Site Creators Research Articles

Assessment of the Readability and Quality of Online Information for Patients and Their Families Regarding Schizophrenia.

To our knowledge, this is the first study that specifically aims to assess the readability and quality of online information about schizophrenia. The analysis is performed on 93 of 195 websites that appeared in an advanced Google search of the term "schizophrenia" performed on a single day. The websites were categorized as commercial, nonprofit, professional, and government. The websites were evaluated using the Health on the Net Foundation (HON) code certificate, DISCERN tool, and Journal of the American Medical Association ( JAMA ) benchmark criteria for quality and the Flesch Reading Ease Formula, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) Formula, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, and Gunning Fog indices for readability. A total of 21.5% of all websites had a HON code certificate, 50.5% were accepted as high quality ( JAMA score ≥3), and 25.8% reached the recommended readability level (FKGL ≤8). Only three websites scored at a fifth- to sixth-grade reading level. Commercial and government websites had significantly lower DISCERN scores. Commercial websites had significantly lower Flesch Reading Ease Score and FKGL score than nonprofit websites. In conclusion, the current findings indicate that the quality of online information on schizophrenia is generally acceptable, but the readability is insufficient. Website creators, physicians, and health authorities should be more sensitive to the readability of online information about schizophrenia, considering the poor cognitive capacity of the patients and the unique nature of the disease.

Imagining permanence on the web: Tracing the meanings of long-term preservation among the subjects of web archives

This article explores how web archiving impacts the online communication practices of individuals whose personal websites have been archived by major public libraries. Drawing on interviews with website creators and analysis of their written reflections on the archiving process, it demonstrates how web archiving alters the meanings people attach to their online activity. In most cases, the preservation of their website in a national web archive sees individuals perceive their communication practices as having wider cultural and historical significance. These meanings are shaped by the distinctive interaction between archiving and archived actors and propelled by imaginaries surrounding the culture and history of the collecting institution. Based on these findings, this article argues that web archiving can be productively understood as an intervention in the dynamics of online sociality and calls for reflexive archival and research practices that attend to the short- and long-term impacts of altering the visibility of online material.

What Our Patients and Their Families Are Reading: Quality and Readability of Internet Information About Electroconvulsive Therapy.

The Internet is now more widely used than before by psychiatric patients and their families to search for medical conditions and treatments. To our knowledge, no study has addressed the quality and readability of online information about electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). We aimed to examine the quality and readability of English-language Internet information related to ECT. An advanced search of Internet Web sites containing information about ECT was conducted by using the search term "ECT or electroconvulsive therapy." The resulting Web sites were categorized into 1 of 3 categories (commercial, nonprofit, or professional organizations). Their quality was evaluated using Health on the Net code certification, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and the DISCERN tool. The readability of the Web sites was assessed using the Flesch Reading Ease, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Formula, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook, and Gunning Fog indexes. A total of 86 Web sites were included in the analysis. Of all these Web sites, 18 (20.9%) had a Health on the Net code certificate, and 16 (18.6%) were accepted as high quality (JAMA total score ≥3). The commercial Web sites had significantly lower DISCERN and JAMA benchmark scores compared with the other Web sites. A total of 30.23% of all the Web sites reached the recommended readability level (Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Formula ≤ 8). Moreover, only 4 scored at the grade 5 to 6 reading level, which is considered ideal for patient educational materials. Our study indicates that both the quality and readability of online information about ECT are not at the desired level. Physicians, patients, and their families should consider this failure in relation to online information about ECT. In addition, Web site creators and health authorities should be aware of their responsibilities for providing quality and readable health information to the public.

Web accessibility of Indian cultural heritage information: an analytical study of museum websites

PurposeThis paper compares the web accessibility of Indian museum websites assessing the level of compliance to the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.1 (WCAG 2.1). The study aims to assess the accessibility of Indian museum websites in terms of their severity.Design/methodology/approachThe accessibility evaluation of 11 Indian museum websites was conducted using Siteimprove Accessibility Checker (SAC), an automated website testing tool.FindingsThe study results indicate that the mean conformance score for the Indian museum websites for level A was 19.27, while for level AA and AAA, it came out to be 2.63 and 4.09, respectively, with the highest severity scores for error (16.3) followed by review (5.81) criteria and warning (3.81). The major findings indicate that the websites of Indian museums poorly conform to web accessibility guidelines.Practical implicationsThe study's findings will assist the museum's website creators, managers and administrators in determining the level of conformity as per standard accessibility guidelines helping them make strategic decisions to improve the accessibility.Originality/valueMost of the studies available in the field of website accessibility range from the web accessibility of educational institutions, tourism websites, municipal websites and ministerial websites, but there are very few studies investigating the accessibility of museum websites. A quantitative evaluation of different aspects of accessibility was conducted in the study, which can pave the way for the better design of web sites by addressing deficiencies.

Segmentation, Surveillance, and Automation: Practical and Ethical Considerations for Attracting, Sustaining, and Monetizing Audience Attention Online

Through a case study of a popular food and recipe blog (Pinchofyum.com), this article details how two content creators practicing an advertising-based business model built a loyal audience and profitable business. A content analysis of the income reports published by the site's creators found that their advertising-based business model incentivized them to (a) segment their audience, (b) surveil their audience, and (c) automate interactions with their audience. This incentive structure led the content creators to employ an inconsistent and often problematic persona of their intended audience as they aimed to scale their ability to build trust with a rapidly growing audience. These findings provide guidance for aspiring online entrepreneurs and technical communicators desiring to understand the implications of distributing their content on platforms funded through advertising.

Quality and content evaluation of websites with information about immune checkpoint inhibitors: An environmental scan.

BackgroundTrustworthy educational information for patients is critical for increasing their knowledge base and preparing them for shared decision making with clinicians. As the internet has become an important source of health information for many patients, the purpose of this study was to assess the quality and content of websites with educational content about immune checkpoint inhibitors.MethodsWe performed an environmental scan of the currently available websites providing educational information for patients about immune checkpoint inhibitors. We used three search engines: Google, Bing, and Yahoo! (9/20/2021). Two independent investigators selected relevant uniform resource locators (URLs), appraised the quality of the websites, and collected their characteristics. We evaluated the accuracy, completeness, technical elements, design and aesthetics, readability, usability, and accessibility of the websites. The user experience was also evaluated.ResultsWe identified 37 websites for analysis. In 10 websites (27%), it was not possible to know the source of the information provided. Thirty-three (89%) provided a definition with a simple explanation of cancer and treatment and 30 (81%) on complications of immune checkpoint inhibitors; only seven (19%) provided information about the balance between risks and benefits. Thirty-five (95%) provided a statement of purpose. Regarding the design, all 37 (100%) had appropriate visual aspects, typography, and grammar. Thirty-six (97%) were well organized. For most of the websites (n = 35, 95%) the content was easy to find. Only two websites had a readability score of 6, while the others had higher scores. Regarding the user experience, the overall quality of websites was rated as excellent in 16 (43%), good in 14 (38%), and fair in 7 (19%).ConclusionsOur findings reveal that websites with information about immune checkpoint inhibitors mostly have general information about cancer, the treatments, and adverse events. Few websites provide information about the balance between harms and benefits of treatment, costs, the source of the information, or the hierarchy of evidence. These findings identify the gap in the quality and content of websites for patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors and can help website creators and developers.

Measuring Online Sensory Consumer Experience: Introducing the Online Sensory Marketing Index (OSMI) as a Structural Modeling Approach

We present a novel quantitative approach to assessing sensory components on e-commerce websites. The Online Sensory Marketing Index (OSMI) provides a valuable measure of the sensory output exhibited by text, images, and other media. The OSMI enables website creators and marketers to communicate about sensory marketing elements and related components. Accordingly, websites could be designed to achieve better sensory appeal and mitigate weaknesses. Our index allows for the creation of sensory templates for various industries. Utilizing a field study of 16 websites in the tech, automotive, fashion, and food industries, we present sensory measures for websites’ acoustical and visionary elements that are easy to comprehend. Additionally, we introduce a score to quantify haptic, olfactory, and gustatory components to assess the online sensory consumer experience. We conclude and propose weighting offline and online sensory parameters per industry. Accordingly, we study quantitative parameters for online sensory overload and deprivation. Our assessment offers a comfortable determination of websites’ OSMI.

The Exploration of the Main Commercialization Modes of Online News Communication

In the article discussed the mechanism of the process of commercialization of media products and the information model of the internet media as the main element of commercialization is very complex by nature of the news segment of the Internet Media: article technical, form legal, purpose socio-economic. Each of its components is considered to develop a serious supply of information (information-technological, information-analytical), which is the basis of the process of commercialization of media systems. Today, the Internet is a rapidly developing type of media, as well as information and advertising sources. It is also necessary that the company that wants to use Internet opportunities effectively exists in the global network. This also sets new requirements for website creators. The wide use of the internet as a data transmission channel in the implementation of projects makes it possible to reduce the financial costs of the company. Already, the Website is an open resource for residents of the whole world.

Restaurant Review Analysis using NLP

Because starting a business, such as a restaurant, is not easy. Reading all of the evaluations and comparing input to other restaurants becomes challenging and time consuming for a restaurant owner. As a result of this analysis, it is an important factor to consider when making a dining selection. This paper provides an efficient restaurant review prediction model to predict the review for the restaurant based on a certain collection of client reviews. Restaurant reviews are labelled as 0 or 1, with 0 denoting a negative review and 1 denoting a positive one. The findings of this study could be employed as a long-term marketing strategy for review website creators, allowing customers to sort and filter useful reviews based on their preferences.

Factors Associated With Perceived Trust of False Abortion Websites: Cross-sectional Online Survey.

BackgroundMost patients use the internet to search for health information. While there is a vast repository of searchable information online, much of the content is unregulated and therefore potentially incorrect, conflicting, or confusing. Abortion information online is particularly prone to being inaccurate as antichoice websites publish purposefully misleading information in formats that appear as neutral resources. To understand how antichoice websites appear neutral, we need to understand the specific website features of antichoice websites that impart an impression of trustworthiness.ObjectiveWe sought to identify the characteristics of false or misleading abortion websites that make these websites appear trustworthy to the public.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study using Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform. We used validated questionnaires to ask participants to rate 11 antichoice websites and one neutral website identified by experts, focusing on website content, creators, and design. We collected sociodemographic data and participant views on abortion. We used a composite measure of “mean overall trust” as our primary outcome. Using correlation matrices, we determined which website characteristics were most associated with mean overall trust. Finally, we used linear regression to identify participant characteristics associated with overall trust.ResultsOur analytic sample included 498 participants aged from 22 to 70 years, and 50.1% (247/493) identified as female. Across 11 antichoice websites, creator confidence (“I believe that the creators of this website are honest and trustworthy”) had the highest correlation coefficient (strongest relationship) with mean overall trust (coefficient=0.70). Professional appearance (coefficient=0.59), look and feel (coefficient=0.59), perception that the information is created by experts (coefficient=0.59), association with a trustworthy organization (coefficient=0.58), valued features and functionalities (coefficient=0.54), and interactive capabilities (coefficient=0.52) all demonstrated strong relationships with mean overall trust. At the individual level, prochoice leaning was associated with higher overall trust of the neutral website (B=−0.43, 95% CI −0.87 to 0.01) and lower mean overall trust of the antichoice websites (B=0.52, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.99).ConclusionsThe mean overall trust of antichoice websites is most associated with design characteristics and perceived trustworthiness of website creators. Those who believe that access to abortion should be limited are more likely to have higher mean overall trust for antichoice websites.

Leveling up: A Checklist Comparison of Pennsylvania Public Libraries’ Web Presence in 2010 and 2018

In a technology-driven world, libraries must have quality ­websites that deliver meaningful information in a structured way. Measuring the ease of access to information through website evaluation studies can help site creators assess the efficacy of presented information. This study, performed in 2018, recognizes the importance of maintaining quality ­websites for successful communication of information to the public. It replicates Powers’s 2010 content analysis of Pennsylvania public libraries’ websites. The author employs Powers’s evaluation checklist and seeks to discover how current levels of web presence for Pennsylvania public libraries ­compare with the results of Powers’s original study. A sufficient number of websites were reviewed to allow for generalizability to all Pennsylvania public libraries. This study finds that public libraries’ web presence in Pennsylvania has increased since Powers evaluated websites in 2010, in terms of the range of available information. In addition, the 2018 results show which website development areas public libraries must improve in to maintain relevance.

Improving accessibility of CMS-based websites using automated methods

New methods of identifying and fixing accessibility issues on websites are presented in this article. The websites taken into consideration by the research are created with content management systems (like WordPress or Joomla!). Our main goal was to develop different methods to improve accessibility that may be used by various user groups (website creators, operators, content editors). Some of our methods are easy to use, some need more proficiency. The three methods we have developed (CSS/SCSS class override, MVC-based extension override, HTML output override) are described in detail. The use of an already existing method (Data entry checking) is also introduced, as well as some development options of this method. Each method is introduced in general, furthermore an example of their usage is also presented. Using the proposed methods, websites can fulfil the recommendations of the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) in order to make the content of the websites more accessible.

NEW E-LEARNING TOOL FOR FEMALE GENITAL SCHISTOSOMIASIS: A SUPPLEMENT TO THE WHO POCKET ATLAS OF FGS

BackgroundSchistosomiasis affects 261 million people worldwide, most of them in Africa. Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS) may cause abnormal vaginal discharge, contact bleeding, genital tumours, infertility, ectopic pregnancies and increased susceptibility...

A comparative analysis of Greek universities' presence on the World Wide Web using an analytical MCDM methodology

Greek universities are currently in a transition state, as a new bill has been voted by the parliament trying to focus on lasting problems tormenting Greek higher level education; the implementation of the new law creating a strong reaction from part of the academic community. What is more, globalisation has increased competition and academia is now called upon to operate in an international environment facing other well established and prestigious institutions. It is in this context that Web 2 technologies widely available today offer a framework that allow academic institutions to increase their extraversion and reach a wider public; wikis, forums and e-learning platforms to name a few of these technologies. This paper attempts to offer a convincing answer to the ability of the Greek universities, operating in an unfavourable environment with many obstacles, to exploit what Web 2 has to offer; to also assess their readiness to integrate the new technologies and face the competition directly. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used for a comparative analysis of the online presence of Greek universities, and the results can prove to be a helpful tool for website creators and academia administration in order to improve their services.

A Space for Mothers: Grief as Identity Construction on Memorial Websites Created by Sids Parents

In this article we conduct a textual analysis of memorial websites created by mothers who have experienced a loss due to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Using an online Internet ethnographic approach, we reviewed a series of 20 sites in an attempt to analyze the motivations of the site creators as manifested in their online projects. We spent time on the sites, moving through all facets of them, following links, and experiencing them the way a visitor would encounter them. In this virtual exploration we uncovered personal narratives, community building, religious imagery, and numerous examples of social networking. We also analyzed guest books in order to understand who visits these sites and their reasons for doing so. We conclude that development of these sites are a process that helps some mothers in their grief and gives them a focus and activity that is helpful and perhaps healing. More importantly perhaps is the potential for community building and networking that this type of activity allows. As an extension of a real-world memorial such as a gravesite, a virtual mourning space provides more in the way of these types of communications. Our work suggests that memorial websites constructed by SIDS parents help in meaning and identity reconstruction after loss.

Sourcing the crowd for health services improvement: The reflexive patient and “share-your-experience” websites

In countries where the notion of “reflexive patients” dominates the health policy landscape, patients are increasingly encouraged to publicize their personal experiences with health services provision by reviewing hospitals and professionals on the web. The number of websites where patients can review one or more aspects of their care (and read reviews posted by others) is growing. These sites are an example of the practice of crowdsourcing, where applications that facilitate user-generated content solicit feedback from a given public; site administrators then use this feedback for product development, quality improvement and policy change. The research presented here examines such developments in the context of ongoing discussions about reflexive consumerism and increased transparency in healthcare. It draws on data from a three-year study of share-your-experience sites in the US, UK, and the Netherlands. Data is taken primarily from a discourse analysis of four of the six sites under study, including patient reviews of institutions and professionals ( n = 450). Supplementary data from interviews with stakeholders related to the Dutch sites ( n = 15) is also used. This is the first known study of multiple share-your-experience websites in different countries. It shows that monitoring as “reflexive” behavior is not automatic, but is encouraged by website creators who, hoping to use the posts for other purposes, act as mediators between patients and other healthcare stakeholders. It further argues that patients demonstrate more reflexivity than some stakeholders realize, although not necessarily in the way that Giddens proposed. It concludes with the argument that the focus on reflexivity in healthcare means that not only institutions must be more transparent about their performance; patients are expected to be more transparent about their choices, as well.

Create the perfect president with WikiCandidate

Website's creators hope that their experiment is more that a bit of fun and that issues will emerge that put pressure on the real candidates

Public life and the internet: if you build a better website, will citizens become engaged?

This study links uses and gratifications theory to a theory that addresses civic engagement and then applies it to create an electronic public sphere designed to encourage citizens to participate in civic life. An experimental website on the topic of the state budget was created and tested to assure maximum usability by citizens. It found that the site designed to conform to users' wants and needs in content, navigation and appearance did indeed foster positive attitudes toward civic engagement. Participants who saw the usable site were significantly more likely to have positive attitudes toward civic engagement than those who saw a site not designed for usability. The site features under the control of website creators, such as story content and site appearance, showed strong correlations with civic engagement attitudes.

Technology for Technology's Sake

USING NEW electronic technologies in education continues to provide the structural support needed in order to bring meaning to core subject areas. Integrating these new technologies into the classroom and allowing students to explore them can provide young people with a roadmap to the future. But what about technology education itself? As teachers introduce design and problem-solving activities, students learn the range of possibilities that can flourish in the field of engineering. The following websites give just a glimpse of the kind of hands-on teaching that uses technology to teach about technology. http://quest.arc.nasa.gov NASA Quest is a website that sponsors a teachers' guide that provides accurate information about rocket technology. This website offers activities in math, science, and technology, including an in-depth glossary and links to other NASA resources. For fall 2006, NASA Quest is featuring a Lunar Research Station Design Challenge that asks students in grades 5 through 8 to design and build a model Earth-based research station to support living adaptively and working efficiently on the Moon. http://library.thinkquest.org/C002942/home.shtml This site was created in 2000 as an entry in Oracle's ThinkQuest. It represents the efforts of a pair of students from Bulgaria and their coach and showcases the most significant inventions in history. Your students can now research inventions of the past and trace their progress into the present. Some of the most interesting information concerns the site's creators. But their work isn't perfect, and the students are aware of that fact and solicit feedback from users. www.pbs.org/wgbh/buildingbig The Public Broadcasting Service provides an interactive learning laboratory for technology education students. This resource provides a hands-on environment where students are given the opportunity to take part in the construction of virtual bridges, skyscrapers, domes, and other structures. http://edheads.org/index.htm Edheads is sponsored by the Martha Holden Jennings Foundation. The goal of the site is to provide a simple approach to understanding difficult concepts, and the lessons offered coincide with national and state standards of learning. Edheads offers hands-on experience that enables educators to integrate technology into the classroom. And hip surgery has never been so much fun. www.iteaconnect.org Serving as the largest technology education association, ITEA provides a bottomless glass of technology resources. …

The Flint Sit-Down Strike Audio Gallery, http://www.historicalvoices.org/flint/. Designed and hosted by Matrix at Michigan State University. Audiovisual content provided by the University of Michigan-Flint and the Walter P. Reuther Library, Detroit, Mich. Reviewed March 1-20, 2006

On December 30, 1936, General Motors (gm) workers in Flint, Michigan, sat down at their jobs. They stayed in the plants until a settlement was reached on February 11, 1937. The forty-four day strike was a victory for the United Auto Workers (uaw), a new industrial union that won the right to organize and represent employees of the largest auto company and one of the largest private employers in the United States. The gm sit-down strike had enormous significance for the history of labor, business, and the state. It also marked a turning point in uaw history and the history of working people in modern America. This Web site is part of Historical Voices, an online digital library of twentieth-century American spoken word collections. The Flint Sit-Down Strike site is more an electronic essay than an archive of interviews. The site's creators digitized the tapes of a quarter of the more than two hundred interviews conducted between 1978 and 1984 with people who were involved with the strike. Several interactive formats allow the viewer to hear excerpts from those interviews. Three “audio essays” consider the strike's organization, the strike itself, and its aftermath on pages that provide historical narrative and analysis interspersed with audio clips of interviews with participants and observers. The clips launch from text links of the interviewees' names and appear in a pop-up window where the clip streams and the text of the clip and a note identifying the speaker and the date of the interview appear. The interview excerpts vary in length from thirty seconds to ten minutes. In all, one hundred audio clips from interviews with fifty people are accessible on the site. Other interactive formats on the site include a timeline, a strike map, and three slide shows.