Sinus Venosus-type Atrial Septal Defect Research Articles

P269 AORTA–RIGHT ATRIAL TUNNEL POST TRICUSPID ANNULOPLASTY

Abstract Background Aorta–right atrial tunnel is a rare entity characterized by a iatrogenic vascular fistula, which connects aortic root and right atrium. It is frequently associated with congestive heart failure (HF). Case A 54 y female with an history of atrial septal defect (ASD) type ostium secundum closure and a recent mitral and tricuspid annuloplasty surgery, presents to the hospital with significant decrease in exercise tolerance and progressive shortness of breath. At the presentation, physical examination was significant for tachycardia, continuous murmur over precordium and lower extremity edema. ECG showed right ventricular pressure overload with repolarization abnormality. TTE showed moderate systolic flattening of the septum and dilated right sections. Non coronary cusp of aortic valve demonstrated a perforation extending to the right atrium (RA). ETE confirmed the connection between non–coronary aortic cusp and RA, furthermore revealed unkown sinus venosus type ASD. TC angiography showed a marked dilation of the pulmonary artery trunk (egg and banana sign) and a connection between aorta and RA. She was treated with surgical closure of aorta– right atrial tunnel and ASD through detached and pledget stitch closure. Follow–up reveals significant functional recovery of shortness of breath and exercise tolerance. Discussion Aorta– right atrial tunnel is a rare entity characterized by a vascular fistula, which connects one of the sinuses of Valsalva and the RA. It is a rare complication of tricuspid plastic surgery. It is classified according to its relation to the aorta to anterior or posterior. The clinical presentation ranges from asymptomatic continuous murmur to the symptoms of right sided HF. In our case, the presence of ASD accelereted and worsened the manifestations of right HF. It is usually diagnosed by TTE or ETE, TC angiography and aortography. The treatment of this condition is important even in asymptomatic cases due to the risk of aortic valve dysfunction, likely regurgitation, congestive right sided HF followed by left sided HF, calcification, infective endocarditis, aneurysmal dilatation and pulmonary hypertension. Conclusion The possibility of complications of aorta–right atrium fistula necessitates early therapy, even in asymptomatic patients or those with a hemodynamically insignificant shunt. Available treatment is surgical closure. It has a high mortality rate if it is not diagnosed adequately and surgically treated without delay.

Unrecognized Patent Foramen Ovale in Patient With Sinus Venosus-Type Atrial Septal Defect With Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return.

Unrecognized Patent Foramen Ovale in Patient With Sinus Venosus-Type Atrial Septal Defect With Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return.

Minimal Invasive Technique in Atrial Septal Defect Surgery.

BackgroundMedian sternotomy with minimal skin incision (MSWMSI) and modified anterior mini-thoracotomy (MAMT) approach that both are innovative techniques modified from previous documented techniques are important alternative to conventional median sternotomy in atrial septal defect (ASD) repair. Our aim is to explain the details of two performed techniques in our center and explain the results.MethodsTotally 54 children with ASD (20 female and 34 male) were operated with two different techniques i.e. MAMT and MSWMSI in Imam Ali heart surgery center between May 2010 and May 2013. Intra and postoperative variables such as cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross-clamp time, intensive care unit stay time, length of incision, postoperative hematoma and seroma, dehiscence mortality, exploration for postoperative bleeding, neurologic complication, infection and amount of blood transfusion were recorded.ResultsMean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 30 ± 11 min, and mean aortic cross-clamp time was 7 ± 2 min. The mean amount of blood transfusion was 150 ± 39 mL, and the mean chest tube drainage after surgery was 140 ± 57 mL. Superficial skin infection occurred in three patients. Subcutaneous hematoma and seroma were founded in six patients. In 50 cases the defect was secundum type, in two patients it was sinus venosus type, and in two with associated perimembranous ventricular septal defect repair.ConclusionBoth approaches are safe and may be the surgical techniques of choice for secundum ASD repair in all age groups; and we can also utilize these techniques for more complicated kinds of surgery, for instance, sinus venosus type ASD with or without partial anomalous defect.

A Rare Association of Sinus Venosus-Type Atrial Septal Defect and Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Detected by Transthoracic Echocardiography and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Patient: Male, 60Final Diagnosis: Persistent left superior vena cavaSymptoms: —Medication: —Clinical Procedure: Transthoracic echocardiogram and cardiac magnetic resonance imagingSpecialty: CardiologyObjective:Congenital defects/diseasesBackground:Association of persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) and sinus venosus-type atrial septal defect (SVASD) is rare. We describe a patient with dilated coronary sinus (CS) found to have PLSVC and SVASD.Case Report:The patient is a 60-year-old man with history of stroke who underwent a transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) for evaluation of shortness of breath. TTE demonstrated a markedly dilated CS. Agitated saline was injected into the left antecubital vein to further assess CS. The parasternal long axis view demonstrated immediate filling of the CS and confirmed the presence of a PLSVC. Apical 4-chamber view with injection of agitated saline into the right antecubital vein demonstrated immediate contrast opacification of both atria, consistent with a right to left cardiac shunt. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) was performed, which confirmed the TTE findings of PLSVC and defined the cardiac shunt as SVASD.Conclusions:PLSVC should be suspected in a patient with an abnormally dilated CS. In this case we identified a rare association of PLSVC with a SVASD. TTE with agitated saline contrast injection and CMR are useful diagnostic tools for PLSVC and associated cardiac congenital anomalies, respectively.

Experiences in surgical closure of atrial septal defect with anterior mini-thoracotomy approach.

Introduction: Anterior mini-thoracotomy approach is a good alternative to median sternotomy in Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) repair. Our purpose is to explain the details of our technique and peresent the results. Methods: Seventy five patients with ASD (52 female and 23 male) were operated with anterior mini-thoracotomy approach in our tertiary center between March 2012 and March 2014. The mean age was 14±10 ranged from 2 to 42 years. Outcomes were defined according to cardiopulmonary and aortic cross-clump time, intensive care unit stay time, morbidity, mortality, the size of incision, the amount of post-operative bleeding, need for blood transfusion and reoperation. Results: Mean Cardiopulmonary bypass time was 49.62 minutes (26 to 105 minutes) and mean aortic cross clamp time was 22.29±6.77 minutes (11 to 47 minutes). The mean amount of blood transfusion was 47.49± 62.22 mm (0 to 200 cc) and the mean chest tube drainage after surgery was 80.17 ±121.06 mm (0 to 600 cc). One patient re-operated for dehiscence of ASD surgical sutures and there was no reoperation for surgical bleeding or tamponade drainage in these patients. In 74 cases the defect was secundum type, in 2 patients it was sinus venosus type and in one with associated partial Anomalous repair. Conclusion: Anterior thoracotomy approach is safe and may be the surgical technique of choice for secundum ASD repair in all age groups and we can utilize this technique also for more complicated kinds of surgery for instance, sinus venosus type ASD with or without Partial Anomalous Defect.

Use of multi-modality imaging in a patient with a persistent left superior vena cava, partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection, and sinus venosus-type atrial septal defect

A 45-year-old woman with a history of congenital heart disease that was not previously well defined presented with progressive dyspnoea on exertion for 1 year. Three-dimensional (3D) transthoracic (TTE) and transoesophageal (TEE) echocardiography with agitated saline injection (bubble study) were performed. A severely dilated coronary sinus (CS) was visualized measuring 3.5 cm in its largest diameter with a present …

CT appearance of persistent left superior vena cava, anomalous right superior pulmonary venous return into the right-sided superior vena cava and a sinus venosus-type atrial septal defect

We present findings of persistent left superior vena cava, anomalous right superior pulmonary venous return into the right-sided superior vena cava and a sinus venosus-type atrial septal defect detected incidentally by CT pulmonary angiography. To our knowledge, there has been no previous case report with all of the above findings detected by CT. In addition to the radiological findings and their clinical significance, the anatomy and embryological explanation of each anomaly is discussed.

Stroke after surgical treatment of sinus venosus type atrial septal defect: Percutaneous treatment

Background and purpose Sinus venosus-type atrial septal defect can be associated with anomalous drainage of the upper right pulmonary vein into the superior vena cava. Surgical correction provides reconstruction of superior vena cava and rerouting of the pulmonary vein into the left atrium. Summary of case We report the case of a young woman who experienced 2 strokes 11 years after surgical repair of sinus venosus-type atrial septal defect. Conclusions Interventional treatment resolved the superior vena cava stenosis, rerouted the pulmonary vein into the left atrium and abolished the right to left shunt.

Atrial Septal Defect: Anatomoechocardiographic Correlation

This study was undertaken to enhance understanding of the anatomic abnormalities involved in atrial septal defect (ASD) based on the anatomoechocardiographic comparison of equivalent specimens of ASD and the echocardiograms of patients with this anomaly. Of the 72 heart specimens, two had common atrioventricular canal (2.8%) and one had absence of right atrioventricular connection (1.4%). In all, 46 (63.8%) had fossa ovalis type ASD, two (2.8%) had true ostium secundum type ASD, two (2.8%) had ostium primum type ASD, two (2.8%) had superior sinus venosus type ASD, and two (2.8%) had inferior sinus venosus type ASD. One (1.4%) specimen had a coronary venous sinus type ASD and 14 (19.4%) had mixed type ASD. Of the 144 patients evaluated with echocardiography 15 (10.4%) had common atrioventricular canal, one (0.7%) had right absence of atrioventricular connection, 105 (72.9%) had ostium secundum type ASD (fossa ovalis), 10 (7%) had mixed type ASD, 9 (6.2%) had superior venous sinus type ASD, two (1.4%) had ostium primum type ASD, and two (1.4%) had true fossa ovalis type ASD. This series leads us to conclude that the key to successful management of ASD depends on understanding echocardiographic images in terms of anatomic specimens to provide appropriate evaluations for therapeutic decisions and establishment of prognoses.

Right-to-left shunting with normal pulmonary pressure complicating atrial septal defect surgery

We report on a patient in whom a right-to-left shunt with normal pulmonary arterial pressures occurred after surgery of an inferior vena caval sinus venosus-type atrial septal defect. In addition to the inferior vena cava to left atrium anatomic defect, the exceptional occurrence of a post-operative right atrial inflow stenosis contributed to the right-to-left shunting.

Transesophageal echocardiographic diagnosis of sinus venosus-type atrial septal defect associated with partial anomalous venous connections during cardiac surgery in adults

T RANSESOPHAGEAL echocardiography (TEE) is useful for intraoperative monitoring of cardiac function 1,z and for evaluating valve repair. 3 Recently, TEE has been proposed as a useful intraoperative tool improving diagnostic accuracy and assisting in surgical repair of pediatric congenital heart malformations. 4 Its role in the diagnosis of congemtal cardiac malformations in adults has not been widely discussed. The sinus venosus variant of atrial septal defect (SVASD) occurs in up to 20% of adults with an atrial septal defect (ASD) and is the most difficult to Identify. 5 This defect is frequently associated with anomalous connection of the right pulmonary veins to the junction of the right atrium and the superior vena cava. 6 The authors describe two cases of adult cardmc surgery where intraoperative TEE helped to diagnose previously unsuspected SVASD associated with partial anomalous pulmonary venous connections (PAPVC) and discuss how the echocardiography results led to modification of the planned operation.

Long-term follow-up (9 to 20 years) after surgical closure of atrial septal defect at a young age

To assess the long-term cardiac status after surgical closure of an atrial septal defect (ASD) at a young age, 104 of 135 children who consecutively underwent surgery (aged 0 to 14 years) at 1 institution between 1968 and 1980 participated in a follow-up study and underwent a complete cardiologic examination. Mean follow-up was 14.5 ± 2.8 years. Most patients (87%) believed their health to be good or very good. At physical examination, all patients were in good health. Ninety-three patients (89%) were in sinus rhythm. Echocardiography showed that right ventricular dilatation was present in 27 patients (26%), 2 of whom had a residual ASD. Bicycle ergometry revealed that 88 patients (88%) had a normal exercise capacity. Both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias were observed in 67% of patients by 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography, but only 3 (3%) had received antiarrhythmic medication, and 4 (4%) had needed a pacemaker. In the group of patients with right ventricular dilatation, the exercise capacity and prevalence of arrhythmias did not differ significantly from those in the group with a normal sized right ventricle. The outcome in patients with a secundum-type ASD was not different from that of those with a sinus venosus-type ASD. The finding of anatomic, functional or electrophysiologic abnormalities was not associated with a longer duration of follow-up. The findings indicate that the long-term functional cardiac status after surgical closure of an ASD is generally good, irrespective of the presence of anatomic or electrophysiologic sequelae. The future clinical significance of arrhythmias that are asymptomatic, and persisting right ventricular dilatation in this patient group remains to be determined.