Sister Article Research Articles

Speaking of dialogue: Ymddiddan Myrddin a Thaliesin reconsidered

abstract: The first poem in the Black Book of Carmarthen (NLW Peniarth MS 1) is known as Ymddiddan Myrddin a Thaliesin 'The dialogue between Merlin and Taliesin'; YMTh), a title which appears neither in the manuscript nor in later medieval copies of the poem. Nevertheless, YMTh is consistently treated as a dialogue poem and is frequently invoked as exemplifying the genre of medieval Welsh dialogue poetry. Resting on an analysis of that poetry presented in a sister article, this paper re-evaluates YMTh and argues that it is not a dialogue poem at all. The rubrication of YMTh in the manuscript gives the work the façade of a dialogue which, once dismantled, reveals the text to be a composite comprised of two distinct poems. These are edited separately at the end of the paper, following a diplomatic text. Neither poem was a dialogue, but the naming of Myrddin and Taliesin in the final lines of the second either inspired the conversion of the composite text into a dialogue or reinforced the belief that it was one, probably under the influence of the conversation between these characters in the Vita Merlini . The evidence of a composite poem converted into an ymryson in the Hendregadredd Manuscript (NLW MS 6680B) supports the argument presented here, demonstrating that this type of scribal editorial activity is not unique to YMTh. The later copies and afterlife of YMTh are briefly discussed in an .

Discussing ymddiddan : The dialogue poems of the Black Book of Carmarthen

abstract: The term ymddiddan has been used by editors and scholars to refer to a body of medieval Welsh poetry usually containing or composed of dialogue. This paper begins by addressing the use and misuse of the term, assessing the meaning of ymddiddan and demonstrating how editors' application of the term to titles of poems that are frequently untitled in their manuscript context has shaped perceptions of a genre of medieval Welsh dialogue poetry. Arguments about the performance of ymddiddanau made in connection with evidence from prose tales such as Owein are also considered. The rest of the paper seeks to reach an understanding of the nature of medieval Welsh dialogue poetry by analyzing the poems themselves. For this, the Black Book of Carmarthen (NLW Peniarth MS 1) is used to provide parameters for investigation. Not only do the poems in this manuscript have a concrete historical connection, but the high proportion of them that have been designated as ymddiddan means that the Black Book scribe's idiosyncrasies and editorial decisions may have impacted our understanding of the corpus. With the form and features of dialogue poems clarified, the issue of a genre is re-evaluated. The results of this study form the basis of a sister article, in which the most famous Welsh dialogue poem, Ymddiddan Myrddin a Thaliesin , is tested against the definition of dialogue poetry established here.

Beyond intersubjectivity in olfactory psychophysics I: Troubles with the Subject.

This article provides an experience-oriented relational account that goes beyond a human control of the world. Rather than working with the notion of intersubjectivity (commonly evoked in sensory STS, and still conserving the subject/object opposition), the article reports on how the sense of smell affords a rethinking of our relationship with the world. It does so by challenging the assumption of olfactory ineffability as it turns to a place whose inhabitants speak about smell as a part of their everyday affairs: a laboratory of olfactory psychophysics. There, we attend to a multimodal, embodied language that participates in preparing, running and analyzing scientific experiments. While Western languages are short on specialized vocabulary for expressing olfactory qualities and it feels difficult to talk about smell, laboratory events manifest smell language in its enmeshing with the sensory realm and the world. Noticing these ties destabilizes the idea of agential subject, highlighting instead our pre-intentional sensibility, in its connection with the world. A sister article on 'troubles with the Object' (Alač, 2020) continues to argue that the notion of intersubjectivity is overly narrow, highlighting our immersion in the world (rather than assuming our dominance of it).

Allocating the resource of dialysis: access and adequate provision

In this the sister article to the theoretical paper regarding resource allocation, Peter Ellis will apply the ethical principles discussed in the first paper to the allocation of dialysis resources. The two papers should be read together, as the first piece sets the scene and this second one applies the principles to a real world kidney care ethical issue.

Constitutive Models in Simulating Low-Cycle Fatigue and Ratcheting Responses of Elbow

As stated in the sister article that the objective of this study was to explore the low-cycle fatigue and ratcheting failure responses of elbow components through experimental and analytical studies. Low-cycle fatigue and ratcheting damage accumulation in piping components may occur under load reversals induced by earthquakes or thermomechanical operations. Ratcheting damage accumulation can cause failure of components through cracking or plastic buckling. Hence, design by analysis of piping components against ratcheting failure will require simulation of this response with reasonable accuracy. In developing a constitutive model that can simulate ratcheting responses of piping components, a systematic set of elbow experiments involving deformation and strain ratcheting were conducted and reported in the sister article. This article will critically evaluate seven different constitutive models against their elbow response simulation capabilities. The widely used bilinear, multilinear, and Chaboche models in ansys are first evaluated. This is followed by evaluation of the modified Chaboche, Ohno–Wang, modified Ohno–Wang, and Abdel Karim–Ohno models. Results from this simulation study are presented to demonstrate that all the seven models can simulate the elbow force response reasonably. The bilinear and multilinear models can simulate the initial elbow diameter change or strain accumulation, but always simulate shakedown during the subsequent cycles when for some of the cases the experimental trends are ratcheting. Advanced constitutive models like Chaboche, modified Chaboche, Ohno–Wang, modified Ohno–Wang, and Abdel Karim–Ohno can simulate many of the elbow ratcheting responses well, but for some of the strain responses, these models simulate negative ratcheting, which is opposite to the experimental trend. Finally, implications of negative ratcheting simulation are discussed and suggestions are made for improving constitutive models ratcheting response simulation.

Low-Cycle Fatigue and Ratcheting Responses of Elbow Piping Components

The objective of this study was to investigate low-cycle fatigue and ratcheting responses of elbows through experimental and analytical studies. Low-cycle fatigue and ratcheting damage accumulation in piping components may occur under repeated reversals of loading induced by earthquake and/or thermomechanical operation. Ratcheting and fatigue damage accumulation can cause failure of piping systems through fatigue cracks or plastic buckling. However, the ratcheting damage induced failures are yet to be understood clearly; consequently, ASME Code design provisions against ratcheting failure continue to be a controversial issue over the last two decades. A systematic set of piping component experimental responses involving ratcheting and a computational tool to simulate these responses will be essential to rationally address the issue. Development of a constitutive model for simulating component ratcheting responses remains to be a challenging problem. In order to develop an experimentally validated constitutive model, a set of elbow experiments was conducted. The loading prescribed in the experiments involved displacement-controlled or force-controlled in-plane cyclic bending with or without internal pressure. Force, displacement, internal pressure, elbow diameter change, and strains at four locations of the elbow specimens were recorded. This article presents and discusses the results from the experimental study. A sister article evaluates seven different constitutive models against simulating these elbow ratcheting and fatigue responses.

Deployment of Submarine Power Cables

With the increased interconnection between lands and integration with power generation from offshore renewable energy, more and more submarine power cables are deployed and in operation. This article discusses the deployment aspects of submarine power cables and investigates the physical considerations, installation and operational issues of high-voltage submarine power cables. Typical problems and lessons learned from actual projects are highlighted. This article builds the discussions on a sister article by the author on ‘Power Cables and Submarine Power Cables’ focusing on the design and technical aspects surrounding submarine power cables. Unless otherwise indicated, the discussion in this article focuses on the transmission level, that is, 110 kV (in the mainland Europe) or 132 kV/275 kV in (Great Britain) and above, for both AC and DC applications. However, the content of this article should largely be valid for lower voltage power cables as well.

The Effects of High Intensity Short Rest Resistance Exercise on Muscle Damage Markers in Men and Women

Within and between sexes, universal load prescription (as assigned in extreme conditioning programs) creates extreme ranges in individual training intensities. Exercise intensity has been proposed to be the main factor determining the degree of muscle damage. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine markers of muscle damage in resistance-trained men (n = 9) and women (n = 9) from a high intensity (HI) short rest (SR) (HI/SR) resistance exercise protocol. The HI/SR consisted of a descending pyramid scheme starting at 10 repetitions, decreasing 1 repetition per set for the back squat, bench press, and deadlift, as fast as possible. Blood was drawn pre-exercise (pre), immediately postexercise (IP), 15 minutes postexercise (+15), 60 minutes postexercise (+60), and 24 hours postexercise (+24). Women demonstrated significant increases in interleukin 6 (IL-6; IP), creatine kinase (CK; +24), myoglobin (IP, +15, +60), and a greater relative increase when compared with men (+15, +60). Men demonstrated significant increases in myoglobin (IP, +15, +60, +24), IL-6 (IP, +15), CK (IP, +60, +24), and testosterone (IP, +15). There were significant sex interactions observed in CK (IP, +60, +24) and testosterone (IP, +15, +60, +24). Women completed the protocol faster (women: 34:04 ± 9:40 minutes, men: 39:22 ± 14:43 minutes), and at a slightly higher intensity (women: 70.1 ± 3.5%, men 68.8 ± 3.1%); however, men performed significantly more work (men: 14384.6 ± 1854.5 kg, women: 8774.7 ± 1612.7 kg). Overall, women demonstrated a faster inflammatory response with increased acute damage, whereas men demonstrated a greater prolonged damage response. Therefore, strength and conditioning professionals need to be aware of the level of stress imposed on individuals when creating such volitional high intensity metabolic type workouts and allow for adequate progression and recovery from such workouts.

Trigeminocardiac reflex in neurosurgical practice: Report of two new cases

Background:Systemic hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmia especially bradycardia, apnea, and gastric hypermotility occurring presumably after stimulation of any of the sensory branches of trigeminal nerve are coined as trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR). Neither enough is known about the predisposing factors in relation with the intraoperative occurrence of this life threatening reflex, nor about the exact pathophysiology of its brain stem pathway.Encountering two cases of bradycardia and hypotension during surgery encouraged the authors to: (1) report these two cases and review similar reports in the relevant literature, (2) discuss the suggested mechanisms for such an event, and (3) report the result of a prospective cohort of precisely checked cases in a sister article, to remind the younger neurosurgical community of a possible and bothering even mortal, but avoidable complication in their everyday practice.Case Description:The first case was a 71-year-old male who developed bradycardia and hypotension while packing his large sella tursica with autologous fat after removing a large nonfunctional pituitary adenoma transsphenoidally to prevent cerebrospinal fluid leakage. The changes in his vital signs were detected and controlled rapidly.The second case was a 52-year-old female who underwent right pterional craniotomy for right clinoidal meningioma. She developed severe bradycardia and hypotension after skin closure completed and just when the subgaleal drain was connected to the aspirating bag and negative pressure maintained in the subgaleal region.Both cases could be managed successfully after on time detection of such life threatening complication and proper management.Conclusion:We do not intend only to add two new cases of TCR occurring in the perioperative period in neurosurgical practice, but we wish to raise the question: (a) what could be the predisposing factors for development of such issue for better handling of the problem and (b) stress upon careful continuous mapping of the vital signs during surgery and even till very late after operation.

Interview with Laura Fortunato, Winner of the 2011 Gabriel W. Lasker Prize

Interview with Laura Fortunato, Winner of the 2011 Gabriel W. Lasker Prize Evelyne Heyer Keywords Indo-European Societies, Residence Strategies, Marriage Strategies An international jury composed of Michael Crawford (University of Kansas, USA), Dennis O’Rourke (University of Utah, USA), and Stephen Shennan (University College London, UK) has awarded the Gabriel Ward Lasker Prize 2011 to Dr. Laura Fortunato for her articles entitled “Reconstructing the History of Residence Strategies in Indo-European–Speaking Societies” and “Reconstructing the History of Marriage Strategies in Indo-European–Speaking Societies” considered as the best contribution to the 83rd volume of Human Biology (2011). Laura Fortunato is an Omidyar Fellow at the Santa Fe Institute in Santa Fe, New Mexico. She received her Ph.D. in anthropology from University College London in 2009; her doctoral research focused on the evolution of kinship and marriage systems (Fortunato 2009). In particular, she has investigated the evolution of marriage strategies (Fortunato and Archetti 2010; Fortunato 2011a), wealth transfers at marriage (Fortunato et al. 2006; Fortunato and Mace 2009), residence strategies (Fortunato and Jordan 2010; Fortunato 2011b), and inheritance strategies (Fortunato, in review). Laura’s current research activities apply conceptual and methodological tools developed in evolutionary biology to a diverse range of topics in anthropology, from matrilineal kinship organization to cultural evolution. Evelyne Heyer: Dear Dr. Fortunato, we are pleased that the Gabriel Ward Lasker award for the best article in the 2011 volume of Human Biology is attributed to you for the article “Reconstructing the History of Marriage Strategies in Indo-European-Speaking Societies: Monogamy and Polygyny” (Fortunato 2011a). This paper was published together with a sister article, having very similar methods and aims, titled “Reconstructing the History of Residence Strategies in Indo-European-Speaking Societies: Neo-, Uxori-, and Virilocality” (Fortunato 2011b), and they both perfectly match the editorial focus of the journal. Would you mind summarizing the research question you address, the methodology you adopt as well as the major results? [End Page 227] Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. Dr. Laura Fortunato (photo courtesy by Kate Russell Photography). Laura Fortunato Thank you, I am delighted at the award! The two papers aim to reconstruct past modes of social organization for societies speaking Indo-European (IE) languages. The focus is on marriage and residence strategies. Marriage strategies specify how many spouses an individual may be married to at any one time: the analysis looks at monogamy (marriage allowed to only one spouse at any one time) and polygyny (marriage allowed to multiple wives simultaneously). Residence strategies regulate the pattern of sex-biased dispersal of individuals at marriage: the analysis looks at neolocality (residence of the married couple apart from the kin of either spouse), uxorilocality (residence of the married couple with or near the wife’s kin), and virilocality (residence of the married couple with or near the husband’s kin). Methodologically, the papers use ancestral state reconstruction, within a phylogenetic framework, applied to cross-cultural data (Fortunato 2011c; see Fortunato 2008 for a nontechnical introduction to the approach). The analyses reconstruct early IE society as practicing monogamy and prevailing virilocality with alternative neolocality. Overall, the results are largely consistent with previous inferences from linguistic and ethnographic data; however, as I discuss extensively in the papers, previous work is beset by substantial methodological flaws and bias in interpretation. I like to think that my results provide an independent line of evidence against which to evaluate previous inferences about early IE social structure. EH For those readers willing to better review such research questions, is there any article you would recommend reading? [End Page 228] LF Your recent review paper “Sex-Specific Demographic Behaviours That Shape Human Genomic Variation” (Heyer et al. 2012) provides an interesting complementary perspective, with its focus on the genetic side of the story. EH You find that both Proto-Indo-Hittite and Proto-Indo-European had monogamous habits and were neo-/virilocal. Do you think these patterns of social organization arose because of the emergence of agriculture? LF Together with previous analyses (Fortunato et al. 2006; Fortunato and Mace 2009), the reconstructions of early IE social organization in the two papers point to a society practicing monogamy, virilocality with neolocality...

Enlivening analysis through performance: ‘Practising set theory’

This is a sister article to one that appeared in this journal in 1999, which established benefits in coupling instrumental study and voice-leading analysis, primarily for performers but also for analysts. That analytical students too were more receptive to study when connected with their instrument was the cue for the present article; performance has much to offer the teaching/learning of non-tonal analytical techniques founded on the basic tenets of set theory. This article details an experimental curriculum, ‘Practising set theory’, tested at Lancaster University across 2001–2, in comparison with more traditional methods employed across 1995–2002, and in relation to the new ‘Music benchmark statement’ (2002). Beyond the specifics, it is hoped this research may interest other practitioners seeking alternative pedagogical approaches to parts of the Music curriculum perceived as difficult or especially demanding.