Single-wire System Research Articles

Промысел командорского кальмара Beryteuthis magister (Berry, 1913) в российской зоне Японского моря

The process of fishing for the Commander squid and its features related to the hydrology of the Sea of Japan are considered. The areas and time of fishing in the Russian zone have been determined. The periodicity of the approach of commercial aggregations of the Commander squid by months along the continental slopes from the south of Western Sakhalin to the north of the Tatar Strait and further along the coast of Primorye to the south was revealed. Studies of the processes of interaction between trawls and aggregations of squid showed a calm behavior of the squid when interacting with the trawl and the squid leaving at a low speed into the pelagial. This made it possible to determine the choice of the parameters of the net cloths in the front part of the trawls (mesh pitch 100 mm and 60 mm), the speed of trawling more than 3 knots, as well as the minimum vertical openings of bottom trawls of 10-12 m. A scheme for the operation of small vessels using a single-wire system is proposed.

Simulation of particle accumulation in high gradient magnetic separation based on static buildup model (SBM)

Static buildup model (SBM) is an analytical approach to predict upstream buildup profile of circular matrix in high-gradient magnetic separation (HGMS). But it was confined to single-wire system in idealized fluid and magnetic field, and was not applicable for more complicated or generalized systems. As better separation performance can be obtained by introducing composite force field or employing novel structural matrices in HGMS, it is necessary to develop models that are more adaptable for predicting particle buildup. In this paper, a simulation model based on SBM was developed to extend its application to complicated situation. The boundary of the buildup was updated by judging whether a particle released from locations near buildup surface would stay or not. And a characterized thickness within boundary layer was proposed to ensure that the released particles were subjected to forces of the same expression as that in SBM. The established model was proved to obtain close results with SBM when HGMS system was in idealized condition. Experimental results testified the model’s ability to predict saturated buildup profile of both circular and elliptic matrices in a realistic system. Since fluid and magnetic field information are processed by the simulation software, this model is also believed applicable for more complicated conditions such as multi-wire system and novel structure matrix system, which will be investigated in follow-up studies.

Solving Power and Control Using Wireless Transmission Systems for Hard to Access Electrochemical Sensors

The Industrial setting is considered as a harsh environment for sensors. These sensors form the part of the Industrial internet of things (IIoT). For the IIoT to materialize, the simultaneous power supply and electronic control of electrochemical sensors is one of the major challenges. This can be solved using the concept of simultaneous wireless power and data transmission (WPDT). The authors present a brief overview of the coupling based wireless power transmissions and wave-based systems. The authors lay special emphasis on the Zenneck wave (ZW) and single wire (SW) transmission systems. Both ZW and SW systems have specific advantages over existing methods when supplying power and data to electrochemical sensors under industrial settings where metal forms the bulk of the environment. Traditional wireless systems undergo power and signal loss due to Faraday-shielding, whereas ZW and SW system operate effectively under these conditions. The authors demonstrate that a power of 40 watts can be successfully transmitted across metal shielded environments. This kind of power supply is desirable for wireless potentiostats.

Distal Anchoring Technique in Single Wire System Using Novel Short Track Sliding Balloon Catheter.

Distal Anchoring Technique in Single Wire System Using Novel Short Track Sliding Balloon Catheter.

Boosting the Energy Efficiency of a Nanosecond Pulsed Corona Plasma System With a Multiple-Wire Plasma Reactor

Transient plasma generated by high-voltage nanosecond pulses in a pulsed corona configuration has proven to be an efficient medium for e.g., air purification applications. In this article, we present a study on boosting the energy efficiency of such a system by using a special type of plasma reactor: the multiple-wire plasma reactor. The basic principle of such a reactor is that it has a lower transmission-line impedance than a normal wire-cylinder reactor while at the same time still producing the required high electric fields necessary for plasma generation. The lower impedance of the reactor results in a smaller impedance mismatch between the high-voltage pulse source and the reactor, thereby minimizing pulse reflections on the source-reactor interface, increasing the energy efficiency of the system. We calculate the impedance of the multiple-wire reactor and assess both the electrical energy efficiency as well as the chemical efficiency of the plasma by measuring electrical energies and ozone concentrations generated by the plasma when energized by a fast solid-state nanosecond pulse source (with 7-ns rise time pulses of up to 20kV) for a range of multiple-wire plasma reactor parameters. We show that with the multiple-wire reactor we can almost double the energy efficiency of the reactor (from 45% to 85%), reduce the voltage stress in the system by 29%–31% and increase the system efficiency by 95%–98% when using a multiple-wire electrode geometry (as compared to a single-wire system).

Vibration Analysis of FR-2 Damper Based on ANSYS

The finite element model of FR-2 damper is established, and its natural frequency is gained by calculating. The finite element model of the wire is established, and the first-order natural frequency and mode shape are gained by calculating. The feasibility of the model is verified by comparison with theoretical calculation results. The aeolian vibration of the single-wire system and the FR-2 damper-wire system were simulated and their results were compared. The concept of vibration suppression rate was proposed to measure the suppression effect of the damper on the wire vibration.

Test results of the resonant single-wire power transmission system for induction heating of the switch rail

The article provides results of tests of a resonant single-wire power transmission system for induction heating of a switch rail in the organization of train traffic in difficult winter climatic conditions.Laboratory tests have shown the possibility and feasibility of applying heating by an induction method based on a resonant system for transmitting electricity at an increased frequency. Induction heating occurs in the metal due to the excitation of electric currents by an alternating electromagnetic field. With induction heating, only the conductive body is heated, and not the heating element. In the surface layer, called the penetration depth, 86 % of the total power is released, which saves energy. At resonance, active and reactive energy is used.In the experiment a resonant single-wire system for transmitting electrical energy was used to power the induction heaters of the switch rail. Electrical and thermal parameters of the induction heating system were measured. Its advantages over the rail heating system with tubular electric heating elements (TEH) are considered. Developed equipment operates according to the principle of “direct heating”, which allows to increase the heating rate or reduce electricity consumption at the same heating rate as compared to TEH. It is possible to use one power converter for several swi tches. Due to its higher heating temperature combined with relatively low power consumption, it is suitable for use in the northern regions. Developed equipment is connected to AC network with a voltage of 380 V and 50 Hz, operating frequency range is 6–10 kHz, power consumption for heating a single object is 6–20 kW, and the voltage on the transmission line is less than 1 kV.

Test results of resonant single wire system transmitting power to the infrastructure objects of the JSC “RZD”

The paper provides test results of pilot sample of resonant single wire transmission system to a distance of 2000 m at a higher frequency. Cable power lines used as the power line based on coaxial cable. Operating principle of resonant single-wire transmission system is based on the use of two resonance transformers with frequency of 5–15 kHz, wire line voltage between the line is 1–10 kV when operating in a resonant mode. Resonant power transformers consist of a resonant circuit and step-up/step-down winding. Resonance system for high efficiency energy transfer system when adjusting all parameters at certain voltage, frequency and load. With the set of equipment, which operates at a frequency of 7–9 kHz and at a voltage of 980 V, power line can transmit electricity on a single transmission line up to 3000 watts. The article describes the possibility of applying a resonant sin-gle-wire power transmission system at a frequency of about 7 kHz for the transmission of electric power up to 3 kW from a stationary power supply system (three-phase voltage is 380 V AC, 50 Hz) for single-phase load, and earthed on the individual earthing inverter. Efficiency of resonant single-wire electric power transmission system increases with increasing load capacity. It can reach 88–91 % directly at the maximum load with efficient conversion equipment. Measurements of electromagnetic fields from unscreened power lines were carried out. The results of the measurements show that the maximum value of the alternating electric field in the frequency range of 2–400 kHz is 100–150 V/m, well below the maximum permissible level. The advantage of the resonance system compared to a single-phase system is in operating at the frequency of 7 kHz.

New Ureteral Access Sheaths: A Double Standard

To investigate the functional characteristics of the traditional and new single-wire ureteral access sheath (UAS) configurations relating to insertion, positioning, tissue injury, and durability. Four UAS were tested: Navigator HD (11/13F, Boston Scientific), Re-Trace (10/12F, Coloplast), Flexor-Parallel (P), and Flexor-Regular (R; 9.5/11.5F, Cook Medical). UASs were evaluated for sharpness-(1) foil perforation, (2) tissue skiving (advancing sheath/dilator against fixed foil or bologna models); rigidity-(3) tip bending, (4) sheath buckling; (5) lubricity (dynamic friction through bologna), (6) dilator removal force, (7) kinking forces (side wall compressive forces), and (8) radiopacity. New UASs were used for each trial. A motorized sliding stage was used, and continuous force measurements were recorded with a Mark-10 digital force gauge. The Navigator HD had the largest external diameter (13.02F). Re-Trace had the longest (51mm) and most flexible tip (0.942 lb, P<.001). Flexor-R had the shortest (23.2mm) and stiffest tip (7.48 lb). The Cook tip perforation forces were highest (0.807 lb), whereas the sheath required the most force (0.25 lb, P<.001) and caused the least damage (4.95mm) when advanced against tissue. Navigator HD had the least frictional resistance (0.14 lb, P<.001). The single-wire systems had the lowest buckling forces (Navigator HD, 0.41 lb; Flexor-R, 0.827 lb; Flexor-P, 0.445 lb; Re-Trace, 1.014 lb; P<.001) and the highest dilator removal forces compared with classic systems (Flexor-P, 1.39 lb; Re-Trace, 1.9 lb; Navigator HD, 0.190 lb; Flexor-R, 0.194 lb; P<.001). The differences in kinking forces and radiopacity were not significant. The Navigator HD was the most slippery and rigid sheath, whereas the single-wire systems had lower buckling forces and required more force to remove their dilators. Cook sheaths appeared the least traumatic.

Roles of interactions in electronic properties of quantum disordered wires

AbstractWe studied electronic transport properties of quantum wires with electron–electron interactions and random potentials. We focus in particular on the roles of the interactions in various situations. In a single wire system the interactions would enhance the random potential effect in some cases while they would suppress it in other cases. Taking analytical and numerical approaches, we clarified the roles in Hubbard wire based on the analysis of 4kF impurity scattering. We also studied the influence of inter‐wire interactions between parallel wires in the presence of random potentials and found a rather different role of the interactions on the localization phenomena. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Possible superconducting mechanism for high Tc in quasi-one-dimensional multiwire structures.

A possible superconducting mechanism for high {ital T}{sub {ital c}} in quasi-one-dimensional multiwire structures is studied. The mechanism is based on the pairing interaction mediated by the multiple modes of acoustic plasmons characteristic to the multiwire array. Due to the small mass of the electrons and the effective plasmon frequency, the electron-electron coupling strength and therefore {ital T}{sub {ital c}} are enhanced in this system. Numerical examples show {ital T}{sub {ital c}} in the 200-K range. The critical temperature of the array is also enhanced over the critical temperature of the single-wire system. This fact stems from the in-phase Coulomb wire-wire coupling.

Trajectories of para- and freeomagnetic particles in HGMS filters with axial configurations

The trajectories of para-and ferromagnetic particles with velocities between 0.04 and 2.5 cm s−1 have been investigated in an HGMS model system with axial configuration. A single-wire system has been observed by a TV system. The trajectories were compared with the ideal (inviscid flow) and laminar (viscous flow) model. The results agree with laminar flow model.

Observation of particle trajectories in an HGMS single-wire system

Trajectories of paramagnetic particles were observed experimentally in single-wire HGMS by means of a television system. The observed trajectories were used as a test for the two models of fluid flow, namely potential (inviscid) flow and laminar (viscous) flow. Results of these measurements which were carried out for small Reynolds numbers (0.1 < Re < 0.5) show that the trajectories near a clean collecting wire are described correctly quantitatively by means of the laminar flow model.

Computer Evaluation of Overhead Equipment for Electric Railroad Traction

The mathematical models and associated computer programs for analyzing a number of designs of overhead equipment such as simple catenary, compound catenary, stitched catenary, tunel equipment, and single-wire system, together with many possible variations are described. The programs are able to deal with up to four pantographs, and the initial conditions assumed are that the wires have their static equilibrium configurations and that the front pantograph is at the beginning of the first span touching the contact wire (or trolley wire) and moving tangentially to it. Any subsequent pantographs reach the beginning of the equipment after the start of the run and are then dealt with appropriately. The output of the programs list the input data, the total percentage contact loss between the panhead and contact wire in each span and the pantograph heights and contact forces at appropriate intervals of time. Graph plots of the pantograph heights and contact forces are also produced. The results of these programs are shown to give satisfactory agreement with previously published results obtained on a scaled model.