Sinus Drainage Research Articles

Intraorbital Trauma with Wooden Foreign Body: Report of An Atypical Surgical Case

Among the various types of injuries that affect the maxillofacial region, perforating objects can result in doubtful prognosis due to the possibility of reaching vessels, nerves, and other key structures, causing hemorrhages, airway obstruction, brain damage and even death. Foreign bodies in the orbital cavity are usually divided into two categories: inorganic and organic. This report intends to present an atypical case of wooden foreign body remotion from the intraorbital area which was performed surgically in a Public Hospital Center in Sergipe, Brazil. Facial injuries should be evaluated with a rigid protocol to provide quality healthcare, thus minimizing problems during the management of the cases. Imaging examinations should not be neglected, so that careful evaluation of the extent of the lesions and presence of foreign objects can be performed. Although CT is regarded as the gold standard, MRI scans are superior to CT in the diagnosis of small pieces of wood. Surgery is the preferred treatment, in which the surgeons should carefully remove all foreign bodies and residual fragments will result in orbital infection. Postoperative sinus drainage and systemic antibiotic treatments are necessary.

Approach to frontal sinus via five frontal sinus drainage pathways.

This study aimed to validate a method for successful frontal sinus surgery. The method classifies the frontal sinus drainage pathway (FSDP) into five categories based on three bony walls of the anterior ethmoid sinus, including the uncinate process (UP), accessory uncinate process (UPa), and basal lamella of the ethmoid bulla (BLEB), which was tested in actual surgical procedures. This study analyzed 53 sides of 48 patients who underwent frontal sinus surgery between October 2022 and March 2023. We classified the FSDPs using preoperative computed tomography (CT) and multiplanar reconstruction (MPR). During surgeries for FSDPs located anterior to the BLEB, we used a two-step method involving resection of the turbinal UP, followed by upward resection from the lower edge of the ethmoidal UP. For FSDPs located posterior to the BLEB, we resected the BLEB at the superior semilunar recess. We confirmed the origin of each of the five types of FSDP during surgery. These origins, which were located at the lowest part of the anterior ethmoid, could be identified in the early stages of ethmoid sinus surgery before proceeding to the frontal recess area. The origins of the five types of FSDP, classified based on the bony walls, can be clearly and accurately identified during surgery. This provides a reliable method for preoperatively predicting and locating the inferior end of the FSDP (origin), without extensive manipulation of the cells formed in the frontal fossa.

A rare case of Anti-Jk3 Alloimmunization

Abstract Introduction/Objective The Kidd blood group system was discovered in 1951 and consists of two antithetical antigens, Jka and Jkb, in addition to a third high-incidence antigen, Jk3. Jk null, also known as Jk(a-b-), is an extremely rare blood group in which all Kidd antigens are absent. Jk is a urea transporter found in the renal medulla, and Jk-deficient individuals are unable to concentrate urine to its maximum concentration. If these individuals are exposed to the Jk antigen via transfusion or pregnancy, they are able to produce antibodies against the Jk3 antigen with a high incidence. Jk3 is expressed in over 99.9% of the blood donor pool, which has severe clinical implications and complicates transfusion. Methods/Case Report CASE PRESENTATION: A 68-year-old male was admitted to the Stanford Medical Center with chronic right midshaft tibia osteomyelitis and a sinus drainage tract for a right tibial diaphysectomy. His test for antibodies was positive. Plasma from the patient is reactive with all tested cells except auto control, AHG in PEG, and solid phase. Phenotyping yielded negative results for Jka and Jkb, suggesting that the antibody is Jk3. Anti-Jk3 was eliminated by adsorption and rendered nonreactive. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion Anti-Jk3 should be suspected in a previously pregnant or transfused patient during antibody screening and identification if it demonstrates the pattern of an antibody reacting to all cells in the panel, i.e., reacting to a high- frequency antigen with negative autocontrol. Awareness on the part of blood bank personnel regarding the variability of the blood group phenotype and the capricious nature of Kidd antibodies may aid in the improved management of these patients. It is recommended that patients with rare antibodies carry an antibody ID card indicating the rare antibody they have to prevent further exposure. A patient may be advised to undergo an autologous transfusion. Fortunately, the patient’s procedures were uncomplicated, so a blood transfusion was unnecessary. Awareness on the part of blood bank staff regarding the variability of the blood group phenotype and the unpredictability of Anti-Jk3 may aid in improving patient care. To prevent further exposure, it is recommended that patients with rare antibodies carry an Antibody ID card indicating the rare antibody they possess.Jk3 antigen blood donors are underrepresented in the general donor pool. It is recommended to develop a systematic recruitment for Jk3 antigen donors.

A CASE REPORT OF RECURRENT FRONTAL MUCOCOELE

Background: Paranasal sinus mucocele is the epithelium lined mucus filled sac causing enlargement of sinus wall. It can cause bone erosion and displacement of surrounding structures. Mucoceles usually occur due to infection, inflammation, trauma, previous surgeries, and tumours which can potentially obstruct the sinus ostium. Cranio facial trauma is the commonest cause for mucocele formation. Case report: A 50yr old male patient came with chief complaints of swelling on forehead since 1yr. The patient had history of road traffic accident 13yrs ago for which he underwent facio-maxillary reconstruction along with right eye evisceration. Later he developed a swelling above right eye after 7yrs, which was diagnosed as mucocele and was treated by frontal cranioplasty. Now he came with complaint of swelling on forehead which was gradually increasing in size. MRI-PNS was done showing fluid filled space extending anteriorly from cutaneous plane in the frontal region going posteriorly over the orbit pushing the contents of the orbit inferiorly and medially and extending posteriorly up to orbital apex. Patient underwent endoscopic mucocele drainage and DRAF 3. Right orbital exenteration was done to prevent recurrence. Patient was on follow up since then and no symptoms or signs of recurrence is noted. Conclusion: Facial trauma may be one of the reasons for development of mucocele where sinus drainage pathways are deranged. As in our case trauma not only led to development of mucocele, but new spaces also created by the treatment lead to extensive spread of the mucocele.

The impact of mitomycin C in endoscopic sinus surgeries: a comprehensive review

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is an inflammation of the nasal and paranasal sinus linings, often resulting in various debilitating symptoms. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a common treatment for CRS, aiming to alleviate symptoms by restoring sinus drainage and mucosal repair. However, postoperative complications, including adhesion formation, remain a concern. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of mitomycin-C (MMC) in reducing postoperative complications, particularly adhesion formation, in patients undergoing ESS. A systematic review of available evidence on the role of MMC in FESS was conducted. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria, and relevant data were extracted and synthesized. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria, encompassing a total of 763 subjects. The majority of studies reported a reduction in postoperative adhesion formation with MMC use, although statistical significance varied. MMC dosages and application methods varied across studies, contributing to heterogeneity in outcomes. Overall, MMC showed promise in reducing adhesion formation and improving surgical outcomes in FESS. However, further high-quality, prospective, randomized controlled trials are warranted to establish optimal dosage, application methods, and long-term efficacy of MMC in FESS for CRS.

Variants in the superior attachment of uncinated process and their corresponding frontal sinus drainage pattern: a computed tomography-based retrospective clinical study

Background: Understanding the morphology and spatial relationships of the uncinate process and its associated spaces is crucial for diagnosing and treating conditions affecting sinus drainage and ventilation. This consistent anatomical structure is an important surgical landmark for endoscopic sinus surgery. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) records of 100 patients over two years were extracted via the hospital's PACS system. The type of superior insertion of uncinate process (UP) was observed in coronal cuts of CT scan images, and classification was done based on the Friedmann and Landsberg classification system and tabulated. The corresponding variations in the frontal sinus outflow tract were noticed, and their effect on frontal sinusitis was recorded. Sinusitis of the frontal sinus was in guidance with EPOS 2020 (mucosal changes within the ostiomeatal complex or sinus). Results: Type 2 was the most common of uncinate attachments (39.5%). The least common variant was type 5 (4%). Medial-type frontal sinus drainage pathway was observed in 78.5% of patients. Sinusitis was present in 23.5% of our study population. Type 2 had a 25% contribution to the occurrence of sinusitis. The medial frontal sinus drainage pathway contributes 24% to sinusitis with a significant p value of 0.010. Conclusions: Uncinate process, with its varying superior attachment, influences the frontal sinus outflow tract and may contribute to the development of frontal sinusitis. Awareness of the possible variations in the attachment of the uncinate process is vital in the preoperative planning process, which will serve as a road map to surgeons and aid in preparedness for intraoperative complications.

External validation of the MAGNIFI-CD index in patients with complex perianal fistulising Crohn's disease.

There is an increasing need for objective treatment monitoring in perianal fistulising Crohn's disease (pfCD). Therefore, the magnetic resonance novel index for fistula imaging in CD (MAGNIFI-CD) index has been designed and internally validated on the ADMIRE-CD trial cohort. The aim of this study was to externally validate the MAGNIFI-CD index to monitor response to medical and surgical treatment regimens in pfCD. A retrospective longitudinal cohort was established of consecutive patients with complex pfCD treated with surgical and/or medical therapy and a baseline and follow-up MRI between January 2007 and May 2021. The MAGNIFI-CD index was scored by two independent, abdominal radiologists blinded for time points and clinical outcomes. Responsiveness, reliability, and test accuracy regarding clinically important improvement were assessed. Cut-offs for response and remission were selected classified on fistula drainage assessment and physician global assessment. A total of 65 patients (51% female, median age 32 years) were included. A clinically relevant responsiveness of the MAGNIFI-CD was shown, with a significant decrease in clinical remitters and responders with a median MAGNIFI-CD of 18.0 [7.5-20.0] to 9.0 [0.8-16.0] (p < 0.001) and non-significant change in non-responders with a median MAGNIFI-CD of 20.0 [12.0-23.0] to 18.0 [13.0-21.0] (p = 0.22). There was an 'almost perfect' interobserver agreement (ICC = 0.87; 95% CI 0.80-0.92) for the MAGNIFI-CD index. An optimal cut-off value was defined as a decrease of 2 points for clinical response, and a MAGNIFI-CD ≤ 6 for remission at follow-up MRI. The MAGNIFI-CD index is a responsive and reliable MRI scoring instrument for treatment monitoring in perianal fistulising Crohn's disease. The MAGNIFI-CD index is a well-structured, responsive scoring instrument to assess fistula severity and activity that allows quantitative detection of changes in therapy response in patients with perianal fistulising Crohn's disease, thereby facilitating endpoints in clinical trials. Well-defined cut-offs for response and remission are needed for objective treatment monitoring of perianal fistulising Crohn's disease (pfCD). Cut-off values for remission and for response at 6 months follow-up were defined. Interobserver agreement was good. The MAGNIFI-CD index is responsive and reliable for treatment monitoring and is suitable for use in clinical trials.

EDS-FLU efficacy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with or without prior sinus surgery in ReOpen1 and ReOpen2 randomized controlled trials.

The inability of topical medications to reach sinus cavities is a potential reason for lack of efficacy in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). One purpose of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is to enable delivery of medications into the sinus cavities. The exhalation delivery system with fluticasone (EDS-FLU; XHANCE) creates unique biomechanics that enable deposition of intranasal corticosteroid into sinuses and sinus drainage pathways but may have differing efficacy in operated versus unoperated sinuses. Two 24-week randomized trials (ReOpen1/2) evaluated EDS-FLU versus EDS-placebo in patients with CRS, stratified by surgical status. Surgery-naive (n=332) and prior-surgery (n=215) patient groups were analyzed as pooled data from ReOpen1/2. Outcome measures (least-squares mean change from baseline) included combined symptom score (CSS) and congestion score at weeks 4, 8, and 12 and average of percentages of opacified volume (APOV) of ethmoid/maxillary sinuses on CT and Sinonasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) total score at week 24. Baseline scores suggested moderate-severe disease: mean CSS=5.8; APOV=67.2%. EDS-FLU produced significant improvement versus placebo (p<0.05): CSS (surgery-naive, -0.68vs. -1.42; prior ESS, -0.70vs. -1.87); congestion (surgery-naive, -0.24vs. -0.59; prior ESS, -0.24vs. -0.69); and SNOT-22 (surgery-naive, -7.56vs. -18.30; prior ESS, -10.72vs. -18.74). Similar results were observed for APOV (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed between surgery subgroups with either EDS-FLU dose. EDS-FLU improved symptoms, sinus opacification, and quality of life in patients with CRS with or without prior ESS, suggesting a role for EDS-FLU in both populations.

Safety and efficacy of trans-afferent loop endoscopic ultrasound-guided pancreaticojejunostomy for post pancreaticoduodenectomy anastomotic stricture using the forward-viewing echoendoscope: a retrospective study from Japan.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided pancreatic duct drainage is a well-established procedure for managing pancreaticojejunostomy anastomotic strictures (PJAS) post-Whipple surgery. In this study, we examined the effectiveness and safety of EUS-guided pancreaticojejunostomy (EUS-PJS). This retrospective, single-arm study was performed at Aichi Cancer Center Hospital on 10 patients who underwent EUS-guided pancreaticojejunostomy through the afferent jejunal loop using a forward-viewing echoendoscope when endoscopic retrograde pancreatography failed. Our primary endpoint was technical success rate, defined as successful stent insertion. The secondary endpoints were early and late adverse events. A total of 10 patients underwent EUS-PJS between February 2019 and October 2023. The technical success rate was 100%. The median procedure time was 23.5 minutes. No remarkable early or late adverse events related to the procedure, except for fever, occurred in two patients. The median follow-up duration was 9.5 months, and the median number of stent exchanges was two. A stent-free state was achieved in three patients. EUS-PJS for PJAS management after pancreaticoduodenectomy appears to be an effective and safe procedure with the potential advantages of fewer reinterventions and the creation of a permanent drainage fistula.

Reconstructive treatment using stent placement for type IIa+b lateral sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas complicated with sinus occlusion

BackgroundCognard type IIa+b dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) in the lateral sinuses are often complicated with venous sinus obstruction and accompanied by clinical symptoms and a risk of hemorrhage. The purpose of this study was to assess venous sinus stenting as a viable alternative treatment in complex lateral sinus DAVFs and examine its efficacy and safety. MethodsWe retrospectively examined patients diagnosed with type IIa+b DAVF in the transverse or sigmoid sinus with associated venous sinus occlusion who were treated via stent placement between April 2017 and June 2019. ResultsSix patients were included in this study. Three patients had DAVFs in both the transverse and sigmoid sinuses, two in the transverse sinus and confluence of sinuses, and one in the transverse sinus. The most common symptoms were headache, dizziness, and limb weakness. At the last follow-up, three patients had significant improvement, and three were asymptomatic. Angiograms performed immediately after the surgery showed restoration of the anterograde venous drainage in all patients. According to the follow-up angiography results, two DAVFs were completely obliterated, and four remained as stable type I DAVFs. Most patients had satisfactory venous sinus drainage, except one who had in-stent stenosis. ConclusionsStent placement can restore sinus patency, improve clinical symptoms, and decrease intracranial hemorrhage risk. This approach may be an effective option for treating type IIa+b lateral DAVFs complicated by sinus occlusion.

Sinonasal anatomical findings associated with revision functional endoscopic sinus surgery in chronic rhinosinusitis

BackgroundFunctional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) is a crucial additional procedure employed in the management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). It has mostly overtaken the external methods for managing CRS that do not respond to medicinal treatment. Over the years, several instruments have been created to eliminate anatomical obstructions and restore proper function in the sinus drainage pathways. The purpose of this work was to reflect on various anatomical findings after primary functional endoscopic sinus surgery and their relationship with sinus surgery revision.MethodsThis is a prospective cohort study conducted on 40 participants with CRS. The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test version 22 (SNOT-22) was utilized as a measure of results and was filled out by participants both prior to and following their operation (at the 6-month and 12-month intervals).ResultsThere were multiple anatomical findings encountered in CRS persistence and subsequent need for revision FESS; the most common was incomplete ethmoidectomy (both anterior and posterior) 62.5% (N = 25), and the least common was misplaced antrostomy and partial or full resection of the middle turbinate 7.5% (N = 3). Preoperative total SNOT-22 scoring ranged from 42 to 86 with mean 58.83 ± 12.08, while 6-month postoperative scoring ranged from 10 to 32 with mean 21.48 ± 5.12, and 12-month postoperative scoring ranged from 15 to 37 with mean 28.83 ± 5.52. There was significant improvement (P = 0.001). The ages of patients range between 18 and 62 years.ConclusionsSeveral common anatomical findings are often found during revision surgeries by analysis of CT scans and endoscopic examination of participants who underwent revision FESS for recurrent or persistent CRS, and this often shows persisting anatomical features or incompletely excised cells that correspond to persistent symptoms and signs of CRS, and the most common was incomplete ethmoidectomy. Also, there was significant improvement regarding outcome measure SNOT-22, 6-month and 12-month period postoperative as contrasted with preoperative scoring.

30° anteriorly tilted CT for visualizing the drainage pathway of the frontal sinus.

The optimal tilt for anteriorly tilted coronal CT was examined. A 30° anteriorly tilted coronal CT best visualized the frontal sinus drainage pathway.

Tympanoplasty with and without mastoidectomy for the treatment of active efficacy analysis of chronic suppurative otitis media of simple type

Objective:To analyze the surgical efficacy and safety of tympanoplasty with and without mastoidectomy for the treatment of active simple chronic suppurative otitis media（CSOM）, and to investigate whether mastoidectomy can be avoided in tympanoplasty for active CSOM. Methods:The clinical data of 55 patients（55 ears） with active CSOM were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the development of the mastoid process and the upper tympanic chamber, patients who met the criteria for wall-up mastoidectomy were classified as group A （30 patients）, and underwent tympanoplasty combined with wall-up mastoidectomy. Patients who did not meet the criteria for wall-up mastoidectomy were classified as group B（25 cases）, and underwent tympanoplasty with the opening of the middle and upper tympanic chambers and sinus drainage after partial removal of the shield plate bone. The survival rate of tympanic membrane grafts, hearing before and after surgery, and complications such as reperforation were compared between the two groups at 3 months postoperatively. Results:The overall postoperative tympanic membrane survival rate of patients with active CSOM was 96.4%（53/55）, including 96.7% in group A; 96.0% in group B. There was no significant difference in the tympanic membrane survival rate between the two groups（P>0.05）. The postoperative mean air-bone gap（ABG） was significantly reduced in both groups compared with the preoperative period, but there was no significant difference in ABG gain between the two groups（P>0.05）. No patients experienced serious adverse conditions such as peripheral facial paralysis, cerebrospinal fluid leakage, or sensorineural deafness after surgery. Conclusion:Microscopic tympanoplasty with patency of the middle and upper tympanic chambers and tympanic sinus drainage can be used to treat active simple chronic otitis media with satisfactory tympanic membrane viability and hearing improvement efficacy. This approach reduces patient trauma, prevents complications such as skin depressions in the mastoid area due to abrasion of the mastoid bone, and shortens the waiting time before surgery.

Proposal of a Classification System of Cavernous Sinus Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas and Treatment Strategies Based on Angioarchitecture: A Cohort Study of 116 Patients

Cavernous sinus (CS) dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are commonly treated by transvenous embolization, but the details of treatment need to be more clearly defined. We propose a classification of CS-DAVF that can contribute to formulating endovascular treatment process. CS-DAVF was classified into seven categories based on the cumulative CS range and drainage patterns. CS-DAVF angioarchitecture, clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and outcomes of CS-DAVF patients treated in our hospital from 2012 to 2021 were summarized and analyzed. Among the 116 patients with CS-DAVF: Type 1, 71 (61.2%); Type 2, 9 (7.8%); Type 3, 18 (15.5%); Type 4, 2 (1.7%); Type 5, 8 (6.9%); Type 6, 3 (2.6%); and Type 7, 5 (4.3%). Inter-CS or inferior petrosal sinus drainage was relatively rare in Types 1 and 6 (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001); basilar venous plexus drainage was more prevalent in Types 2, 5, and 7(P= 0.019). Inferior petrosal sinus occlusion was more commonly seen in Types 2, 3, and 5 (P= 0.005). The most frequent first symptoms and symptoms at admission in patients with CS-DAVF is ocular/orbital symptoms, occurring in 64 cases (55.2%) and 104 cases (89.7%), respectively. In this study, 108 patients (93.1%) underwent endovascular embolization. Among those who received endovascular embolization, 96 (88.9%) CS-DAVFs were treated via transvenous embolization. In long-term follow-up, 98 cases (84.5%) achieved cure, and 17 cases (14.7%) showed symptomatic improvement. Our proposed classification system based on cumulative CS range and drainage patterns can assist in formulating treatment strategies for transvenous embolization.

Persistence, effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab and vedolizumab therapy for complex perianal fistula in Crohn's disease: The HEAL study from GETECCU

The efficacy of ustekinumab and vedolizumab for treating complex perianal fistula in Crohn's disease has been barely studied. We aimed to assess treatment persistence, clinical remission, and safety of these drugs in this context. Crohn's disease patients who had received ustekinumab or vedolizumab for the indication of active complex perianal fistula, were included. Clinical remission was defined according to Fistula Drainage Assessment Index (no drainage through the fistula upon gentle pressure) based on physicians' assessment. Of 155 patients, 136 received ustekinumab, and 35 vedolizumab (16 received both). Median follow-up for ustekinumab was 27 months. Among those on ustekinumab, 54 % achieved remission, and within this group, 27 % relapsed during follow-up. The incidence rate of relapse was 11 % per patient-year. Multivariate analysis found no variables associated with treatment discontinuation or relapse. Median follow-up time for patients receiving vedolizumab was 19 months. Remission was achieved in 46 % of the patients receiving vedolizumab, and among them, 20 % relapsed during follow-up. The incidence rate of relapse was 7 % per patient-year. Adverse events were mild in 6 % on ustekinumab and 8 % on vedolizumab. Ustekinumab and vedolizumab appear effective, achieving remission in around half of complex perianal fistula patients, with favorable safety profiles.

Septal Venous Channel Perforation during Left Bundle Branch Area Pacing: A Prospective Study.

To characterize the diagnosis, frequency, and procedural implications of septal venous channel perforation during left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP). All consecutive patients undergoing LBBAP over an 8-month period were prospectively studied. During lead placement, obligatory septal contrast injection was performed twice, at initiation (implant entry zone) and completion (fixation zone). An intuitive fluoroscopic schema using orthogonal views (LAO/RAO) and familiar landmarks is described. Using this, we resolved zonal distribution (I-VI) of lead position on the ventricular septum and its angulation (post-fixation angle θ). Subjects with/without septal venous channel perforation were compared. Sixty-one-patients [Male 57.3%, Median Age (IQR) 69.5(62.5-74.5) years] were enrolled. Septal venous channel perforation was observed in 8 (13.1%) patients [Male 28.5%, Median Age (IQR) 64(50-75) years]. They had higher frequency of, i) right-sided-implant (25% vs. 1.9%, p=0.04), ii) fixation in zone III at the mid-superior septum (75% vs 28.3%, p=0.04), iii) steeper angle of fixation- median θ (IQR) [19(10-30)° vs. 5(4-19)°, p=0.01), and iv) longer median penetrated-lead-length (IQR) [13(10-14.8) vs. 10(8.5-12.5)mm, p=0.03]. Coronary sinus drainage of contrast was noted in 5 (62.5%) patients. Abnormal impedance drops during implantation (12.5% vs. 5.7%, p=NS) were not significantly different. When evaluated systematically, septal venous channel perforation may be encountered commonly after LBBAP. The fiducial reference framework described using fluoroscopic imaging identified salient associated findings. This may be addressed with lead repositioning to a more inferior location and are not associated with adverse consequence acutely or in early follow-up.

Salvage surgery for pouch-related complication after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis: a report of two cases

BackgroundPouch-related complications (PRCs), such as pelvic abscesses and perianal complex fistulas, can occur after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) in ulcerative colitis (UC). They are often difficult to treat and require salvage surgery. We report two cases of PRC associated with fistulas.Case presentationFirst case: A 38-year-old man was diagnosed with UC at age 26 years. Four months after the diagnosis of UC, the patient underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy, IPAA, and ileostomy for acute fulminant UC. Two years after the closure of the ileostomy, the patient developed a perianal abscess and underwent ileostomy reconstruction. He was referred to our department at 35 years of age, because his symptoms did not improve despite repeated seton drainage of a complicated perineal fistula. We diagnosed PRC with a pelvic abscess and complicated pouch fistula and performed salvage surgery. This diagnosis was revised to Crohn’s disease. Second case: A 50-year-old man was diagnosed with UC at age 18 years and was administered high doses of steroids; however, his symptoms did not improve. He underwent restorative proctocolectomy, IPAA, and ileostomy at another hospital. The ileostomy was closed, and his condition stabilized thereafter. At 35 years of age, perianal pain developed, and he was diagnosed with a complicated pouch–perineal fistula. A fistula was observed near the staple line of the ileal end closure on the head side of the pouch. Reconstruction of the ileostomy and seton drainage were performed; however, his symptoms did not improve, and he was referred to our hospital. We diagnosed PRC with a pelvic abscess and a complicated pouch fistula and performed salvage surgery. The resected specimen showed strictures in two locations: at the oral site of the afferent limb (at the pouch) and at the IPAA. Both patients returned to society and are currently outpatients.ConclusionsWe encountered two cases of PRC after IPAA that did not improve with seton drainage or ileostomy. Pouch resection was performed after considering the patient’s quality of life and reintegration into society.

Functional and Esthetic Outcomes of Either Surgically or Conservatively Treated Anterior Frontal Sinus Wall Fractures: A Long-Term Follow-Up

Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Objective Frontal sinus fractures (FSFs) can lead to a range of clinical challenges, including facial deformity, impaired facial sensation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, sinus drainage impairment, chronic sinus pain and mucocele formation. The optimal management approach, whether surgical or conservative, remains a topic of ongoing discussion. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the functional and esthetic outcomes of patients with surgically and conservatively treated FSFs. Methods In this retrospective study, patients treated for FSFs at the Karolinska university hospital 2004 to 2020 were identified in hospital records and invited to participate in a long-term follow-up. Sequelae and satisfaction with the esthetic result were assessed trough questionnaires and physical examinations. Results A total of 93 patients were included in the study, with 49 presenting isolated anterior wall fractures and 44 presenting combined anterior and posterior wall fractures. Surgical intervention was performed in 45 cases, while 48 were managed conservatively. Among patients with moderate anterior wall fractures (4-6 mm dislocation), 80% of surgically treated patients compared to 100% of conservatively treated patients expressed satisfaction with their cosmetic outcomes at follow-up ( P = .03). In conservatively treated patients with a forehead impression, the anterior wall fracture dislocation ranged from 5.3 to 6.0 mm ( P &lt; .0001). Approximately 50% of surgically treated patients vs 15% of conservatively treated patients developed impaired forehead sensation at follow-up ( P = .03). Thirty-six percent of surgically treated patients reported dissatisfaction with surgery-related scarring, particularly those who underwent surgery via laceration or bicoronal incision. Conclusions This study suggests that anterior FSFs with a dislocation of 5 mm or less can be effectively managed conservatively with high patient satisfaction, low risk of long-term forehead sensation impairment and without potential development of forehead impression. Bicoronal incision or incision via a laceration may be associated with esthetic dissatisfaction and late sequelae such as alopecia.

Accessory Ostium of the Maxillary Sinus and Its Impact on Sinusitis

Background: One of the anatomical variations in the maxillary sinus is the accessory ostium (AO). In the nasal cavity, the lateral wall’s vertical plane is parallel to the form of the AO, which is round or oval in appearance. During a nasal endoscopic examination, AO may be seen in contrast to the normal ostium of the maxillary sinus, which is hidden behind the uncinate process. Methods: The search for recent research articles on AO of the maxillary sinus was done with databases Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. This review article discusses the prevalence, development, endoscopic examination, clinical significance, surgical importance, relationship with chronic sinusitis, and its management. Results: AO may interfere with ventilation and drainage of the maxillary sinus. Hence, it is important to evaluate the anatomical features of the AO for its relationship with sinus pathology. The development of maxillary sinusitis may be significantly impacted by the anatomical variance known as AO of the maxillary sinus. The middle meatus’s posterior nasal fontanelle is where AO is most frequently observed. The possible mechanism for the formation of AO is obstruction of the natural ostium of the maxillary sinus by sinusitis or due to anatomical and pathological factors in the middle meatus leading to rupture of membranous regions such as fontanelle. Conclusion: Clinicians must have adequate knowledge regarding the anatomical variations of the AO. It frequently appears in the fontanelle, the membranous portion of the middle meatus’ lateral nasal wall that is between the uncinate process and inferior meatus.

Outcome of Post Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Nasal Irrigation with Normal Saline Versus Normal Saline with Budesonide in Patients with Sinonasal Polyposis: A Randomized Control Trial.

Chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS) is a condition characterized by inflammation of the lining of nose and sinuses lasting for 12weeks or more. CRS with nasal polyp nasal polyp(CRSwNP) is seen in 0.5-4% of the population and is present in about 20% of patients with CRS. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery aids in restoring the ventilation and drainage of paranasal sinuses. Postoperatively, various solutions are used to irrigate the sinus cavity for pharmaceutical and mechanical lavage. Hence, it is imperative to compare different solutions to choose the best to give a favorable outcome. A total of 24 postoperative CRSwNP patients were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received routine post-FESS medication as per the institute guidelines. Group B received budesonide nasal irrigation in addition to regular care. Both groups were evaluated endoscopically at 1, 4, and 12weeks after the surgery. Pre and postoperative quality of life were compared. Endoscopic Lund-Kennedy scoring (objective measurement) and Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 score were used to compare the two groups. The mean preoperative Sino Nasal Outcomes Test 22 score(SNOT-22) was 46.58 ± 6.18 in group A and 50.5 ± 5.7 in group B. It was reduced to 15.00 ± 2.00 and 9.75 ± 1.95 postoperatively in both groups respectively at the end of 3months. Postoperatively, the mean endoscopic score was 2.36 ± 0.80 in group A and 1.18 ± 0.40 in group B at the end of 3months. In conclusion, saline plus budesonide nasal irrigation is a better option when compared to saline only irrigation in terms of efficacy and therapeutic effect in patients undergoing FESS for CRSwNP, hence, it should be advocated in regular clinical practice.