Single Web Research Articles

Jump around: Selecting Markov Chain Monte Carlo parameters and diagnostics for improved food web model quality and ecosystem representation

Capturing ecological data variability in food web models is an important step for improving model representation of empirical systems. One approach is to use linear inverse modelling and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (LIM-MCMC) techniques to set up an inverse LIM problem using empirical data constraints, and then sample multiple plausible food webs from the inverse problem using an MCMC algorithm. We describe the set of plausible food webs as an ‘ensemble’ of solutions to the inverse problem sampled with the LIM-MCMC algorithm. The extent of data variability eventually integrated into an ensemble depends on how well the LIM-MCMC algorithm samples the solution space. Algorithm quality can be adjusted via user-defined parameters describing starting points, jump sizes, and number of iterations or food webs produced. However, little information exists on how each LIM-MCMC algorithm parameter affects the degree of empirical data variability introduced into the ensemble. Further, post hoc algorithm quality diagnostics with commonly used trace plots and the coefficient of variation (CoV) rarely address critical aspects of algorithm quality, such as (1) if the returned ensemble successfully targeted the solution space distribution (stationarity), (2) correlation between ensemble solutions (mixing), and (3) if the ensemble contains enough solutions to adequately capture input data variability (sampling efficiency). Therefore, we used several established MCMC convergence diagnostics to (1) quantify how algorithm parameters affect ensemble flow values and if these differences propagate to ecological indicators and (2) evaluate algorithm quality and compare to current evaluation and ecosystem modelling methods. We applied 30 LIM-MCMC algorithm combinations of varying starting points, jump sizes, and number of iterations to solve food web ensembles from a single food web model. We analysed ensembles with Ecological Network Analysis (ENA) to calculate indicators describing system function. Results show that LIM-MCMC algorithm parameters, in particular the jump size, affect ensemble flow values, which propagate to ecological indicators describing different ecosystem function of the same model. Thereafter, comparisons of post hoc diagnostics show that MCMC convergence diagnostics provided more robust estimates of algorithm quality than trace plots and CoV. Together, these findings underpin several novel recommendations to enhance LIM-MCMC algorithm parameter selection and quality assessments applicable to any ecological ensemble network study.

Cb-WoFS: Migrating the Warn-on-Forecast System to the Cloud

Abstract This article provides a brief, technical narrative of the WoFS journey to a cloud-based high-performance computing (HPC) system, including some of the technological challenges encountered and solutions found. Also, discussed are a few new components that are in development for cloud-based Warn-on-Forecast System (cb-WoFS), such as the cloud infrastructure project for managing resources, as well as a new web application that manages cb-WoFS runs. An important initial step in our cloud journey is containerizing all of the compiled applications, such as WRF, GSI, and EnKF and their dependencies like netCDF and MPI. With these applications compiled within an Apptainer container, WoFS can run on any local or cloud-based HPC cluster that supports MPI. Furthermore, an additional software layer was developed that creates and manages cloud vendor resources. This layer, which is referred to as the WoFS framework, contains the workflow required to run cb-WoFS, as well as management for other aspects of cb-WoFS (including but not limited to creation of HPC pools in the end-to-end workflow, runtime notifications, and database management). This additional layer was developed to separate the WoFS business logic from vendor-specific API calls. The WoFS framework exposes features through its service library, which is then referenced by the newly developed cb-WoFS web application and other cloud applications. This makes WoFS a complete end-to-end cloud-based application, where an administrator can launch a model run, manage resources, and view output all within a single web app.

DS Arena

Abstract: DS_ARENA is a single page web application which provides Information about basic data structures this application is based on React which is a java script framework. The main idea behind this application is to learn a new technology like to know more about single page applications along with revising data structures concepts. To provide audience a credible source where they can brush up the basic concept of Data structures. A simple language, interactive images and gif along with an interactive user interface is used to make our application more attractive and user friendly in future we are planning to add a feedback section in our application so that we can imp- prove it according to users feedback. We introduce backend in our application for that we have choose Node Js and in database we have chosen MySQL.

Website for learning-DS Arena

Abstract: DS_ARENA is a single page web application which provides Information about basic data structures this application is based on React which is a java script framework. The main idea behind this application is to learn a new technology like to know more about single page applications along with revising data structures concepts. To provide audience a credible source where they can brush up the basic concept of Data structures. A simple language, interactive images and gif along with an interactive user interface is used to make our application more attractive and user friendly in future we are planning to add a feedback section in our application so that we can imp- prove it according to users feedback. We introduce backend in our application for that we have choose Node Js and in database we have chosen MySQL.

Flexural Strength of RHS Perforated Lean Duplex Stainless Steel Beam at Temperature 24-900ºC

The investigation of stainless steel structures at elevated temperatures is still limited, especially to those focused on the behaviour of perforated beams. Therefore, a numerical study was conducted to investigate the behaviour and strength of cold-formed lean duplex stainless steel (CFLDSS) beams having a single web perforation that failed due to pure bending at temperatures between 24-900oC. In total, 200 square and rectangular hollow sections (RHSs), which had various cross-section sizes, hole diameters, and temperature simulations, were involved in the parametric study. The numerical study was based on the ABAQUS simulation results of the 200 specimens. The numerical model was developed based on the validated existing studies. Numerical evaluations show that the existing codified strength predictions are conservative, but it has inconsistent safety. Hence, this study suggests modifications to the existing strength prediction, which is more conservative and reliable.

Design and Implementation of Smart Petrol Station

The problem that still exists nowadays with the petrol station is the method of operation because the petrol station is currently operated manually. As it is a time-consuming process that increases manpower, other problems are related to accuracy, gasoline smuggling, fluctuations in global oil prices, sales, database management, environmental pollution and others. Traditional methods of monitoring fuel in petrol station by humans on site are unable to meet the expectations for efficiency, accuracy and cost. Therefore, this paper designs an intelligent system of three filling stations, where the three stations are simultaneously displayed on a single web application, and this IoT-based system is implemented to address all the problems. Therefore, this paper presents the design and implementation of three petrol stations in which we are going to measure the level of fuel and show it to central server. internet of things (IoT) based petrol station monitoring system is a good approach to improve monitoring efficiency and to improve management efficiency in stations remotely. simulation results presented in LabVIEW software showed the ability of the system to monitor levels of petrol, detect fire, evaporation and etc.

A Fluid Situation

Manufacturers have run into a few roadblocks when bringing Industry 4.0 initiatives to their fluid dispensing operations. Now, however, process engineers can programme and access full process data from multiple fluid dispensers through a single PLC or web interface.

ВПЛИВ ЦИФРОВИХ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЙ НА СФЕРУ ПУБЛІЧНИХ ПОСЛУГ

One of the strategic goals of the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine is to transfer 90% of public services to an online format by 2024 so that the majority of Ukrainians can use online services and other digital products. Providing public services in an online format increases their accessibility for the population, saves resources of the state and communities, reduces the influence of the "human" factor and reduces corruption risks. In Ukraine, a lot of work has already been done in this direction: a large number of public services have been transferred to the online format, mobile applications have been developed for them, and work is underway to popularize their use among the population. However, a number of issues related to the integration of existing and new services into a single web portal and increasing the level of digital literacy of the population remain unsolved. Such a situation actualizes the topic of the selected research. Purpose of the study is to study the impact of digital transformations on the sphere of public services of the national economy. The research hypothesis is the interpretation of the digital economy as an important tool for increasing the availability of public services for various population groups and promoting their inclusiveness. In the process of research, methods of a system approach and data summarization were used to study the impact of digital transformations on the sphere of public services. In addition, general scientific and empirical methods and tools of economic science, methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison, summary and grouping were used. The processes of penetration of digital technologies into the system of providing public services at the regional level have been studied, the most popular types of public services that can be obtained today with the help of digital technologies have been singled out: SRCSA services (state registration of civil status acts); registration of FOP; accrual for registration of e-pensions; electronic driver's office; HELSI (doctor's appointment, medical card, e-prescriptions and treatment plan); state land cadaster, etc. During the research, it was established that the vast majority of the analyzed types of electronic services were integrated into «Dia». But there are still a number of electronic services that work autonomously. It is proposed to focus further development of the field of electronic services on: systematic expansion of the list of services provided online; integration of online services for the provision of electronic services into a single portal «Dia»; system modernization of the mobile application of the single portal «Dia» taking into account innovations; increasing the level of cyber security; expanding the possibility of connecting to the Internet; increasing the level of digital literacy of citizens. Further research should be focused on assessing the level of accessibility and quality of electronic public services.

ЦИФРОВІ ДИВІДЕНДИ ДІДЖИТАЛІЗАЦІЇ СИСТЕМИ УПРАВЛІННЯ ПУБЛІЧНИМИ ФІНАНСАМИ

The article examines and summarizes scientific approaches to the advantages and opportunities of implementing digital technologies in public finance management, which includes understanding the economic and social benefits that arise from digital decision-making, such as increased transparency, increased trust and increased efficiency. resource management. It was found that the transition to digital public finance management not only contributes to a more transparent and accountable government but also contributes to better decision-making processes and improved service delivery to the public. It analyzes in detail how digitalization ensures fiscal transparency, which increases the efficiency of the use of budget funds and public procurement processes with the help of modern digital tools, such as a single web portal for the use of public funds or an electronic public procurement system, and also positively affects the financial security of the state. In addition, the article examines the strengthening of the democratic participation of the public in the budget process, in particular, based on the implementation of the practice of participatory budgeting, to take into account the needs of citizens in public goods and services. It is emphasized that digitalization not only increases the quality of public services but also increases the effectiveness of budget policy as a whole. In addition, the significant impact of digital changes in the public finance management system on the growth of tax revenues and significant time savings of tax officials, other financial services, as well as taxpayers, which leads to an overall increase in productivity, has been investigated. The main focus is on the challenges that can hinder the successful realization of digital opportunities, including cyber security, digital divide issues, institutional capacity, etc., which require an integrated approach that takes into account technological, social, and regulatory aspects. It is emphasized that the successful implementation of digital dividends of digitalization of the public finance management system requires cooperation between the government, the private sector, and civil society.

A Review Paper on Air Canvas Application and Text-to-Speech System using Deep Learning

Air Handwriting is one of the growing technologies in day by day life. Air handwriting enables user to write in air by using finger movements. The web camera detects the finger movements and converts it into readable format. This will be the natural way of communication with computer system. This will remove the need of physical input devices like keyboard, touchscreen and digital pen. This paper aims to provide an effective platform for both communication and practicing. The existing system has some disadvantages that are overcome in this paper. The existing system requires multiple fingers for writing. But using multiple fingers for different tasks like writing, changing color and erasing is complicated thing to remember. A strong, robust and efficient algorithm is proposed that will extract all the air writing trajectories or curves that are collected using a single web camera. The algorithm avoids restrictions on user’s writing without using a delimiter and an imaginary box. The deep learning CNN algorithms are also used for converting hand written text into user readable text. Additionally, Optimizing algorithms for efficiency can help ensure smooth and responsive performance

INCREASING THE TRANSPARENCY OF THE BUDGET PROCESS OF UKRAINE IN CURRENT CONDITIONS

The transparency of the budget process is a guarantee of democratic governance and ensures the state's accountability to citizens. In Ukraine, a transparent budget mechanism is being implemented with the participation and active support of civil society. In 2015, a single web portal for the use of public funds "Electronic data" became operational (in 2017, the portal went from test mode to official mode), which became an important tool in the fight against corruption. An analogue of "Electronic data" is the search and analytical system “.007” — an accessible and easy-to-use web service for processing and convenient visual presentation of information on the use of state funds. Also, the state web portal “Budget for citizens” (Open budget) is active and effectively implemented today. It is an official state portal with open data on public finances: state and local budgets. The portal presents a glossary of budget terms, provides information about the budget process and its participants, and presents indicators of state and local budgets. The implementation of the principles of publicity and transparency guarantees a reliable budget, ensuring public trust in the state budget policy, and also increases revenues to the budgets of various levels and strengthens state control.

Experimental investigation using demountable steel-concrete composite reduced web section (RWS) connections under cyclic loads

This paper presents an experimental study of demountable steel-concrete composite reduced web section (RWS) connections for use in seismic areas. Four composite connection specimens were subjected to sagging and hogging moments to investigate the performance of RWS connections under reversible actions. For such purpose, a single web opening was created near the beam-column joint. Focus was made on the effects of perforation location and composite beam-slab action induced by bolted shear studs within the protected zone. Results indicate that employing RWS connections for seismic retrofit is a viable solution capable of achieving a performance similar to that observed for RBS connections in new buildings. Notably, a Vierendeel Mechanism is formed, allowing for plasticity development in the beam. All RWS connections were capable of achieving an interstory drift larger than 4%, thereby complying with the performance targets set by ANSI/AISC 358-16, ANSI/AISC 341-16 and EC8. Moreover, the deformation of beam-slab shear-transfer bolts was small enough to allow for disassembly after the tests, indicating that the proposed solution could enable reuse and post-earthquake retrofitting.

Cold-formed stainless steel beams with single web hole at elevated temperatures

Steel structures are often used in buildings due to their advantage in weight-to-strength ratio. However, their structural capacity deteriorates in fire as the temperature of the structures rises. Investigation of cold-formed stainless steel (CFSS) structures at elevated temperatures is still limited, especially for rectangular hollow section (RHS) beams having a single web hole in the mid-span (perforated web). Therefore, a numerical investigation was conducted to evaluate the current design provisions to calculate the strength of such beams at elevated temperatures ranging from 22 - 900 °C. A total of 400 specimens of stainless steel grades austenitic (EN 1.4301) and lean duplex (EN 1.4162) were considered. The investigation used finite element analysis (FEA) to simulate the behaviour of RHS beams with perforated web under pure bending. The finite element (FE) model was validated against a series of experimental results available in literature. The comparison between flexural strengths obtained from FEA with design values calculated from the current design rules showed that the design rules are conservative. However, they are not always reliable and safe for RHS beams without and with a perforated web for the two material grades at elevated temperatures. In this study, only the design rules specified by Eurocode 3 are shown to be reliable and safe.

Abstract 224: Morphological characteristics of carotid webs associated with stroke risk and clot burden

Introduction Carotid webs (CaWs) have been established as an ischemic stroke etiology although lesion characteristics that may lead to increased stroke risk are still uncertain (1). We aim to evaluate the associations between CaW morphological features evaluated via computed tomography angiography (CTA) with clinical and radiological variables. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected mechanical thrombectomy database. Individuals that presented with a suspected symptomatic CaW since July 2014 were selected after appropriate workup. The database included symptomatic CaW, asymptomatic CaW contralateral to the symptomatic side in case of bilateral lesions, and incidentally identified CaW (asymptomatic patients). We recorded the following CaW variables (Figure 1): length, base, thickness, caudal/middle/cranial angles in relationship to the vessel axis, area as well as perimeter of the pocket. We used mixed‐effects models to compare measurements between symptomatic and asymptomatic webs in the complete sample and paired Wilcoxon tests to compare webs of individuals with contralateral, symptom‐discordant CaW. Measurements were evaluated against clot burden via Poisson regression.a Results 118 webs (85 symptomatic and 33 asymptomatic) from 98 stroke patients were included. Median [IQR] for age was 52[42‐58] years old, 69.0% were female, 68.4% presented with a single symptomatic web, 18.4% had both a symptomatic and an asymptomatic web, 11.2% had only an asymptomatic web, whereas 2.0% had bilaterally asymptomatic webs. Symptomatic CaW were significantly larger in length (2.5mm[2.1‐3.5] vs. 2.2mm[1.7‐2.7];p=0.004) and pocket area (1.5mm²[0.9‐2.6] vs. 0.9 mm²[0.2‐1.3];p=0.007) compared to the asymptomatic lesions. The cranial angle was more acute for symptomatic CaW (66.9°[57.1°‐78.4°] vs. 76.2°[66.9°‐88.7°];p=0.046). No other significant associations were noted. Among the 18 patients who were analyzed for contralateral/symptom‐discordant webs, symptomatic CaW also showed more extensive lengths (2.9mm[2.3‐4.0] vs. 2.2mm[1.6‐3.1];p=0.009) but less acute rostral angles (33.1°[25.3°‐43.5°] vs. 27.9°[16.8°‐35.9°]) than their asymptomatic counterparts. Among symptomatic webs, clot burden was not significantly associated with base, length, thickness, perimeter or pocket area. Nevertheless, each 15° increase in the angle within the pocket was associated with a 1.1‐fold increase in clot burden (exp(β) = 1.1(95%CI1.0‐1.2), p = 0.044) for each 15° increase), with more obtuse angles indicating a higher intracranial vessel occlusion thrombus load. Conclusion Symptomatic carotid webs displayed larger lengths and pocket areas as compared to asymptomatic lesions. The angles that determine pocket area and degree of stenosis differed between symptomatic and asymptomatic webs.

한국 차-연대기 문헌 DB 구축 및 웹서비스 구현

A Korean Tea-Historical Literature DB was constructed, collating information related to tea from eight historical texts, including the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. Data were gathered from existing historical literature DB and web services. After processing, verification, and tag input, 53,679 historical literature data entries related to tea were created. This DB construction centralizes previously dispersed reading services into a single web service. Features such as literature title, time, and tag-based search functionality; assignment of attribute tags to data; search linkage through original source links; and a bookmark function were incorporated to enhance user convenience. The outcomes of this research support studies in the related fields, and it is believed that by accumulating and improving accessibility to tea-related literature, contributions can be made to the preservation and education of Korean traditional tea as a food resource and cultural heritage.

Role of digital media in vaccination promotion. Second report on VaccinarSinToscana.org experience

Abstract Background Since March 27, 2017, the Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, has been managing and editing an online portal of medical and scientific information, focused on preventive health care and vaccinations: “VaccinarSinToscana.org” (Get vaccinated in Tuscany). The aim of this study is to analyze website's consultation activity over the past four years by single users, visits and single webpage consultation. Methods VaccinarSinToscana website activity during the study period April 01, 2019-March 31, 2023 was investigated using Google Analytics. Microsoft Excel was used for data analysis. Results During the study period 365,070 new single users visited the portal and nearly 15% of them entered more than once for about 447,000 sessions. A total of 815,800 single web pages were visited individually, with an average of 2.23 web pages consulted per visit and an average session duration of 58 seconds. The largest increase in visits occurred in January 2021-June 2021 with the highest peak in March (155,737 single web pages). The most visited pages were about the national vaccination calendar, regional vaccine clinics, and the types of anti-COVID-19 vaccines available (particularly, the viral vector vaccines). Analysis of socio-demographic characteristics showed that the users most attracted to web consultation were female (57%) and the most ‘digital’ age group was 25-34 (24%). Other age groups account for 14% (18-24 years), 22% (35-44 years), 17% (45-54 years), 13% (55-64 years), and 11% (over 64 years). Mobile phones were the most used devices to access the portal (69%), personal computers for 28% and tablets for 3%. Conclusions The analysis of web pages consultation trend showed a relevant exponential increase of visits in the period January 2021-June 2021. The greatest interest of users, in this period marked by the early stages of the national SARS-CoV-2 vaccination campaign, was for searching news regarding anti-COVID-19 vaccination. Key messages • Institutional websites with evidence-based information could be useful tools for users to increase public confidence in vaccination. • The anti-COVID-19 vaccine campaign has increased website visit, demonstrating how this period has been characterized by curiosity, doubt, and citizens’ search for more information.

Comparing traditional check-all-that-apply (CATA) and implicit response time Go/No-go approaches for profiling consumer emotional response when tasting food

Adapting implicit approaches to capture consumer responses when tasting foods is of recent interest in sensory and consumer science. Implicit consumer responses are reported to be more spontaneous than explicitly gathered data. Traditionally, emotional response to foods is captured using explicit methods like check-all-that-apply (CATA). The present study aimed to compare an implicit response time (IRT) Go/No-go approach with traditional CATA to profile consumer emotional responses. Participants (n = 104) were consumers of, or willing to consume, cow’s milk and plant-based milk alternatives (PBMA). Emotional responses for two cow milk and five PBMA products were evaluated across two sessions using IRT and CATA. The cow milk products were replicated across the sessions to allow consistency of response across sessions to be evaluated for each method. Data were collected using a bespoke single page web application (JavaScript, ECMA 2015). Data consistency across sessions (Spearman correlation (ρ)), emotion selection frequency (ρ and generalised linear models) and product discrimination (linear mixed models and correspondence analysis) were compared across the IRT and CATA approaches. Results showed high data consistency from both IRT and CATA across the two sessions (ρ > 0.89). Emotion selection frequency was also comparable across IRT and CATA. Interestingly, CATA was differentiating more between cow’s milk products and IRT within the PBMA space. However, further investigations showed that fewer participants provided different responses in CATA than when under time pressure in the IRT Go/No-go. Additional investigations on the performance of explicit versus implicit methods, or their combination, are required across different product matrices to identify the optimum approach to capture consumer product experience.

Pemanfaatan Web Online Single Submission (OSS) Untuk Pembuatan NIB Dalam Meningkatkan Umkm Keluarga Islami di Desa Taro’an

The activities of the University of Madura Real Work Lecture Program (KKN) in Taro'an Village, Tlanakan District, Pamekasan Regency, East Java Province had a positive impact on the development of MSMEs in Taro'an Village. One aspect that is very important in the development of MSMEs is business legality. Business legality has an important role because the legality of a business is a form of granting permits for organizers of business activities that are granted by the competent authority to business actors. With the Online Single Submission web, it makes it easier for business people to make NIB. In Taro'an Village there are 2 excellent SMEs, namely Kripik Tette and Traditional Jamu such as sinom and betel keys. The purpose of this study is to provide an explanation of the importance of making a Business Identification Number (NIB) as an activity for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Taro'an Village. Community Service Lecture (KKN) activities will help provide understanding to the community and introduce NIB. The method used in this activity is to provide an overview of the Business Identification Number (NIB), to help register the Business Identification Number (NIB) on the OSS website for MSME actors in Taro'an Village in order to obtain a Business Identification Number (NIB), and submit Identification Number Business (NIB) for MSME actors in Taro'an Village

A practical multi-tab website fingerprinting attack

The rapid development of Internet of Things technology has allowed a massive number of devices to be connected, resulting in a lot of private data being transmitted over the network. To protect the security and privacy, anonymous communication technologies such as Tor are widely deployed. They use complex mechanisms such as encryption and multi-hop forwarding to hide the communication relationship and content. However, much existing work on the website fingerprinting attack has proven that there is still a risk of privacy disclosure. Website fingerprinting attacks can extract side channel information from encrypted traffic to form a fingerprint that identifies the victim’s destination website. But most work is conducted in the ideal environments, assuming the absence of background traffic, which raises doubts about the effectiveness in the real world. In this paper, we relax the strong assumptions of the attack model and propose a practical multi-tab website fingerprinting attack. We first constructed a CNN model to distinguish whether the unknown traffic is generated by accessing a single web page or multiple web pages. Then we design a split point recognition method based on the BalanceCascade algorithm to separate the overlapping traffic. Furthermore, we build recognition models based on ResNet and multi-head self-attention mechanism to identify the tail-missing and head-overlapping traffic sequences respectively. Extensive experiments are carried out in the real-world scenario to evaluate the proposed method. When the time interval is randomly selected within 5–15s, we achieve an accuracy of 77.34% in split point recognition. And the accuracy of identifying the two pages is 88.19% and 63.02% respectively.

Концепція публічного управління в умовах формування публічно-сервісної держави

The article is devoted to the problem of forming an updated concept of public administration in the conditions of the formation of a public service state in Ukraine. The article analyzes the main prerequisites for the formation of the updated concept of public administration, the historical aspects of the birth of the relevant ideology, the formation of a philosophical and scientific idea regarding the terminological outline of the relevant concepts dedicated to the improvement of management processes in the state. Special attention is paid to the process of debureaucratization of management processes, strengthening of their flexibility, result-orientedness, involvement of the public in them. It is noted that the updated concept of public administration is being formed in the conditions of the formation of a public-service state in Ukraine and the establishment of "people-centrism" as a new philosophy of administrative-legal relations and interaction between the state and its citizens. It has been found that the establishment of "people-centeredness" as a new philosophy of administrative-legal relations and public management presupposes the predominance of the interests of man and society over the interests of the state. Special attention is devoted to the peculiarities of the normative and legal framework of modern public administration, to the search for ways to transform modern legislation in this area. It was found that the ideas of digitalization of the process of providing administrative services, creation of a single state web portal for their provision, rationalization and minimization of the list of documents and procedures used to obtain administrative services became important ideas enshrined in the current legislation of Ukraine. The role of the Ministry of Digital Transformation of Ukraine in the process of forming the updated concept of public administration in Ukraine is characterized. The importance of further work on the implementation of the "Digital State" project, which is actively implemented through the convenient online system "Action", was emphasized. Among the effective tools, the approval of which requires further support from the state, the services for providing electronic permit documents through the "Diya" portal, the electronic court system, electronic voting, etc., are mentioned.