Single-switch DC-DC Converter Research Articles

Single-switch PWM converters for DC-to-DC power with reliability tolerance for battery power purposes

The functioning of fault-tolerant boosted conversions in both good and bad circumstances is covered in this work. The majority of our power plants and automotive applications make extensive use of surge conversions. Every component in a converter is accountable for causing one of the many problem kinds that affect the converter. In order to construct a tolerant of faults DC-DC converter, the reaction of the single switch DC-DC converter under various potential failures was examined. Utilizing a MATLAB Simulink approach, the response of each device across both typical and various potential fault scenarios was derived. The booster converter can also undergo additional heat research to determine how the converters react at various temps.

Review, Properties, and Synthesis of Single-Switch Non-Isolated DC-DC Converters with a Wide Conversion Range.

The cascaded connection of power converters extends conversion ranges but requires careful consideration due to high component count and efficiency concerns, as power is processed redundantly. Furthermore, using several active switches that must be turned on simultaneously may introduce significant drive and control complexity. To overcome this limitation, single-switch quadratic DC-DC converters have been proposed in the literature as a prominent choice for various applications, such as light-emitting diode (LED) drivers. Nevertheless, the motivation behind the conception of such topologies, beyond extending the conversion ratio, remains unclear. Another unexplored issue is the possibility of obtaining single-switch versions of cascaded converters consisting of multiple stages. In this context, this work investigates the synthesis of single-switch non-isolated DC-DC converters for achieving high step-down and/or high step-up based on the graft scheme. Key issues such as the voltage gain, additional stresses on the active switches, component count, and behavior of the input current and output stage current are addressed in detail. An in-depth discussion is presented to identify potential advantages and shortcomings of the resulting structures.

A new lossless passive snubber with simple structure for pulse width modulation DC-DC converters

A new lossless passive snubber for pulse width modulation converters is introduced in this paper. This snubber is established zero current switching condition for main switch in the converters for turning on distance. This snubber does not impose any additional current stress on the switch. The snubber can be applied to all single-switch DC-DC converters. A boost converter with the proposed snubber is analyzed and to verify theoretical analysis a 200 W sample is implemented and tested, also the experimental results are presented. In order to investigate the effect of snubber circuit in the converter in terms of efficiency, the boost converter with the proposed snubber has been compared in terms of efficiency with the conventional boost converter and the results show that the efficiency has increased by about 7% despite the snubber.

A High Gain Single Switch DC-DC Converter with Double Voltage Booster Switched Inductors

A High Gain Single Switch DC-DC Converter with Double Voltage Booster Switched Inductors

Analytical Modeling and Design of 27.12 MHz Single-Switch DC–DC Converter With PCB Transformer

This paper proposes analytical modeling and design of a 27.12 MHz single-switch dc-dc converter with galvanic isolation using a PCB transformer. The ODE-based analytical approach provides a more accurate circuit design by considering the high-order harmonics and non-ideal components such as the diode capacitances. The proposed dimensionless mathematical model simplifies the design of the desired circuit model and requires less tuning procedure. In addition, the effective analytical model offers the design curves to obtain the optimized circuit parameters at any duty ratio. Meanwhile, the multilayer planar PCB transformer is designed to achieve the isolation and high power density for the high-frequency dc-dc converter. Based on Neumann’s formula, the analytical model of the PCB transformer is proposed to calculate the inductances for the spiral structure accurately in the high-frequency conditions. As a result, the computational burden for calculating the coil inductances is alleviated using the proposed method. The simulation and experimental results using a 3W converter prototype verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the analytical modeling and design of the proposed converter.

A Transformerless Boost-Modified Cuk Combined Single-Switch DC-DC Converter Topology with Enhanced Voltage Gain

HIGHLIGHTS Single-switch configuration for the proposed hybrid converter is employed. Static voltage gain of the proposed hybrid topology is improved. Power switch is subjected to low voltage-current stress. The power conversion efficiency of the proposed converter is improved.

Effective Leakage Energy Recycling in High Gain DC-DC Converter With Coupled Inductor

A high voltage gain single switch DC-DC converter with efficient leakage energy recovery is presented in this brief. Effective leakage energy recycling is an important requirement in this class of converters with coupled inductors to overcome the high voltage stress across semiconductor devices. The proposed converter effectively recycles the leakage energy of the coupled inductor through a passive clamp circuit to the load. Hence, the efficiency of the converter is improved considerably. The proposed converter has the lowest switch voltage stress among other similar topologies, thereby making it feasible to select a low rating switch for the same boost gain. The converter has a lower sum of diode voltage stress and improved reverse recovery performance of the output side diode as well. The converter performance has been evaluated on the basis of different factors like efficiency, switch voltage stress, diode voltage stress, etc. The proposed converter performance is compared with that for various competitive topologies and is observed to be performing better. The effect of leakage inductance variation is studied on the gain of the converter. The proposed concept is verified via simulation and experimental prototype.

A new design of single switch DC-DC converter for PEM fuel cell based EV system with variable step size RBFN controller

A new design of single switch DC-DC converter for PEM fuel cell based EV system with variable step size RBFN controller

A New single switch DC-DC converter for PEM fuel cell-based electric vehicle system with an improved beta-fuzzy logic MPPT controller

A New single switch DC-DC converter for PEM fuel cell-based electric vehicle system with an improved beta-fuzzy logic MPPT controller

Design and analysis of global optimization methods for proton exchange membrane fuel cell powered electric vehicle system with single switch DC-DC converter

The Proton Exchange Membrane type Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are playing a major role in the present automotive industry application. The advantages of PEMFC are more reliable, high starting speed, and high efficiency. The PEMFC gives nonlinear V-I and P-I characteristics at diverse operating temperature conditions. As a result, the entire system performance is get reduced. Here, global optimization methodologies are used for the PEMFC system for improving the tracing speed of the Maximum Power Point (MPP). The global optimization methods are classified as Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (IPSO), and Adaptive Cuckoo Search Optimization (ACSO). These techniques are compared at different operating temperature conditions. The merits of global optimization techniques are easy understanding, nonlinear complex problem solving, high efficient, and more reliable when compared to the other classical controllers. The major disadvantage of PEMFC is less output voltage which is step-up by using a single switch boost converter. The proposed fuel cell fed boost converter system is investigated by using a MATLAB/Simulink window.

Single-switch boost-buck DC-DC converter for industrial fuel cell and photovoltaics applications

The realization of dc-dc converters performs a vital function in exploiting renewable energy sources such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and fuel cell applications. This paper demonstrates a single-switch unidirectional buck-boost dc-dc converter for continuous power flow control, excluding the hybrid switched-capacitor. The proposed converter utilizes a limited number of passive components, only four diodes and three inductors required, in addition to six capacitors. The converter can operate at a wide input voltage range with continues input current. The converter has experimented under real-time conditions with 660 W PV system. The obtained efficiency ranges from 93% to 98%. Furthermore, the converter has interfaced with 550 W fuel cell operated under different fuel pressure. The realized efficiency ranges from 91% to 97%. The maximum measured inductance current ripple is limited to under 0.70 A in both scenarios, whereas 0.16 V is the maximum output voltage ripple.

High Voltage Gain Multi-port Bidirectional DC-DC Converter with an Effective Multi-loop Control Strategy for PV/Battery Integrated Systems

This study proposes a novel isolated bidirectional multiport converter (MPC) based on a switched-capacitor converter and a half-bridge converter with an effective control scheme for photovoltaic (PV) powered and battery buffered systems. The proposed power electronics converter interface integrates the converters to which the ports are connected with a battery coupled common dc busbar and high frequency transformer (HFT). Thus, the three-port converter is formed without any need for an additional converter to regulate battery power flow. In addition, to transfer power from a low voltage PV energy unit to the battery and load, a single switch DC-DC converter with high voltage gain is proposed. The power flow between the ports is controlled by an effective multi-loop control scheme that is able to perform a smooth transition between the loops. In order to validate the viability and effectiveness of the proposed MPC, a 3 kW proof-of-concept model has been developed with a 3 kW PV and 220 V 12 Ah battery. The performance of the proposed converter has been analyzed for different case studies, including dynamic operating and loading conditions.

Improvement of Static Voltage Gain of a Non-Isolated Positive Output Single-Switch DC-DC Converter Structure Using a Diode-Capacitor Cell

There are different low switching stress non-isolated DC-DC power converter structures developed for Photo-Voltaic (PV) applications with a view to achieve high voltage conversion ratio. The work proposed in this research article investigates the performance analysis of a coupled inductor and diode-capacitor multiplier cell based non-isolated high gain single-switch DC–DC conversion scheme with a single-ended primary-inductor on the input side. The presented converter suitable for renewable energy applications has the merits such as continuous input current, high voltage conversion ratio, and reduced voltage stress across the power switch. The multiplier cell consisting of two diodes and two capacitors is mainly used to enhance the converter output voltage level. A MATLAB / SIMULINK model of the suggested topology has been developed to validate its performance. During the simulation of the converter, a DC voltage of 50 V was given at the input side. The load end received a DC voltage of approximately 900 V. Thus, through this study, it was found that the addition of diode-capacitor cell can significantly improve the static gain of the suggested converter. The findings of this research may serve as a base for future studies on improvement of voltage gain of DC-DC converters.

Design and Implementation a Single-Switch Step-Up DC-DC Converter Based on Cascaded Boost and Luo Converters

We designed and implemented a single-switch step-up DC-DC converter based on cascaded boost and Luo converters. The proposed converter demonstrated a quadratic voltage gain and a high efficiency, which makes it suitable for renewable energy applications, where a high voltage gain ratio is desired without imposing a high number of bulky items or employing a high duty cycle of the active switches. This converter benefits from the continuity of the input current waveform, which equips the maximum utilisation of renewable energy sources. While a transformer-less high voltage-gain was achieved, the voltage and current stresses of the power switch and diodes were kept low in comparison with the existing quadratic DC-DC converters. We analysed the converter in both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. A non-ideal model of components was considered for power loss and efficiency calculations and comparisons. Finally, the simulation results were extracted with PLECS and validated with experiments on a 120 W prototype.

Design and analysis of fuel cell vehicle-to-grid (FCV2G) system with high voltage conversion interface for sustainable energy production

This study proposes the more effective use of fuel cell (FC) vehicles by providing vehicle-to-grid (V2G) technologies that provide the integration of transportation and electricity networks. The main objective of the current study is to develop an FCV2G system with a high voltage conversion interface for the integration of low voltage FC energy units to utility-grids. To transfer the energy from the fuel cell vehicle (FCV) to the grid/homes with high efficiency, a single-switch high voltage conversion DC-DC converter is proposed, designed and implemented in the FCV2G system. The FCV2G with the proposed converter is analyzed for different operating modes in order to validate the smooth energy transfer with maximum power extraction capability. In the performance section, an FC in the rating of 20 kW (based on Pininfarina Sintesi model) is located in the energy generation unit of FCV2G, and a dynamic load profile is operated for 24 h period. The generated energy from FCV is supplied to consumer loads and electric grids in the rating of 220 Vrms/50 Hz. In the analysis section, during low load consumption, the FCV both meets the energy need of the load, and the excess energy is supplied into the grid. In cases where the homes' energy consumption is higher than the power rating produced by the FCV, the load absorbs the maximum power generated by the FCV and meets the power difference needing from the grid. In the designed model, FCV supplies a 44.06 kW h energy to consumer loads/grids per a day. After the system analysis, economic aspects are supported through energy and profit analysis of the FCV2G system. The results verify that the purchased price from grid-electricity significantly reduces to lower values for daily operation.

Reliability Assessment of Conventional Isolated PWM DC-DC Converters

This paper sets forth the reliability analysis of conventional isolated pulse width modulation DC-DC (IDC-DC) converters. The IDC-DC converters are categorized into isolated single-switch DC-DC (ISSDC-DC) or multiple-switch DC-DC (IMSDC-DC) converters. The proposed framework encompasses analyzing the impacts of duty cycle, input voltage, output power, transformer turns ratio, components characteristics and time duration on the overall reliability performance of the IDC-DC converters. The suggested reliability assessment is centered on Markov models characterized by taking into consideration all open and short circuit faults on the components in both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes. We further investigate the self-embedded fault tolerant capability of the IMSDC-DC converters under open circuit fault scenarios on the switches, diodes and blocking capacitors, where we offer new reliability analytics. Along with extensive analyses and comparisons, several experimental results are provided to verify the self-embedded fault tolerant capability of IMSDC-DC converters.

High Gain Single Switch DC-DC Converter Based on Switched Capacitor Cells

With photovoltaic or fuel cell as a source, the high voltage required at DC bus as input for inverter can be obtained by high gain DC-DC converters. This can be achieved by implementing switched capacitor (SC) cells. Switched capacitors have the ability to produce high static gain and at the same time, they limit the voltage stress across the components. This paper proposes a high static gain, single switch DC converter based on the SC cells to develop high gain. These cells not only boost the voltage gain but also reduce the voltage stress at the active components. This converter also features a single active switch, low input ripple current through the inductor, absence of snubber circuit as the proposed converter does not assist the voltage spike across the active switch. The proposed converter allows high switching frequency and therefore results in a smaller size. The voltage gain can be increased further by adding the switched cells. In this paper, the operation in CCM, DCM, and design of components for the proposed converter is discussed. The MATLAB/SIMLINK and hardware-based studies for the proposed converters have been discussed to validate the specified features.

High-Voltage-Gain Integrated Boost-Sepic DC-DC Converter for Renewable Energy Applications

This paper presents the analysis of a non-isolated high-voltage-gain single-switch dc-dc converter based on the integration of the boost and SEPIC topologies. The converter employs a voltage multiplier at the output of the SEPIC stage, which is connected in series with the output of the boost stage, aiming a high step-up ratio operation with limited duty cycle values. An accurate steady state analysis considering the influence of the leakage inductance of the SEPIC coupled inductor in the energy transfer process is detailed in the paper. The several theoretical results are then used to derive a design methodology for the circuit. Experimental results for a 500 W, 48 V input voltage, 400 V output voltage, 96.3% peak efficiency and 100 kHz switching frequency prototype are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed scheme and to validate the mathematical analysis carried out.

A novel single switch dc-dc converter with high voltage gain capability for solar PV based power generation systems

This paper presents a single switch non-isolated DC-DC converter with high voltage gain capability for solar photovoltaic (PV) applications. The proposed converter is synthesized from passive switched inductor (SI) and switched capacitor (SC) topologies and integrated with an additional voltage boost capacitor to enhance the voltage gain. Due to the converter structure and adopted gain extension technique, the voltage stress on the switch and three diodes is 50% of the output voltage, while the remaining diodes experience a voltage stress of only 25% of the output voltage. Experimental results obtained from a 34 V/380 V, 200 W prototype converter validate the proposed concept, adopted design procedure and illustrates the fact that the proposed converter operates at a full load efficiency of 93%. Further, the proposed converter provides better component utilization compared to some existing converters.

A design of single-switch two-stage DC-DC converters with PWM and PFM for off-grid solar power system

In this paper, a single-switch two-stage DC-DC conversion circuit is proposed for an off-grid solar power application. A photovoltaic(PV) panel powers the load and a storage unit(battery) via the proposed circuit. The battery is designed to balance the supply and the demand of power under different irradiation situations. Based on conventional cascaded DC-DC converters, the proposed design is developed with the single switch technique reducing size, cost and power loss. The control scheme in this design is pulse width modulation(PWM) with pulse frequency modulation(PFM). The PWM module is similar to conventional design except its ramp signal with a variable frequency is provided by a resettable integrator. As a result, the PWM and PFM modules regulate the two stages of the proposed circuit separately with the same switching control signal. In this paper, the modes of operation of the circuit are discussed as well as the control schemes. The design process is described along with the circuit analysis and comparisons with conventional design are made as well. A prototype has been built to verify the proposed circuit with simulation and experimental results.