the connection between motif choosing and individual motives, as well as the embodied positions of tattoos with their discursive consequences. Our paper underscores that not only new or reinterpreted meanings are created in this practice, but persons also construct their own positions, their own situated selves and identity in a positioning process. Through these discursive identity positions, that are assigned both in everyday conversations and in wider social-cultural discourses, persons construct more positive self-images, thus creating a device for coping with crisis situations.

FROM SITUATED SELVES TO THE SELF: CONVERSION AND PERSONHOOD AMONG ROMAN CATHOLICS IN TOKYO. By HisakoOmori. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2020. Pp. xiv + 225. Hardback, $95.00; Paperback, $32.95.

Religious Studies ReviewVolume 48, Issue 4 p. 608-608 Short Reviews of Recent Publications: Inner Asia FROM SITUATED SELVES TO THE SELF: CONVERSION AND PERSONHOOD AMONG ROMAN CATHOLICS IN TOKYO. By Hisako Omori. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2020. Pp. xiv + 225. Hardback, $95.00; Paperback, $32.95. First published: 30 January 2023 https://doi.org/10.1111/rsr.16135Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume48, Issue4December 2022Pages 608-608 RelatedInformation

HUBUNGAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN SITUASIONAL DAN EFIKASI DIRI DENGAN KINERJA GURU SEKOLAH DASAR KECAMATAN RANCAKALONG KABUPATEN SUMEDANG

THE RELATIONSHIP OF SITUATIONAL LEADERSHIP STYLE AND SELF EFFICACY TO THE PERFORMANCE OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS AT KECAMATAN RANCAKALONG SUMEDANG DISTRICTThis study was intended to formulate efforts that could be implemented in order to improve teacher’s performance by studying its relationship with situational leadership style and self-efficacy. The population of this study were 183 PNS teachers and 126 samples were selected using the Yamane formula with an error tolerance was 5%.. Data were collected using an instrument in the form of questionnairies and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The results showed that therewere three positive and significant relationships. Firstly, there was a positive and significant relationship between situational leadership style and the performance of PNS teacher, where the correlation coefficient was 0.648. Secondly, there was a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy and teacher performance, where the correlation coefficient value was 0.585. Thirdly, there was a positive and significant relationship between situational leadership style and self-efficacy altogether with teacher performance, where the correlation coefficient value was 0.719.

Becoming What You Eat: Anna Kingsford's Vegetarian Posthuman

By situating Anna Kingsford's vegetarian writings within the paired context of late-Victorian dietetic discourse and modern posthuman philosophy, this article demonstrates both the Victorian association between diet and evolution and the contemporary applications of late-nineteenth-century dietary ethics. Kingsford was a leading scientist, antivivisector, feminist, and mystic who helped shape the Victorian vegetarian movement. Her influential rhetoric emphasized that vegetarianism would nourish interspecies relations and allow Victorians to materialize novel forms of subjectivity, kinship, community, and responsibility appropriate for the post-Darwinian landscape. This article reads her foundational vegetarian treatise, The Perfect Way in Diet (1881), along with her published lectures on vegetarianism through the overlapping lenses of posthumanism and new materialism, illuminating the congruence between Kingsford's call to embody ethics and the contemporary posthuman call to become an ecologically situated self. I argue that by framing vegetarianism as a generative, affirmative kin-making practice, grounded in the shared materiality and interests of humans and nonhumans, Kingsford articulates a posthuman dietary ethics.

Teacher narratives and understandings of (de)humanising pedagogy

A pre-requisite to teaching and learning for humanisation, is the acknowledgement of our situated selves. Situated selves are positioned in our previous, current, and future experiences. The words we use refer to realities and views of the world (Roux and Becker 2016). For Freire (1993, 68) “to speak a true word is to transform the world”. Education plays a crucial role in transforming people’s worlds, their mindsets, and social relations, that is, in how we name and rename our world. Teachers, therefore, are key mediators of transformative change as agents of social justice, and in the facilitation of learning as transformative specialists (Giroux 1983). Education is therefore a space that would reap the benefits of humanisation. The case study draws on teacher narratives and interviews to explore how teachers understand and reflect on a humanising pedagogy. I conclude that drawing on a humanising pedagogy is a priority for student accomplishment and significant for academic and social resilience.

The Medicalisation of the Female Body and Motherhood: Some Biological and Existential Reflections.

Maternity is a biological process that has increasingly changed into an authoritative medicalized phenomenon and requires techno-medical intervention today. Modern medicine perceives women's procreative functions as pathological that need medical involvement and control. Medical biologists claim that the female body is destined to procreate in which medical sciences can assist them with techniques. But is a woman's body biologically evolved merely for procreation? Or is it a sexist interpretation of her socially situated self? How can we justify the idea of universality and neutrality of medical sciences in a social context? Arguing against deterministic biology, existential feminists advocate that female body is not merely a biological fact but rather a social situation under which the maternal act has become the essence of being a woman. Social situations influence medicine in a way that they are used as a rhetorical tool to achieve social desires authoritatively. The present paper explores and examines the increasing medicalization of female body and maternity through the lenses of biological determinism and phenomenological existentialism. I argue that medically supported theories of female body are socially interpreted that perpetuate the traditional role of women as mothers instead of emancipating them from their immanence. The paper discusses how the scientific model of medicine is implicitly influenced by socio-cultural forces and, consequently, tries to reduce social phenomena into biological factors to justify women's inevitable destiny as motherhood. Thus, we need a de-medicalized model of medicine in order to comprehend the true meaning of maternal body and self.

Music & Soundscapes of our everyday lives: Music & Sound-making, meaning-making, and self-making

The aim of this professional Doctor of Creative Industries (DCI) Research Project was to investigate music-making practice and self as a practitioner in the process of creating and producing a DIY music artefact, specifically to investigate why I as the practitioner felt an authentic connection with one form of music-making (acoustic instrument-based) and not a connection with another form of music-making (digital virtual-based). As a phenomenologist, I situated self into this auto-ethnographic study in the dual roles of researcher and practitioner, developing first-person narratives of my personal journey, critical reflection, and reflexive practice. The holistic and multidimensional nature of this research has provided rich and nuanced data, illuminating the co-constituted nature of self, interpreting meaning, and practice. In particular, the research study contextualizes contemporary DIY creative practice relative to three interdependent tenets: Music & Sound-making practice, meaning-making, and self-making, where these tenets are understood in terms of hybridity, agency, and subjectivity. The emergent cultural production artefact exemplifies a broader interpretation of Music & Sound-making practice: an authentic, subjective, auto-ethnographic Music & Soundscape.

The Effect of Self–Awareness on the Identification of Goal–Related Obstacles

When individuals strive towards personal goals, they may encounter obstacles that could compromise their goal progress and pose a challenge to self–regulation. Coping with obstacles first requires those obstacles to be identified. The purpose of the present studies was to apply an inter–individual approach to this important, but insufficiently studied self–regulatory aspect of goal striving. We therefore examined the role of self–awareness, that is, paying attention to one's own feelings, thoughts, and behaviours, for the identification of goal–related obstacles. We measured and manipulated self–awareness in two correlational and two experimental studies (one of them preregistered) and asked participants to identify obstacles to their goals. All studies confirmed the hypothesis that individuals with higher levels of dispositional and situational self–awareness identify more obstacles, both with regard to their idiosyncratic personal goals (Studies 1 and 2) and with regard to a goal in an assigned task during an experiment (Studies 3 and 4). The results indicate that self–awareness plays a crucial role for identifying obstacles. We discuss the implications of our findings for personality and self–regulation research.

Older Women’s Situated Identities: Positioning Analysis Applied to Stories about Everyday Experiences Dealing With Physical Functional Changes

Identities are not only constructed through coherent and unified stories about significant events but also formed within the interactions during everyday social encounters. Using positioning analysis, we explored how older women’s “small stories” from interviews can be used to identify their “situated selves” and how positioning analysis contributes to enhance our understandings about their experiences of physical functional changes. Positioning analysis helped us see how they continuously modify their positions to reconstruct their identities while they talk about everyday life. We should pay more attention to “small stories” about everyday activities as well as their coherent “big stories.”

The Pre-reflective Situational Self

It is often held that to have a conscious experience presupposes having some form of implicit self-awareness. The most dominant phenomenological view usually claims that we essentially perceive experiences as our own. This is the so called “mineness” character, or dimension of experience. According to this view, mineness is not only essential to conscious experience, it also grounds the idea that pre-reflective self-awareness constitutes a minimal self. In this paper, we show that there are reasons to doubt this constituting role of mineness. We argue that there are alternative possibilities and that the necessity for an adequate theory of the self within psychopathology gives us good reasons to believe that we need a thicker notion of the pre-reflective self. To this end, we develop such a notion: the Pre-Reflective Situational Self. To do so, we will first show how alternative conceptions of pre-reflective self-awareness point to philosophical problems with the standard phenomenological view. We claim that this is mainly due to fact that within the phenomenological account the mineness aspect is implicitly playing several roles. Consequently, we argue that a thin interpretation of pre-reflective self-awareness—based on a thin notion of mineness—cannot do its needed job within, at least within psychopathology. This leads us to believe that a thicker conception of pre-reflective self is needed. We, therefore, develop the notion of the pre-reflective situational self by analyzing the dynamical nature of the relation between self-awareness and the world, specifically through our interactive inhabitation of the social world.

Poetic Existential: A Lyrical Autoethnography of Self, Others, and World

“Poetic Existential” is a collection of lyrical autoethnography. This body of work explores existential themes relating to globalization and the immigration/refugee humanitarian crisis, “freedom” as personal/political/geographical ideology, and my own experiences of being a situated self alongside others. Lyrical poetry coaxes a person to embody and present experience through restrained (Faulkner 52), yet evocative descriptions – without the neat folds and contextual blanketing common to many narrative approaches. The challenge of autoethnographic poetry is to perform a focused crystallization of experience via lyrical aesthetics (arrangement, word choice, rhythm, rhyme, phrase and line structure, etc.). In the accompanying artist statement, I theorize my poetic engagement with attention paid to what the lyric facilitates in my scholarly work. In this exploratory fusion of lyrical expression, autoethnography, and existentialism, I hope to summon the aesthetic powers of poetry in the service of self-reflexivity, and in relation to the plight of millions of disenfranchised others.

Coetzee and Wicomb: Writers Giving an Account of Themselves in *Age of Iron* and *October*

J. M. Coetzee’s Age of Iron and Zoë Wicomb’s October feature female writers who are also academics giving an account of themselves through an autobiographical project engaging the genres, respectively, of the epistle and the memoir. While the aim is, ostensibly, to reach an understanding of the historically situated self – Mrs Curren in state-of-emergency apartheid South Africa and Mercia Murray in a conflicted family history – each narrative is punctuated with moments of profound self-questioning with answers, if any are attempted, formulated only as conditional and deferred. This article argues that Mrs Curren’s and Mercia’s ‘incoherencies’, what Judith Butler in Giving an Account of Oneself calls ‘moments of interruption, stoppage, open-endedness . . . enigmatic articulations that cannot easily be translated into narrative form’ signal each writer’s increasing awareness that she is ‘implicated, beholden, derived, sustained by a social world’ (64) that renders impossible fully knowing both the self and the other and includes her dispossession in the very language with which she attempts to represent herself. It is significant, I claim, that each novel stages an encounter with the figure of the other – Vercueil in Age of Iron and Sylvie in October – that is mediated through a non-linguistic art form, namely music and photography. Temporarily revealing the opacities created by each writer’s normative framework, these scenes demonstrate the possibility of a full responsiveness to and experience of knowing the other that cannot, however, be narrated.

A Mediterranean Melville: Representing Migration for Young Adult Readers in Francesco D'Adamo's Storia di Ismael che ha attraversato il mare

This article examines Francesco D'Adamo's 2009 novel Storia di Ismael che ha attraversato il mare as an example of the growing number of fictional accounts in Italy that represent migration for young readers. The novel conveys images that have the potential to be deeply troubling, such as the smuggler's shipwrecked boat full of dead bodies, and re-stages the relationship between the needy migrant Other and the nationally situated Self. D'Adamo's use of intertextuality and of metonymy through a first-person narration enables a shared point of view between readers and the protagonist and moves away from rigidly bounded nation-state categories.

On the Use of “I Just Thought” Formulations for Modifying One’s Stance Toward a Problematic Action

ABSTRACTThis article identifies a practice that speakers use in everyday conversation to distance themselves from accountable actions. By using the phrase “I just thought” (IJT) in connection with a target action—which may or may not already be “on record”—speakers downgrade their commitment to that action, while nonetheless not abandoning it entirely. IJTs can be produced on behalf of the speaker or an interlocutor. When produced on behalf of an interlocutor, speakers distance themselves from the target action in a way that absolves the other of accountability—e.g., by denying that the other is imposing on them. In this way, IJTs accomplish interactional solidarity, supporting the situated selves of speakers and coparties. All data are in American and British English.

CASE REPORT: AFIRMASI POSITIF PADA HARGA DIRI RENDAH SITUASIONAL PASIEN FRAKTUR FEMUR

Patients with fractures will experience a decrease in physical condition, dependence on medical actions that result in changes in the patient's life, disability and role change due to physical limitations can raise the psychological problem of low situational self-esteem. The purpose of this paper describes the results of the application of positive affirmation therapy on low self-esteem situational patients fracture of the femur. The methodology used was analytic descriptive with case study approach on 5 patients of femur fracture who experienced low situational self esteem. Results The application of positive affirmation therapy is effective in lowering the symptoms of low self-esteem situational symptoms with medical diagnoses of femoral fracture with a decrease of cognitive, affective, physiological, behavioral and social signs. A positive affirmation therapy recommendation is recommended for patients with physical problems with psychological low self-esteem situational problems

A word about … Reframing soul competency in terms of the “capable self” in Nussbaum, Sen, and Ricoeur

Baptists are commonly considered to have a distinctive emphasis on the priesthood of all believers, which came to be translated early in the twentieth century by the premier Baptist theologian E. Y. Mullins as “soul competency” ( Axioms of Religion, chap. 3). Mullins’s version has fallen on hard times as he has been criticized in Baptist life from both the right and the “moderate” sides as too individualistic and captive to American culture. This article revisits soul competency in light of the more recent emphases on the “capable self” in the philosophers Martha Nussbaum, Amartya Sen, and Paul Ricoeur. Nussbaum’s approach concerns human capabilities in terms of global political distribution of goods ( Creating Capabilities) as well as does Sen ( The Idea of Justice); Ricoeur considers the capable self in ethical, political, and religious terms (“ Asserting Personal Capacities and Pleading for Mutual Recognition” and “ Religious Belief” in A Passion for the Possible). In contrast to Mullins’s more modernistic optimism about the self, Nussbaum, Sen, and Ricoeur consider the suffering self along with their emphasis on the powers of the self; as such, in the light of their thought, soul competency or capability could be seen to presuppose not the autonomous Enlightenment self but a thoroughly situated self immersed in social bonds with other people. Such a dialogue, I propose, can inject fresh twenty-first century meaning into Mullins’s ideas of a century ago. Although the ideas of the priesthood of all believers and soul competency have been distinctively Baptist emphases, they are certainly not uniquely Baptist nor even of Baptist origin; their understanding has ramifications far beyond Baptists. In that sense, their revivification can have reverberations beyond Baptist life. In addition, such a dialogue injects a religious dimension into the wider global and philosophical discussions of Nussbaum, Sen, and Ricoeur.

“Do Some Wondering”: Children and their Self‐Understanding Selves in Early Elementary Classrooms

Self‐knowledge has been a central theme in many diagnoses of late modernity, and it has cued scholars to investigate everyday situations in which people express reflexive selves. Using participant observation and interview data, we examined two American elementary classrooms where children learn to express a type of “self‐understanding self” called the enterprising child. We suggest that this form of self emerges through classroom talk characterized by the popular pedagogical concept of metacognition, which encourages the learner to be aware of her thinking and learning and, crucially, to express an awareness of herself as a thinker and learner. We emphasize an interactionist view toward the situational self, and argue that how teachers manage classroom discourse socializes children into venerating the dispositional tendencies that correspond with new capitalist workplaces. We conclude by discussing the implications this may have for modern personhood, symbolic inequality in classrooms, and the political economy of linguistic forms.

Humanising higher education in South Africa through dialogue as praxis

Freire (1993) premised his pedagogical theory on the assumption that humanisation is the fundamental objective of education, and he emphasised the role of dialogue as praxis in achieving this. In South Africa, race has played a constitutive and dehumanising role in higher education since its beginnings during colonialism and apartheid (Soudien, 2015, 2016). During 2014 and 2015, higher education in South Africa came under attack from various student organisations for alleged discrimination, racism, and exclusive practices. We propose two conditions for dialogue as humanising praxis in higher education: the acknowledgement of situated selves, and the ontological need for, and right to, voice. We conclude that these conditions are interrelated and point to the possibilities of humanising post-1994 higher education. We use qualitative data from the NRF-funded project, Human rights literacy: a quest for meaning (Roux & du Preez, 2013) to explore student teachers' experiences of implicit and explicit exclusion, racism, and discrimination at institutions of higher education in South Africa.

Relationship Context Matters

This study compares self-construals in Belgium and Turkey in two different relationship contexts: mother and teacher. Following Kağıtçıbaşı’s model, we measured self-construal along the dimensions of autonomy and relatedness. Belgian ( n = 276) and Turkish ( n = 153) students completed Self Scales for either the mother or the teacher context. Consistent with previous cross-cultural research, Belgian students were more autonomous and less related than Turkish students, when aggregating across relationship contexts. However, in each culture, reported self-construals differed by relationship context. Moreover, the differences were entirely driven by the teacher context; no cultural differences were found with regard to self-construals in the mother context. One implication is that cultural self-construals are better seen as combined instances of socially situated selves than as stable traits.

Aristotelian Casuistry: Getting into the Thick of Global Media Ethics

I argue that much moral disagreement between cultures centers on what metaethicists call “thick concepts,” such as cruelty and courage. The main question I will address is “What are the advantages of combining virtue ethics with casuistry for addressing thick concepts central to media ethics disagreements between cultures?” A related secondary question is “How does this framework compare with ‘global media ethics’ approaches that prioritize thin concepts, such as ‘right’ and ‘ought?’” I will argue that the virtue/casuistry combination: (a) preserves the contexts that give thick ethical concepts their meaning; (b) conceives of moral agents as situated selves and confirms the value of moral expertise; and (c) presses for closure while resisting codification.