Singular Entities Research Articles

A local scour model for single pile on silty seabed considering soil cohesion (SedCohFOAM): Model and validation

In this study, the sediment transport two-phase flow model named SedFOAM is expanded to include soil cohesion, creating a new model named SedCohFOAM within OpenFOAM. The local scouring flume experiment involving a pile on silty seabed and sandy seabed is conducted in a curved flume. Due to the influence of cohesion, the scouring depth at different locations on sandy seabed is 15%–18% greater than that on silty seabed. Observations from this experiment informed the analysis of force balance, wherein the agglomerated silt particles are modeled as large singular entities and the cohesive force is treated as a downward influence that keeps the aggregated particles stationary. Meanwhile, the experimental outcomes are utilized to validate the accuracy of the SedCohFOAM model. The numerical findings demonstrated that SedCohFOAM can simulate the flow field distribution around the pile, variations in seabed shear stress, and alterations in seabed surface morphology. Compared with the SedFOAM model, the SedCohFOAM model has a significantly reduced simulation error in simulating scour on silty seabed. When comparing the cross-sectional profiles of the scour holes derived from the flume experiments with those simulated by SedCohFOAM, it was observed that the ultimate-equilibrium scour depth predicted by the model is consistently lower, but the scour radius in the numerical simulations is larger. The deviation from the experimental results is nearly within 8%, while when the flow velocity is high, the simulation error of the simulated scouring depth behind the pile and the scouring radius in front of pile is amplified.

Isolation of a novel multiple-heavy metal resistant Lampropedia aestuarii GYF-1 and investigation of its bioremediation potential

BackgroundHeavy metal contamination has been a severe worldwide environmental issue. For industrial pollutions, heavy metals rarely exist as singular entities. Hence, researches have increasingly focused on the detrimental effect of mixed heavy metal pollution. Genome analysis of Lampropedia strains predicted a repertoire of heavy metal resistance genes. However, we are still lack of experimental evidence regarding to heavy metal resistance of Lampropedia, and their potential in mixed heavy metal removal remain elusive.ResultsIn this study, a Lampropedia aestuarii strain GYF-1 was isolated from soil samples near steel factory. Heavy metal tolerance assay indicated L. aestuarii GYF-1 possessed minimal inhibition values of 2 mM, 10 mM, 6 mM, 4 mM, 6 mM, 0.8 mM, and 4 mM for CdCl2, K2CrO4, CuCl2, NiCl2, Pb(CH3COO)2, ZnSO4, and FeCl2, respectively. The biosorption assay demonstrated its potential in soil remediation from mixed heavy metal pollution. Next the draft genome of L. aestuarii GYF-1 was obtained and annotated, which revealed strain GYF-1 are abundant in heavy metal resistance genes. Further evaluations on differential gene expressions suggested adaptive mechanisms including increased lipopolysaccharides level and enhanced biofilm formation.ConclusionIn this study, we demonstrated a newly isolated L. aestuarii GYF-1 exhibited mixed heavy metal resistance, which proven its capability of being a potential candidate strain for industrial biosorption application. Further genome analysis and differential gene expression assay suggest enhanced LPS and biofilm formation contributed to the adaptation of mixed heavy metals.

The influence of marketing communications agencies on activist brands’ moral competency development and ability to engage in authentic brand activism: Wieden+Kennedy ‘Just Does It’

To compel people to bring about social change, activist brands must develop moral competency to ensure that they are perceived as authentic. However, there is limited research on the processes underpinning brands’ moral competency development. Furthermore, prior research on authentic brand activism has largely conceived of brands as singular entities as opposed to networks of diverse actors. Consequently, little is known about how inter-organisational collaborations influence brands’ moral competency development and ability to engage in authentic activism. We address this gap by presenting a case study of Nike, Inc./Wieden+Kennedy campaigns from 2017 to 2021 centred on women’s empowerment and of controversies from this period surrounding discrimination of female employees at Nike, Inc. By locating brand activism within the advertising client–agency relationship, we develop a cyclical model of activist brands’ moral competency development. Our model highlights that moral competency is not a static feature of brands but develops dynamically, and we identify the mobilisation of interactional expertise as a key driver of moral competency development. Furthermore, our model shows that a brand’s moral competency is not developed by a single organisation but through inter-organisational collaborations. We also demonstrate the challenges emerging from these collaborations and develop practical implications for activist brands.

When technologies become Industry 4.0 platforms: Defining the role of digital technologies through a boundary-spanning perspective

The implementation of Industry 4.0 is usually built around core technologies that integrate different complementary hardware and software to coordinate activities within and across the company's borders. These technologies can operate as platforms, becoming the base of technology integration in the digital transformation journey. However, the specialized literature has not yet addressed Industry 4.0 technologies from a system view by considering the types of platforms involved. Rather, most Industry 4.0 technologies are considered singular entities of digital transformation. Thus, we aim to define which and how Industry 4.0 technologies can operate as platforms. We propose four types of platforms that support Industry 4.0 features: (i) Networked Manufacturing Operations platforms; (ii) Vertical Integration platforms; (iii) End-to-End Engineering platforms; (vi) Horizontal Integration platforms. We adopt a Boundary-Spanning (BS) perspective to analyze technologies as Industry 4.0 platforms using four BS activities: information collection and processing, external representation; task coordination; and knowledge transformation. We employ a multiple-case approach by scrutinizing 40 cases and selecting seven in which Industry 4.0 technologies are used as platforms. Although only the internet of things and cloud-based systems are conceived as technology platforms in practice, we show that Industry 4.0 can embrace other technologies as platforms that contribute to building cyber-physical systems. We suggest that some of these technologies can operate either as stand-alone or platforms, depending on how their use is designed in the digital transformation process for Industry 4.0 implementation. We provide a framework explaining platform layering as a value chain for these technologies.

Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology

Is It Too Late? A Theology of Ecology

Simulation of SSI-LED Light Emission Pattern Using Python As a Simulation Framework

A novel optoelectronic device named Solid-State Incandescent LED (SSI-LED) was reported by Kuo's group [1]. Intended to supplant conventional pn-junction LEDs in scenarios requiring ease of fabrication and compatible with Si technology, this device is made from a MOS capacitor with a high-k gate dielectric layer undergoing dielectric breakdown to form a large number of nano-sized conduction paths called Nano-resistors (NRs) [2]. Each NR has a small cross section, e.g., 10 nm diameter, and a high electrical resistance. When a voltage is applied across the device, these structures undergo incandescence, behaving similar to filaments in incandescent bulbs. As a result of thermal excitation, a broad and continuous spectrum of light is emitted, as opposed to narrow band lights from LEDs.Previous simulations of the device using COMSOL were limited by both the number of NRs that could be generated and the sizes of these NRs [3]. SEM images indicate that the SSI-LED should have at least a few hundred NRs per 30 μ2 [4]. In addition, simulation studies have shown that for certain devices, there is a higher density of NRs along the gate circumference [5].In order to extend both the functionality and flexibility of the current simulation to match the above requirements, a framework for SSI-LED geometry generation was made using Python. The current implementation can directly translate both a NR size in tabular format, and a position distribution in the form of concentric bands of limits expressed as rational multiples of the gate diameter, into built geometry within COMSOL. SEM images have also shown that NRs tend to form as aggregated clusters [4], which in the accompanying data were recorded as single large size light dots. In light of this, the code also can generate NRs in clusters by specifying the minimum and maximum 1) spread of clustered, 2) the number of NRs present in each cluster, and 3) the unique size distribution for clustered NRs. The program has the capability of having NRs generated both randomly as singular entities and as clusters in a simple percentage ratio. Additional parameters for finer control include a value to control the minimum space between random NRs and a clearance from the gate circumference edge.The python code removes the limit on number and sizes of NRs in the early light intensity simulations using MATLAB [3]. It extends utility into generating light intensity distribution data for the same geometry used in COMSOL, allowing for a one-to-one correspondence with the simulation model, and takes a number of steps to optimize the calculations for larger numbers of NRs and larger dot sizes.The output is stored as a file and accessed by a COMSOL-MATLAB Livelink, where it is possible to browse to any model through the Livelink interface and update the geometry of any COMSOL simulation model. This allows an already completed simulation model to be updated with the new geometry without having to redevelop the physics and post processing data contained in the simulation file.Figure 1 shows the light emitting patterns of a) a fabricated SSI-LED [6] and b) output from this simulation work, for comparison.[1] Y. Kuo and C.-C. Lin, Appl. Phys. Lett., 102, 031117 (2013).[2] Y. Kuo, IEDM, 4.7.1-4.7.4 (2014).[3] A. Shukla and Y. Kuo, ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol., 9, 065017 (2020).[4] S. Zhang and Y. Kuo, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 51, 09LT02 (2018).[5] K. Natarajan and Y. Kuo, to be published.[6] S. Zhang and Y. Kuo, ECS Trans., 85(3) 53-58 (2018). Figure 1

Generationing cultural quarters: the temporal embeddedness of relational places

ABSTRACT Cultural quarters concentrate and embed cultural and artistic activities, services, and networks in place, yet they are neither singular nor discrete entities. Within cities, cultural quarters exist in multiple temporal and spatial relations. Building on our existing work on the political,organizational,social,ephemeral, andspatial forms of embeddedness of cultural quarters (POSES Star Framework), this paper focuses on temporal embeddedness. It argues that a temporally-sensitive analysis of cultural quarter embeddedness, and the transposition of developmental psychology notions of generationing and birth order, can advance urban geographical understandings of the interdependencies of sites of cultural production and consumption within cities. A comparative study of four proximate German cultural quarters in former industrial sites in West Leipzig – Baumwollspinnerei, Tapetenwerk, Westwerk, and Kunstkraftwerk – illustrates how generationing showcases cultural quarters as relational places.

Occupational Exposure to Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Nanofibres: More Than a Cobweb.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are erroneously considered as singular material entities. Instead, they should be regarded as a heterogeneous class of materials bearing different properties eliciting particular biological outcomes both in vitro and in vivo. Given the pace at which the industrial production of CNTs/CNFs is increasing, it is becoming of utmost importance to acquire comprehensive knowledge regarding their biological activity and their hazardous effects in humans. Animal studies carried out by inhalation showed that some CNTs/CNFs species can cause deleterious effects such as inflammation and lung tissue remodeling. Their physico-chemical properties, biological behavior and biopersistence make them similar to asbestos fibers. Human studies suggest some mild effects in workers handling CNTs/CNFs. However, owing to their cross-sectional design, researchers have been as yet unable to firmly demonstrate a causal relationship between such an exposure and the observed effects. Estimation of acceptable exposure levels should warrant a proper risk management. The aim of this review is to challenge the conception of CNTs/CNFs as a single, unified material entity and prompt the establishment of standardized hazard and exposure assessment methodologies able to properly feed risk assessment and management frameworks.

El problema de la representación de la naturaleza: las entidades naturales dentro los modelos de experimentación

Los sistemas de experimentación en laboratorio involucran entidades naturales que son estandarizadas aludiendo a su alta transformación, en sucesivos procesos de purificación y selección (Kohler, 1994). Karin Knorr-Cetina (1999) se refiere a entidades homogéneas singulares llegando a constituir unas totalmente diferentes de aquellas entidades naturales. Márquez (2007) describe esto como un proceso de abstracción donde se reduce la complejidad a características elegidas y como consecuencia son representaciones idealizadas que corresponden a caracteres seleccionados y abstraídos del individuo como tal. Son formas estandarizadas de entidades vivas que tienen una función inferencial: desde los datos obtenidos en el individuo estandarizado en condiciones de laboratorio hacia los organismos que están por “fuera del laboratorio” derivándose datos que serán utilizados en las inferencias. Hans Jorg Rheinberger (1997) afirma respecto al problema de la experimentación y respecto a la representación de la naturaleza, que un modelo de representación sucede a otro, en una cadena que nunca llega a referirse a una realidad natural como tal Este articulo expone el problema que existe en la representación de la naturaleza que pretende la ciencia. Se concluye que las inferencias que de las teorías se derivan sobre la realidad estarían restringidas por un modelo de representación que es parte de otro modelo dentro del laboratorio y en este sentido no darían cuenta de una realidad natural como referente.

Acquisition of broken plural patterns by Jordanian children

AbstractThis study examines the acquisition of broken plural (BP) patterns generated by child speakers of Jordanian Arabic (JA). Data were collected from 20 Jordanian children via an experimental production test. Children were given pictures of a set of singular entities depicting nouns and pictures containing their plural counterparts, and they were asked to say the names of the items in the pictures in an attempt to provide their corresponding plural forms. The results reveal that the acquisition of correct BP patterns appears critical for children. The feminine sound plural (FSP) was employed as the default pattern by children and thus is acquired before the BP, with the acquired patterns mainly shaped by productivity, predictability (but not familiarity) and overgeneralization (morphological, phonological, and semantic). Based on the oral speech corpus produced by adult JA speakers, published in Semarchive, a rough count of plural pattern frequencies was undertaken. The FSP proved to be less frequent than BPs in tokens and can thus be considered a minority default, a finding that calls into question the validity of Boudelaa and Gaskell’s corpus (2002. A re-examination of the default system for Arabic plurals. Language and Cognitive Processes 17(3). 321–343) on JA. Although 3- to 5-year-old children use the FSP as the most productive pattern, frequency does not significantly contribute to the predictability of the distribution in shaping the correct plural form at this stage of learning BPs.

Not a Forest but a Neon Technological Urban Tree (On the Exhibition In Front of Me, 2020)

The author’s exhibition In Front of Me is a visual symbiosis of two themes: two crises intertwined in the human behavior – the ecological one and the social one borne by the pandemic situation that turns into a deeper existential crisis and questioning of the human. The trees represented in large-scale paintings are not a forest but rather some singular entities, bare-stripped crowns strenuously cut into a gloomy sky.

Back to disciplines: exploring the stability of publication regimes in chemistry: the case of the Journal of the American Chemical Society (1879\u20132010)

Based on a case study, this article explores the stability of publication regimes (as defined by Hilgartner (2015, 2017)) in chemistry. Starting with a slight detour via open access (OA) policies, it concentrates on the conditions of editorial production and trade of a scholarly journal, from an historical perspective enriched by a sociology of valuation and pricing. Prices are seen as social constructs as I consider the modalities of market coordination among actors of the publishing enterprise in a major scholarly society, the American Chemical Society (ACS). The study focuses on the Journal of the American Chemical Society (JACS), a periodical that was founded in 1879 by the ACS, of which it is the “flagship” journal. The investigation relies mainly on a detailed examination of the JACS imprint from a diachronic perspective (1879–2010). I describe how scientific papers (as singular entities) gradually entered into a commodity market, first with the page-charge mechanism and the imposition of authors’ fees, up to the emergence of the Article Processing Charge (APC) model, where the authors/institutions pay fees to have the electronic versions of their articles in OA. The proposed timeline in five periods is marked by two points of rupture that correspond to State intervention and the adoption of federal laws. Inherited from the deployment of science regimes in the post-WWII period, revenue collection models were collectively invented by the ACS and its members as successive adjustments to address massive imbalances caused by changes in scientific, institutional, and regulatory environments. Specific market mechanisms and modes of coordination have been put in place to support the development and guarantee the continuity of a disciplinary program (that of chemistry) in the frame of what I call a disciplinary publication regime.

Глаголы перемещения веществ в некоторых финно-угорских языках

The article deals with verbs describing motion of substances (‘fl ow’, ‘stream’, ‘pour’ etc.) in three Finno-Ugric languages (Komi, Western Khanty, and Hill Mari), which were not considered in the previous typological studies of this domain. The article is aimed at identifying the semantic oppositions between such verbs from the typological perspective. The material has been collected primarily in fieldwork by elicitation and is compared to the data available in dictionaries (sometimes coming from other language varieties). Methodologically, I rely on the frame-based approach to lexical typology, which involves collocational analysis as the key procedure for highlighting semantic oppositions A sketch of falling verbs in each language is provided (focusing on how the basic parameters of cross-linguistic variation are realized in my sample), since they are contiguous to the domain being in the main focus. The main part of the article provides the description of flowing & pouring verbs in each language from the sample. I discuss several semantic features of these verbs, such as the opposition between a stream and drops, the colexification of moving liquids and granular substances (with some language-specific constraints dealing with some properties of the situations), special lexemes for small amounts of liquids emitted from some entity, etc. Some issues underdescribed in typological studies are touched upon (e.g. a special verb in Khanty for small portions of liquids or pouring substance moving in the air, such as fog or flour). The semantic connections between, on the one hand, flowing & pouring, and, on the other hand, falling of multiple subjects are analyzed, taking into account the restrictions on the subject of falling (natural entity vs. artifact, size of singular entities) and on the whole situation (distributivity) available for this colexification pattern. Other polysemy patterns developed by the verbs in question are considered as well, e.g. the extension of the basic lexeme kis’s’yny ‘flow, pour’ in Komi to some situations of destruction

Integration of Existing Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Systems into a Common Information Model

Abstract In order to be able to serve constantly new customer requirements, manufacturing systems must be able to adapt to frequent changes. In addition, repeatedly objects are removed or added to the network. To control and monitor such a constantly changing system a mapping of existing manufacturing systems into a common information model is necessary. This model describes information that is produced and stored in different entities of the complete system. To create a common address space and expose the relations between the devices an aggregation of every element in the system is needed. This paper describes a methodology for the creation of an information model for a complete manufacturing environment, followed by an approach for the aggregation of the singular system entities. The concept of this paper is illustrated with a demonstrator. The results of this approach have been discussed in the following sections along with the proposal for further directions.

Overcoming African institutional voids: market entry with networks

PurposeLiterature on modes of entry has focussed on firm-level strategies. The predominant theories used are institutional theory and the resource-based view. Using an alternate approach – network theory – this paper aims to demonstrate an additional mode of entry: multiple firms entering together as an extension of an existing loose network, known as a bridging network. The extension of an external network across borders is an appropriate mode of entry in emerging markets, with no pre-existing networks or existing networks within a market that are weak, immature or missing.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual review, which develops four propositions, demonstrating that market entry with bridging networks may be the preferred mode of entry in the presence of institutional voids. Alternative modes may not be viable because of costs and risks associated with overcoming such voids.FindingsExisting theory and case examples support the contention that market conditions facilitate firms to enter as networks rather than as singular entities. These conditions are found in markets with institutional voids and explain the dominant form of business groups in many countries and the operation of loose strategic alliances in emerging markets. Network entry facilitates market access speed may allow for local ties to remain undeveloped or be a first step in building in-country networks.Originality/valueThis paper heeds to the call for a network ecosystem approach to market entry, arguing that firms may enter as a collective in subsistence and emerging markets, which would explain the preponderance of business groups and loose alliances found.

Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)-Annulated Calix[4]pyrroles: Chemically Switchable Systems with Encodable Allosteric Recognition and Logic Gate Functions

Molecular and supramolecular systems capable of switching between two or more states as the result of an applied chemical stimulus are attracting ever-increasing attention. They have seen wide application in the development of functional materials including, but not limited to, molecular and supramolecular switches, chemosensors, electronics, optoelectronics, and logic gates. A wide range of chemical stimuli have been used to control the switching within bi- and multiple state systems made up from either singular molecular entities or supramolecular ensembles. In general, chemically triggered switching systems contain at least two major functional components that provide for molecular recognition and signal transduction, respectively. These components can be connected to one another via either covalent or noncovalent linkages. Of particular interest are switchable systems displaying cooperative or allosteric features. Such advanced control over function is ubiquitous in nature and, in the case of synthetic systems, may allow the capture and release of a targeted chemical entity or permit the transduction of binding information from one recognition site to another. Allosterically controlled complexation and decomplexation could also permit the amplification or deamplification of analyte-specific binding affinity, lead to nonlinear binding characteristics, or permit a magnification of output signals. Our own efforts to develop chemically driven supramolecular switches, advanced logic gates, and multifunction cascade systems have focused on the use of tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) annulated calix[4]pyrroles (C4Ps). These systems, TTF-C4Ps, combine several orthogonal binding motifs within what are conformationally switchable receptor frameworks. Their basic structure and host-guest recognition functions can be controlled via application of an appropriate chemical stimulus. Homotropic or heterotropic allosteric molecular recognition behavior is often seen. This has allowed us to (1) produce self-assembled structures, (2) control switching between bi- and multistate constructs, (3) generate chemical logic gates performing chemical-based Boolean logic operations, (4) create ionically controlled three-state logic systems that release different chemical messengers and activate disparate downstream reactions, and (5) encode a variety advanced functional operations into what are relatively simple molecular-scale devices. Looking to the future, we believe that exploiting allosteric control will expand opportunities for supramolecular chemists and allow some of the complexity seen in biology to be reproduced in simple constructs. Of particular appeal would be a capacity to release chemical messengers at will, perhaps after a prior capture and chemical modification step, that then encode for further downstream functions as seen in the case of the small molecules, such as neurotransmitters and pheromones, used by nature for the purpose of intraentity communication. Molecular scale logic devices with allosteric functions are thus the potential vanguard of a new area of study involving interactions between multiple discrete components with an emphasis on functional outcomes.

Cosmopolitical encounters: Prototyping at the National Zoo in Santiago, Chile

ABSTRACTThis article presents an empirical reflection on how the prototyping of an environmental enrichment device for chimpanzees at the National Zoo of Chile precipitates a cosmopolitical encounter. Using material produced by design students, zookeepers and the chimps Judy and Gombe, we describe how prototyping iterations establish open processes of dialogue and encounters among humans and nonhumans. The case will demonstrate how prototyping can go further than the generation of models of an original. On the contrary, the cosmopolitical encounter emerging from the prototyping process makes evident a truly ontological vocation, acknowledging humans and other-than-human beings as singular entities. Its provisional and malleable nature turns this device into a privileged locus for the exploration of interspecies entanglement. Although zoos are scientifically organized institutions, in this case we observe how its anthropocentric hierarchy was performatively reshuffled at certain moments of the prototyping process. The cosmopolitical qualities of the prototyping process analyzed derive from its capacity to deploy an ethics of attention and care between the agencies at play, that is, for unfold gestures of mutual vulnerability. Finally, we propose prototyping as a device for moving from cosmopolitics as a way of understanding the world to cosmopolitics as a matter of design.

Teoria poznania intelektualnego (ujęcie Franciszka Suáreza SJ)

This paper concerns Suárez’ intellectual cognition which is directly related to the theory of objective being, although understood differently than in the present times. In the discussion of intellectual cognition he placed the concept of first and second intention. Suárez especially indicates the order of so­‑called the “second intention” in which the intellect perceives being through the very objective being (noetic order), which is characterized by undivided and undifferentiated status at the level of active intellect. Thus Suárez’ objective order of cognition is not distinctively determined. This makes the being to be comprehended through the objective concept of being from the noetic perspective as referring equally to the singular entities as well as universal, finite and infinite, being created and uncreated. Considering the above, one can agree with the position according to which Suárez’ intellectual cognition can be considered as a scholastic theory that could have a significant bearing on the future epistemology in modern rationalism, especially which had considerable influence on the Cartesian model of subjective knowledge and Kantian critical transcendental philosophy. Suárez’ approach meets with the theory that influenced the modern epistemology and post­‑Cartesian philosophy as a cognitive shift towards a new subjective prospect (e.g. in se conversa), in which reflection on real being was shifted toward the cognitive representations, that is, toward the noetic reflection and mentalism.

Guillermo de Ockham y el desafío escéptico en los Quodlibeta Septem

<p class="p1"> La epistemología de Guillermo de Ockham expuesta en losQuodlibeta Septem conduce a conclusiones escépticas. La proposición anterior sintetiza la hipótesis de este ensayo. La demostración que aquí expongo está basada en mi propuesta de interpretación sobre el modo en que se desarrolla todo proceso cognoscitivo de singulares. Tal interpretación puede expresarse en dos proposiciones: 1) el conocimiento intuitivo y el conocimiento abstractivo son formas distintas de un asentimiento simple; 2) Ockham, dentro de su propio esquema epistemológico, intenta evitar conclusiones escépticas por medio de la noción de conocimiento reflexivo. Esta última noción, sin embargo, no nos permitiría justificar que nuestras creencias sean verdaderas.</p>

The Curious Transformation of Boy to Computer

The Curious Transformation of Boy to Computer