Singlet Radical Research Articles

Heterogeneous Activation of Persulfate by Petal-Shaped Co3O4@BiOI to Degrade Bisphenol AF

In catalytic tests, the results have shown that almost all the BPAF was removed within 30 min when the dosage of Co3O4@BiOI and sodium persulfate (PS) was 0.15 g and 0.1 mM, respectively. Acid conditions inhibited BPAF degradation, but the inclusion of a precise concentration of bicarbonate ions (HCO3−) promoted degradation. The presence of chloride (Cl−), sulfate ions (SO42−), and a high concentration of HCO3− inhibited the degradation process, whereas the addition of nitrate ions (NO3−) had a minor effect on the catalytic process. The presence of free radicals (sulfate (SO4•−), hydroxyl (•OH), and superoxide (O2•−)) and the non-free radical singlet oxygen (1O2) in the Co3O4@BiOI/PS system was determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching tests. We propose that the Co(II)/Co(III) and Bi(III)/Bi(V) redox pairs simultaneously activate PS where the Co3O4 and BiOI components work synergistically to promote the rapid oxidative degradation of BPAF in water.

Peroxymonosulfate activation by cobalt-doped ferromanganese magnetic oxides through singlet oxygen and radical pathways for efficient sulfadiazine degradation.

In this paper, cobalt-doped MnFe2O4 (CMFO-0.4) with oxygen vacancies was successfully synthesised by the sol-gel method and applied as a high-performance catalyst for the activation of peroxomonosulfate (PMS). The catalyst showed an excellent catalytic effect for the degradation of sulfadiazine (SDZ) by activated PMS, and the degradation rate can reach 100% in 10 minutes. The effects of different conditions on the degradation of SDZ were investigated, and it was determined that the optimal concentrations of catalyst and PMS were 0.2 g L-1 and 1 mM, respectively, and had good degradation effects in the pH 5-11 range. Free radical quenching experiments, XPS, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analyses revealed the presence of hydroxyl radicals (˙OH), sulphate radicals (SO4˙-), singlet oxygen (1O2), and superoxide radicals (˙O2 -) in the CMFO-0.4/PMS system, with 1O2 being the main reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, CMFO-0.4 has good reusability and adaptability to the presence of other substances.

Carbene Formation or Reduction of the Diazo Functional Group? An Unexpected Solvent‐Dependent Reactivity of Cyclic Diazo Imides

AbstractThe control of the reactivity of diazo compounds is commonly achieved by the choice of a suitable catalyst, e.g. via stabilization of singlet carbenes or radical intermediates. Herein, we report on the light‐promoted reactivity of cyclic diazo imides with thiols, where the choice of solvent results in two fundamentally different reaction pathways. In dichloromethane (DCM), a carbene is formed initially and engages in a cascade C−H functionalization/thiolation reaction to deliver indane‐fused pyrrolidines in good to excellent yields. When switching to acetonitrile solvent, the carbene pathway is shut down and an unusual reduction of the diazo compound occurs under otherwise identical reaction conditions, where the aryl thiol acts as reductant. A combined set of experimental and computational studies was carried out to obtain mechanistic understanding and to support that indane formation proceeds via the insertion of a triplet carbene, while the reduction of diazo imides proceeds via an electron transfer process.

Carbene Formation or Reduction of the Diazo Functional Group? An Unexpected Solvent-Dependent Reactivity of Cyclic Diazo Imides.

The control of the reactivity of diazo compounds is commonly achieved by the choice of a suitable catalyst, e.g. via stabilization of singlet carbenes or radical intermediates. Herein, we report on the light-promoted reactivity of cyclic diazo imides with thiols, where the choice of solvent results in two fundamentally different reaction pathways. In dichloromethane (DCM), a carbene is formed initially and engages in a cascade C-H functionalization/thiolation reaction to deliver indane-fused pyrrolidines in good to excellent yields. When switching to acetonitrile solvent, the carbene pathway is shut down and an unusual reduction of the diazo compound occurs under otherwise identical reaction conditions, where the aryl thiol acts as reductant. A combined set of experimental and computational studies was carried out to obtain mechanistic understanding and to support that indane formation proceeds via the insertion of a triplet carbene, while the reduction of diazo imides proceeds via an electron transfer process.

High efficient manganese‑nitrogen co-doped lignin-based carbon catalysts to activate peroxymonosulfate for the degradation of bisphenol A

Mn-based catalysts have attracted widespread attention because of their low price, sufficient source and effective activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to generate free radicals for rapid degradation of organic pollutants. In most pulp and paper industries, lignin sulfonates are usually the waste streams or serve as low-value fuels. However, lignin sulfonates due to its abundant aromatic structure and sulfur functional groups, is regarded as an excellent carbon resource. The stability of supported Mn-based catalyst can be improved by doping nitrogen atoms through the formation of covalent bonds. In this work, Mn, N co-doped carbon composites were prepared by one-step carbonization, and the catalysts were characterized by TEM, XRD, XPS, etc. and the results show that the catalysts with low Mn content mainly contain highly dispersed Mn species such as MnNx species, while high Mn loading catalyst includes some MnOx species. The catalytic performances of the catalysts were evaluated by the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) by activating PMS, which can reach >95 % in 8 min. Catalyst recyclability experiments demonstrate that carbon-based materials have good stability without the remarkable leaching of metal ions during the degradation reaction. The results of radical capture experiments and radical-assisted ESR show that the active species of the reaction is non-free radical singlet oxygen (1O2), which can effectively degrade BPA. This study provides a facile and efficient method to prepare high-efficient Mn-N-C catalysts in the catalytic decomposition of BPA.

Optical properties, singlet oxygen, and free radical production ability with different UV irradiations and antimicrobial inhibitors against various bacterial species of ZnO: Eu nanoparticles

In this study, ZnO: Eu nanoparticles were produced by the co-precipitation method. In this context, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was analyzed to characterized the produced nanoparticles. Moreover, the approximate crystallite size of the nanoparticles was calculated using Scherrer's formula and Williamson-Hall's equation of 27 nm with a strain of 0.002. The crystalline size and the microstructure of ZnO: Eu nanoparticles were obtained by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and its results were consistent with the analysis of (XRD). The optical properties of the prepared nanostructure were studied by applying photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), which was observed in the spectrum obtained with an excitation wavelength of 325 nm in the ultraviolet range and visible zone of the peaks. The energy band gap was reached through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy for ZnO: Eu nanoparticles. The connection between the produced nanostructure elements was defined by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Methylene blue and anthracene reagents were used to detect the hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen. The reduction in anthracene and methylene blue absorption emphasizes the production of singlet oxygen and radical hydroxyl. ZnO: Eu nanoparticles were used as an antimicrobial inhibitor against various bacterial species. Taken together, our results confirmed that the growth of bacteria can be inhibited by ZnO: Eu nanoparticles. The maximum diameter of the halo was not increased, due to the effect of 26 mm nanoparticles that is related to P.aeruginosa bacteria.

Enhanced degradation of cefalexin using Co2SnO4@rGO as an effective peroxymonosulfate activator in hybrid ozonation system

This study successfully developed a nanocomposite catalyst (Co2SnO4 @rGO) at optimal composite ratio of 2:1 between Co2SnO4 and GO for effectively activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade cefalexin (CFX) from water by hybrid ozonation system (O3/Co2SnO4 @rGO/PMS). The CFX removal efficiency was compared in three oxidation systems, including O3, Co2SnO4 @rGO/PMS and O3/Co2SnO4 @rGO/PMS under various operational conditions. The effect of co-existing anions and scavengers was studied to determine the CFX removal mechanisms. The characteristics of catalyst were analyzed using SBET, SEM, EDS and mapping, XRD, FTIR and pHPZC. The results illustrated that supplementation of O3 into Co2SnO4 @rGO/PMS system exhibited the highest degradation and mineralization efficiencies of CFX, reaching 99.93% and 67.03%, respectively under optimal operational conditions. At this condition, the CFX degradation and mineralization rates in O3/ Co2SnO4 @rGO/PMS system were higher than those in Co2SnO4 @rGO/PMS system by 2.8 and 1.32 times, respectively, thanks to synergistic effect of O3 and Co2SnO4 @rGO/PMS in the same reactor. The CFX removal mechanisms were proposed through both pathways: non-radical and radical pathway. The non-radical mechanism was through singlet oxygen (1O2) and radical pathway was via the free radicals of *OH, *SO4- and *O2. The scavenging experiments further confirmed CFX removal mechanism was through both non-radical and radical pathways. Among them, the 1O2 was predominately species in removal of CFX. Besides, the Co2SnO4 @rGO catalyst exhibited a high reusability over four consecutive catalytic cycles. These findings demonstrated the occurrence of O3 and Co2SnO4 @rGO in hybrid ozonation system effectively activated PMS to enhance CFX removal from wastewater.

Benzo(ghi)perylene (BgP) a black tattoo ingredient induced skin toxicity via direct and indirect mode of DNA damage under UVA irradiation

Tattooing is a very common fashion trend across all the ages and gender of the society worldwide. Although skin inflammatory diseases are very frequent among tattoo users because of the active chemical ingredients used in tattoo ink, yet no ingredient-specific toxicity study has been performed. Benzo(ghi)perylene (BgP) is one of the PAHs and an important ingredient of black tattoo ink that shows strong absorption in UVA and UVB radiation of sunlight. Therefore, understanding the hazardous potential of BgP especially under UVA exposure is important for the safety of skin of tattoo users by considering the fact that penetration of UVA is in the dermis region where tattoo ingredients reside. To evaluate the hazardous potential of BgP on human skin under UVA exposure, different experimental tools i.e., in-chemico, in-silico and in-vitro were utilized. Our results illustrated that BgP photosensitized under UVA (1.5 mW/cm2) irradiation shows a degradation pattern till 4 h exposure. Photosensitized BgP reduced significant cell viability (%) at 1 μg/ml concentration. However, the pretreatment of singlet and hydroxyl radical quenchers, restoration of cell viability observed, confirmed the role of type-I and type-II photodynamic reactions in phototoxicity of BgP. Further, intracellular uptake of BgP in HaCaT cells was estimated and confirmed by UHPLC analysis. Molecular docking of BgP with DNA and formation of γ-H2AX foci demonstrated the DNA intercalation and double-stranded DNA damaging potential of BgP. Furthermore, acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB) dual staining showed apoptotic cell death via photosensitized BgP under UVA irradiation. The above findings suggest that BgP reached the human skin cell and induced dermal toxicity via direct and indirect mode of DNA damage under UVA exposure finally promoting the skin cell death. Thus, BgP-containing tattoo ink may be hazardous and may induce skin damage and diseases, especially in presence of UVA radiation of sunlight. To minimize the risk of skin diseases from synthetic ingredients in tattoo ink, the study highlights the importance of developing eco-friendly and skin-friendly tattoo ingredients by companies.

Antimicrobial photodynamic in vitro inactivation of Enterococcus spp. and Staphylococcus spp. strains using tetra-cationic platinum(II) porphyrins

This manuscript presents the first report on antimicrobial photo-inactivation in vitro using tetra-cationic porphyrins with peripheral platinum(II) bipyridyl complexes against Gram-positive bacteria. Two isomeric tetra-cationic porphyrins (3TPyP and 4TPyP) were tested against clinically important bacterial species. The antimicrobial activity assays were performed at specific photosensitizer (PS) concentrations under dark and white-light LED irradiation conditions for 120 min. The porphyrin 3-PtTPyP was the most efficient PS against the bacteria tested, inhibiting bacterial growth in just 15 min and 30 min at low concentrations (3.75 and 0.45 µM). The minimal inhibitory concentration of the porphyrin increased in the presence of reactive oxygen species scavengers, indicating that singlet oxygen and radical species likely participated in the photo-oxidation mechanism. In addition, the checkerboard assay that tests the association of compounds, showed a synergistic effect, suggesting a potentiation of the antibacterial effect when porphyrin was tested in combination with ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. Thus, tetra-cationic porphyrins containing platinum(II) complexes are promising agents for microbial photo-inactivation as an alternative therapy against infections.

Rhodamine B dye degradation using used face masks-derived carbon coupled with peroxymonosulfate

Catalytic carbon materials from used face masks (UFM) activated by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were developed for the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye in aqueous solution. The UFM-derived carbon (UFMC) catalyst had a relatively large surface area as well as active functional groups and promoted the generation of singlet 1O2 and radicals from PMS, giving a high RhB degradation performance (98.1% after 3 h) in the presence of 3 mM PMS. The UFMC could degrade only 13.7% at a minimal RhB dose of 10−5 M. The principal reactive oxygen species of sulphate (SO4•), hydroxyl radicals (•OH), and singlet 1O2 were discovered using electron paramagnetic resonance and radical scavenger studies. Finally, a toxicological plant and bacterial study was performed to demonstrate the potential non-toxicity of the degraded RhB water sample.

Heavy Metals, Halogenated Hydrocarbons, Phthalates, Glyphosate, Cordycepin, Alcohol, Drugs, and Herbs, Assessed for Liver Injury and Mechanistic Steps.

Aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, mercury, nickel, thallium, titanium, zinc, carbon tetrachloride, phthalates, glyphosate, alcohol, drugs, and herbs are under discussion having the potential to injure the human liver, but allocation of the injury to the hepatotoxicant as exact cause is difficult for physicians and requires basic clinical knowledge of toxicology details. Liver injury occurs at a variable extent depending on the dose, mostly reproducible in animal models that allow studies on molecular steps leading to the hepatocellular injury. These exogenous hepatotoxins may cause an overproduction of reactive oxidative species (ROS), which are generated during microsomal or mitochondrial oxidative stress from incomplete oxygen split and trigger the injury if protective antioxidant capacities are reduced. Primary subcelluar target organelles involved are liver mitochondria through lipid peroxidation of membrane structures and the action of free radicals such as singlet radical 1O2, superoxide radical HO•2, hydrogen peroxide H2O2, hydroxyl radical HO•, alkoxyl radical RO•, and peroxyl radical ROO•. They attempt covalent binding to macromolecular structural proteins. As opposed to inorganic chemicals, liver injury due to chemicals with an organic structure proceedes via the hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 with its different isoforms. In sum, many exogenous chemicals may have the potential of liver injury triggerd by overproduced ROS leading primarily to impairment of mitochondial functions in the course of structural mitochondial membrane dearrangement. As clinical data were often incomplete, future clinical prototols should focus on meeting liver injury criteria, exclusion of alternative causes, a robust causality evaluation management, and obtaining liver histology if clinically indicated and of benefit for the patient.

Excited State and Transient Chemistry of a Perylene Derivative (DBP). An Untold Story.

Transient chemistry of sensitizing dyes is important to obtain insights into the photochemical conversion processes of light harvesting assemblies. We have now employed transient absorption spectroscopy (pulsed laser and pulse radiolysis) to characterize the excited state and radical intermediates of a perylene derivative, (5,10,15,20-Tetraphenylbisbenz[5,6]indeno[1,2,3-cd:1',2',3'-lm]perylene (DBP). The distinguishable transient absorption features for the singlet and triplet excited states and radical anion and radical cation provide spectral fingerprints to identify the reaction intermediates in photochemical energy and electron transfer processes of composite systems involving DBP. For example, identifying these transients in the energy transfer processes of the rubrene-DBP system would aid in establishing their role as annihilator-emitter for triplet-triplet annihilation up-conversion (TTA-UC). The transient characterization thus serves as an important mechanistic fingerprint for elucidating mechanistic details of systems employing DBP in optoelectronic applications.

Porphyrin@Lignin nanoparticles: Reusable photocatalysts for effective aqueous degradation of antibiotics

The aqueous photocatalyzed degradation of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), highly prescribed antibiotics, often found in hospital wastewaters and/or surface/ground waters in high concentrations, is described, using a 400 W medium pressure mercury lamp as irradiation source, air as oxidant and a porphyrin based photocatalyst. The new photocatalyst was prepared by encapsulation of stable meso-tetra(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrin photosensitizer into acetylated lignin nanoparticles, which are derived from a bio-based cellulose industry byproduct. This is a reusable stable catalyst (after at least 7 cycles, no loss of activity or degradation/leaching, was observed) capable of promoting the nearly complete degradation of TMP and SMX antibiotics, with unprecedented total organic carbon (TOC) removal, namely 75 % and 85 %, respectively. Mechanistic studies of these reactions, using singlet oxygen and radical scavengers, followed by HPLC-MS analysis allowed the identification of only two residual TMP photoproducts.

Insights into the pollutant electron property inducing the transformation of peroxymonosulfate activation mechanisms on manganese dioxide

Herein, using manganese dioxide octahedral molecular sieve (Mn-OMS) as the catalyst, we investigate how pollutant electron property affects the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation mechanism. More than 95% of electron-rich pollutants are degraded in the Mn-OMS/PMS system after 30 min reaction time, but oxidative decomposition of electron-poor pollutants takes at least 150 min. This difference in reaction rate is proved to be pollutant-dependent. We then combine multiple methods to cross-validate the PMS activation mechanism, including the quenching test, EPR characterization, solvent-exchange experiment, PMS decomposition rate test, and electrochemical analysis. Catalyst-mediated electron transfer is determined as the main activation mechanism for electron-rich pollutants degradation, while removal of electron-poor pollutants relies on singlet oxygen (1O2) and/or radicals. Additionally, the PMS activation mechanism depends on whether H2O or pollutants or low-valence Mn ions preferentially transfer electrons to the adsorbed PMS. This work provides mechanistic insights into the effect of pollutants type on PMS activation.

Selective degradation of sulfamethoxazole by N-doped iron-based carbon activated peroxymonosulfate: Collaboration of singlet oxygen and high-valent iron-oxo species

Fe-based catalysts activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH) and sulfate radicals (SO4−) have attracted widespread interest to efficient degrade contaminants. However, their limitations, including the leaching of metals and the instability of free radicals, are still thorny issues that plague researchers. In this study, an N-doped graphite catalyst (Fe-NC-4) was developed to activate PMS for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy found that FeN active site was evenly distributed in the catalyst, and the iron leached under any experimental conditions was far below the instrument detection limit. Fe-NC-4 performed superior capacity in PMS activation, as evidenced by approximately 100% degradation of SMX after 10 min of treatment. Multiple experiments confirmed that OH, SO4−, and superoxide radical (O2−) exerted negligible contribution. The Fe-NC-4/PMS system degraded SMX mainly through non-radical pathway of singlet radical (1O2) and high-valent iron-oxo species (Fe(Ⅳ)O). Moreover, the Fe-NC-4/PMS system had satisfactory stability in natural water and showed excellent selective oxidation of different contaminants. This work will shed new light on effective PMS activation by Fe-based catalysts to efficiently degrade aqueous contaminants via the non-radical pathway.

Nitrogen doped Cu/Fe@PC derived from metal organic frameworks for activating peroxymonosulfate to degrade Rhodamine B

Nitrogen doped Cu/Fe@PC (Cu/Fe@PC-N) nanocomposite with core-shell structure was successfully prepared by one-step pyrolysis with g-C3N4 doped Cu/Fe-MOF. It was used as catalyst to active peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade rhodamine B. The degradation of rhodamine B was a microelectrolysis-Fenton-like degradation process dominated by adsorption and PMS activation with non-free radical singlet oxygen (1O2). It was mainly realized by cracking, ring opening and mineralization of chromophore group. Within 30 min, the degradation efficiency of 50 mg/L RhB reached 100%, and the rate constant reached 0.5307 min-1. The excellent performance of Cu/Fe@PC-N catalyst was attributed to the synergistic effect of Cu and Fe. The doping of Cu not only accelerated the electron transmission and promoted the effective reduction of Fe2+, but also formed a circulating system of Fe2+/Fe3+ and Cu+/Cu2+, which ensured the efficient catalytic activity of the catalyst. This study provides some insights for pollutants degradation by microelectrolysis-Fenton-like system.

Manipulating the morphology of 3D flower-like CoMn2O4 bimetallic catalyst for enhancing the activation of peroxymonosulfate toward the degradation of selected persistent pharmaceuticals in water

A 3D flower-like CoMn2O4catalyst was synthesized via hydrothermal-calcination technique as peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activator for the remediation of pharmaceuticals, exemplified by antibiotics tetracycline (TC) in aqueous solutions. TC degradation in the CoMn2O4-PMS system took place over a broad pH range of 5 to 9. Different water matrices (tap water and lake water) did not affect the efficiency of CoMn2O4/PMS system. Multiple uses of CoMn2O4did not alter the surface properties and catalytic TC degradation efficiency. The dissolution of component metal ions was below the allowable drinking water standard. Carbon oxidation state was increased from −0.51 to 1.2, indicating high degree of mineralization. Non-radical, specifically singlet oxygen, and radical, namely, hydroxyl and sulfate radical, contributed 30.6% and 68.4% to TC degradation, respectively. The CoMn2O4-PMS system was efficient in the degradation of several pharmaceuticals, including tetracycline, SMX, Cipro CIP and BPA.

Cationization to boost both type I and type II ROS generation for photodynamic therapy

The pursuing of photosensitizers (PSs) with efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) especially type I ROS generation in aggregate is always in high demand for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoimmunotherapy but remains to be a big challenge. Herein, we report a cationization molecular engineering strategy to boost both singlet oxygen and radical generation for PDT. Cationization could convert the neutral donor-acceptor (D-A) typed molecules with the dicyanoisophorone-triphenylamine core (DTPAN, DTPAPy) to their A-D-A′ typed cationic counterparts (DTPANPF6 and DTPAPyPF6). Our experiment and simulation results reveal that such cationization could enhance the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature, promote the intersystem crossing (ISC) processes, and increase the charge transfer and separation ability, all of which work collaboratively to promote the efficient generation of ROS especially hydroxyl and superoxide radicals in aggregates. Moreover, these cationic AIE PSs also possess specific cancer cell mitochondrial targeting capability, which could further promote the PDT efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we expect this delicate molecular design represents an attractive paradigm to guide the design of type I AIE PSs for the further development of PDT.

Strongly Entangled Triplet Acyl-Alkyl Radical Pairs in Crystals of Photostable Diphenylmethyl Adamantyl Ketones.

Radical pairs generated in crystalline solids by bond cleavage reactions of triplet ketones offer the unique opportunity to explore a frontier of spin dynamics where rigid radicals are highly entangled as the result of short inter-radical distances, large singlet-triplet energy gaps (ΔEST), and limited spin-lattice relaxation mechanisms. Here we report the pulsed laser generation and detection of strongly entangled triplet acyl-alkyl radical pairs generated in nanocrystalline suspensions of 1,1-diphenylmethyl 2-ketones with various 3-admantyl substituents. The sought-after triplet acyl-alkyl radical pairs could be studied for the first time in the solid state by taking advantage of the efficient triplet excited state α-cleavage reactions of 1,1-diphenylmethyl ketones and the slow rate of CO loss from the acyl radicals, which would have to generate highly unstable phenyl and primary alkyl radicals or relatively unstable secondary and tertiary alkyl radicals. With the loss of CO prevented, the lifetime of the triplet acyl-alkyl radical pair intermediates is determined by intersystem crossing to the singlet radical pair state, which is followed by immediate bond formation to the ground state starting ketone. Experimental results revealed biexponential kinetics with long-lived components that account for ca. 87-92% of the transient population and lifetimes that extend to the range of 53-63 μs, the longest reported so far for this type of radical pair. Structural information inferred from the starting ketone will make it possible to analyze the affects of proximity and orientation of the singly occupied orbitals and potentially help set a path for the use of triplet radical pairs as qubits in quantum information technologies.

Terbium-Based AGuIX-Design Nanoparticle to Mediate X-ray-Induced Photodynamic Therapy.

X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy is based on the energy transfer from a nanoscintillator to a photosensitizer molecule, whose activation leads to singlet oxygen and radical species generation, triggering cancer cells to cell death. Herein, we synthesized ultra-small nanoparticle chelated with Terbium (Tb) as a nanoscintillator and 5-(4-carboxyphenyl succinimide ester)-10,15,20-triphenyl porphyrin (P1) as a photosensitizer (AGuIX@Tb-P1). The synthesis was based on the AGuIX@ platform design. AGuIX@Tb-P1 was characterised for its photo-physical and physico-chemical properties. The effect of the nanoparticles was studied using human glioblastoma U-251 MG cells and was compared to treatment with AGuIX@ nanoparticles doped with Gadolinium (Gd) and P1 (AGuIX@Gd-P1). We demonstrated that the AGuIX@Tb-P1 design was consistent with X-ray photon energy transfer from Terbium to P1. Both nanoparticles had similar dark cytotoxicity and they were absorbed in a similar rate within the cells. Pre-treated cells exposure to X-rays was related to reactive species production. Using clonogenic assays, establishment of survival curves allowed discrimination of the impact of radiation treatment from X-ray-induced photodynamic effect. We showed that cell growth arrest was increased (35%-increase) when cells were treated with AGuIX@Tb-P1 compared to the nanoparticle doped with Gd.