Single-stage Power Factor Correction Research Articles

Performance and Analysis of PMBLDCM Drive using A Single-Stage PFC Half-Bridge Converter

Because of their excellent torque-to-weight ratio, small size, and great efficiency, Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motors are widely used in a variety of applications. A buck half-bridge DC-DC converter acts as a single-stage PFC for a VSI-driven PMBLDCM powering an air conditioner's compressor. The PFC converter is fed from a single-phase AC main via a diode bridge rectifier. The VSI controls the PMBLDCM speed by adjusting the DC link voltage proportionally. The VSI functions solely as a commutator for the PMBLDCM, with stator current controlled by a rate limiter for speed changes. The PMBLDCM drive, incorporating a voltage-controlled PFC converter, is constructed, modeled, and simulated using the MATLAB-Simulink platform for an air conditioner compressor application. The system utilizes a 1.5 kW, 1500 rpm PMBLDC motor. Evaluation outcomes of the speed control strategy exhibit enhanced efficiency across a broad speed spectrum, showcasing the benefits of the drive system's integrated PFC functionality. Key Words: permanent magnet brushless DC motor, power factor correction converter, electrical drives.

Integrated Boost and Dual-Switch Forward Converters as Soft-Switching Single-Stage PFC Converter

Integrated Boost and Dual-Switch Forward Converters as Soft-Switching Single-Stage PFC Converter

Extension of OCC Controller for High-Voltage-Gain PFC Applications

Single-stage single-switch power factor correction (PFC) rectifiers for high output voltage applications are investigated. Considerations for selecting a power stage for high-gain PFC are suggested and discussed. Accordingly, several candidate topologies for high-step-up DC/DC converters are identified and overviewed. A modified PFC OCC control scheme with extended capabilities is suggested to control the proposed high step-up PFC rectifiers. The proposed controller provides a simple and low-cost solution that can accommodate a wide range of rectifiers. Theoretical analysis is supported by simulation and experiments.

Voltage-Mode Variable-Frequency Controlled LLC Resonant Power Factor Correction Converter and Its Accurate Numerical Calculation Analysis

LLC resonant converter is a good candidate for single-stage ac–dc converter, which can realize both functions of power factor correction (PFC) and output voltage regulation, and contribute to the improvement of conversion efficiency and power density. However, voltage mode (VM) controlled single-stage half-bridge LLC PFC converter has the disadvantages of large dead-zone of input current and hard-switching operation, since there is no current control. Besides, the voltage ripple of input filter brings asymmetrical operation of the converter between the positive and the negative half-switching cycle. In order to solve these problems, this article presents a modified numerical calculation method, which can realize accurate characterization of the asymmetrical behavior of resonant current and voltage. Based on that, the switching frequency of LLC resonant converter for unity power factor (PF) is derived. A method of fitting the switching frequency is proposed to simplify the circuit implementation. A 250-W/48-V prototype has been built to verify the analysis results. Experimental results show that the proposed voltage-mode variable-frequency (VM-VF) controlled LLC resonant PFC converter can achieve high efficiency of up to 94.08% and power factor of 0.95 over the input voltage range of 180–260 VAC.

Efficient Soft Switching Single-Stage PFC for Low-Power Applications

Single-stage (SS) power factor correction (PFC) converters are applied as the power supply for low-power devices. Usually, the flyback converter is merged with the PFC stage to eliminate the reset winding required for the transformer. This article merges a new resonant forward converter with the buck-boost PFC stage. Thus, reset winding of the forward converter is eliminated while soft switching is achieved. Due to the low flux of the forward transformer core, transformer volume is reduced. Also, for the same volume of the transformer, transformer losses can be reduced in comparison to the flyback converter. The proposed converter is analyzed, and design considerations are discussed. A prototype converter is implemented. According to the experimental results, high efficiency and low total harmonic distortion (THD) are achieved.

Floating Capacitor Integrated DAB for Single-Phase, Single-Stage PFC in Wireless Battery Charging Application

Floating Capacitor Integrated DAB for Single-Phase, Single-Stage PFC in Wireless Battery Charging Application

Single-Phase Hybrid Switched-Capacitor PFC Boost Rectifier With Low Voltage Gain

Power factor correction (PFC) rectifiers based on the classic boost topology have become widespread owing to their current input features, and can obtain optimal results in terms of power quality. However, several applications require an output dc voltage lower than the ac input voltage. In such cases, two-stage topologies provide lower voltage values at the output, which increases the number of components. Moreover, such topologies tend to incur higher losses and are costly. Therefore, a unidirectional hybrid single-stage single-phase PFC boost rectifier with a switched-capacitor cell and low voltage gain is proposed. Furthermore, the proposed topology has two active switches, and natural balance exists between the voltages of the capacitors. Therefore, an additional control system is not required. The proposed topology was theoretically analyzed and experimentally validated using a 1 kW prototype with two different operational situations: (A) 127 V ac and 100 Vdc; (B) 220 Vac and 200 Vdc, input and output voltages, respectively. The experimental results essentially reveal that the power factor is approximately one, and the total harmonic distortion of the input current is 4.6%. The maximum efficiency achieved was 96.5% in the operational situation (B).

Single Stage Active Power Factor Correction Circuit for Street LED Light with Battery Backup

This paper proposes a single-stage active power factor correction circuit for street LED light with battery back-up. The buck–boost converter and flyback converter are combined to achieve optimal performance. The first part of the integrated LED driver, the buck–boost converter is used to adjust the power while operating in the discontinuous conduction operation. The second part of the driver, the flyback converter provides regulated voltage to the LEDs. The battery backup circuit charges the battery when ac input power is available and provides power to LED lamp when input power supply is not available. The proposed LED driver was designed for 100 W output power and tested by PSpice simulation. The simulation results obtained are given in the paper to demonstrates the functionality of the proposed LED driver system. The result show good operation and performance of proposed LED driver.

A Power Factor Correction LED Driver With Direct Power Transfer Feature

This article presents an isolated bridgeless single-stage light-emitting diode (LED) driver with high power factor, soft-switching performance, and direct power transfer (DPT) capability. In the proposed circuit topology, a bridgeless boost power factor corrector (PFC) is integrated with an isolated current-driven half-bridge dc/dc converter to achieve a bridgeless single-stage PFC structure. Besides, a direct path is provided using coupled inductors to directly transfer power from the input source to the output. The bridgeless structure and DPT capability result in reduced conduction losses, while the soft-switching operation almost eliminates the switching losses. Therefore, the proposed LED driver benefits from low losses and high efficiency. The proposed LED driver is theoretically analyzed. Also, experimental results for a 150-W prototype supplied from a 120-V/60-Hz utility are presented to verify its performance.

An off-line single-switch VLC transmitter for low data rate applications

This work details a single-stage flyback power factor correction (PFC) converter operating in discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) for visible light communication (VLC). The role of the converter is to regulate the average output current via the duty cycle value for lighting purposes and to modulate digital data by means of the first switching harmonic of the output current. Both features can be achieved simultaneously by modulating the PWM signal fed to the single switch of the flyback converter. In order to allow for the transmission of VLC data, the converter output low-pass filter has been replaced by a 3rd order band-stop (notch) filter and an additional feedforward loop was introduced. This strategy maintains the simplicity of the original topology while granting it the functionality of transmitting VLC data with a reduced component count. Experimental results taken from a 14-W prototype supplied from a 127-V 60-Hz grid were carried out in order to verify the modulation scheme and the feasibility of the VLC transmitter, which was able to transfer data with a bit rate of 15 kb/s over a distance of 2 m with a global efficiency of 93.3% while keeping a good input power factor.

High performance single stage power factor correction circuit

Here, a new single stage single switch soft switching PFC (power factor correction) converter is presented and analysed. The proposed converter combines buck AC-DC converter and forward DC-DC converter and applies an auxiliary circuit to eliminate input current dead angle. Furthermore, soft switching is attained and switching losses are eliminated resulting in high efficiency. Another merit of the proposed converter is the partial direct transmission of input power to the output that helps to improve efficiency. Experimental results are presented which justify the above mentioned points and show less than 5% THD in the nominal load. Comparison with other similar single stage PFC converters is performed and shows the proposed converter provides the lowest THD while high efficiency is attained.

Design and Implementation of a Single-Stage PFC Active-Clamp Flyback Converter with Dual Transformers

This paper proposes an AC/DC single-stage structure by integrating a boost topology and an active clamp flyback (ACF) circuit with power-factor-correction (PFC) function. The PFC function can be achieved by controlling a boost PFC topology operated in the discontinuous conduction mode. With the coordination of active clamping components, a resonant technique is obtained and zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) can be achieved. The proposed converter is combined with the advantages of: (1) compared with two-stage circuit, a single stage circuit decreases the component of the main circuit and reduces the complexity of the control circuit; (2) a boost topology with PFC function operated in discontinuous conduction mode can be accomplished without adding any current detecting technique or detecting input signal; (3) by using the inductor from the PFC stage, ZVS function can be achieved without any additional inductor; (4) the increment of switching frequency facilitates the optimization of power density; (5) the conducting loss at the secondary side can be reduced by adding the synchronous rectification; (6) in this proposed scheme, the dual transformers with series-parallel connection are utilized, the current at the secondary side can be shared for lowering the conduction loss of the synchronous transistors. Finally, a prototype converter with AC 110 V input and DC 19 V/6.32 A (120 W) output under 300 kHz switching frequency is implemented. The efficiency of the proposed converter reaches 88.20% and 0.984 power factor in full load condition.

Single-Phase LED Driver With Reduced Power Processing and Power Decoupling

Reduced power processing is a new trend to improve the conversion efficiency of light-emitting diode (LED) driver systems. Based on the concept, a new LED driver architecture is proposed in this article, which requires fewer power semiconductors compared with prior works, leading to the potential of lower cost and higher efficiency. A new ac/dc LED driver topology is derived accordingly based on the architecture to achieve the constant output current and unity power factor with significant energy storage reduction of the 100-/120-Hz energy buffer. Through a split and shared inductor, the required magnetic energy storage in the derived topology is the same as the conventional single-stage power factor correction converter, indicating high power density. Experimental evaluation verifies the performance in terms of improved power quality and conversion efficiency.

Experimental Verification of Single-Stage Power Factor Correction Converter with Improved Light-Load Efficiency

Single-stage single-switch ac/dc converters with power factor correction will have higher power losses under a light-load condition, as compared to that of two-stage approach, due to sharing of a common power transistor such that the power factor correction (PFC) stage cannot be switched OFF separately to save power losses. This paper addresses the problem by using a buck topology for the PFC stage of single-stage single-switch converters as it can completely turned OFF. This converter topology is capable of working in both buck mode and buck-boost mode depending on the rectified voltage at input side and power at load side. A simple and effective topology incorporating PFC for low power applications is simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment. Hardware implementation of the converter was and performance was verified with various practical light loads. It also satisfies the harmonic compliance of source current in accordance to the IEEE519:1992 recommendations. The control is very simple and gives good performance.

Design and implementation of highly efficient UPS charging system with single stage power factor correction using SEPIC converter

With the fast expanding utilization of intensity electronic hardware, dynamic force factor adjustment (PFC) has gotten essential for some kinds of intensity supplies in the market today. Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS) are broadly used to convey solid and excellent capacity to basic burdens under all lattice conditions. This paper proposes a high-recurrence secluded UPS framework for low force applications. The proposed framework comprises of a solitary stage AC-DC converter, SEPIC DC-DC converter, and a battery. The single-stage AC-DC converter gives galvanic segregation, input power factor remedy, and constant conduction of both information and yields current. The low battery bank voltage is ventured up to high DC-interface voltage by utilizing a high voltage gain SEPIC converter. In this paper, UPS charging system with almost unity power factor is proposed. In conventional systems, the bridge rectifier and DC-DC converter are used in this system. Using this methodology, the power factor and harmonics are decreased. We use the bridgeless SEPIC converter for battery charging applications. This system can perform rectification and DC to DC conversion stages with improved power factor and low harmonics. Current control method (MOSFET) is used for control logic. Design of the converter is done in MATLAB and analysed the PI controller with optimized Kp, Ki using GA intelligent control method.

Boost-Type Single-Stage Step-Down Resonant Power Factor Correction Converter

Conventional boost power factor correction (PFC) converter is only suitable for two-stage power conversion system due to its high output voltage. Inherent step-up characteristic limits its applications in single-stage low voltage output. In this article, a boost-type single-stage step-down resonant PFC converter, which combines a boost PFC converter and a resonant switched capacitor network by using one active switch, is proposed and analyzed. Similar to conventional boost PFC converter, the proposed converter can achieve unity power factor and low input current ripple in universal-input applications. Moreover, the proposed converter can achieve step-down voltage conversion. Furthermore, high-efficiency is realized due to single-stage power conversion. The proposed converter is studied in terms of operation principle, voltage gain, power factor analysis, and key circuit parameters design. Finally, a 70-W prototype with 96.05% peak efficiency is built to verify the theoretical analysis results.

An Isolated PFC Zeta-forward Single-stage Single-switch for LED Driver Without Electrolytic Capacitor

The high-brightness light-emitting diodes (LEDs) require an AC/DC converter with power factor correction (PFC). The large output electrolytic capacitor, which is used to minimize the low frequency LED current ripple, degrades the operating lifetime of the LED driver. In order to increase the lifetime of an AC–DC LED driver, the electrolytic capacitor should be eliminated without significantly increasing the output current ripple. In this article, an isolated single-stage single-switch AC/DC high power factor LED driver without electrolytic capacitor is proposed in which a zeta power factor (PF) corrector is integrated with a forward converter. The detailed theoretical analysis and design procedure of the proposed single-stage PFC converter is presented. The experimental results of a 110 Vrms, 21 W prototype verify the theoretical analysis. The input PF is 0.99 in the proposed converter that complies with lighting equipment standards such as IEC-1000-3-2 for class C equipment.

Emulation of Loss Free Resistor for Single-Stage Three-Phase PFC Converter in Electric Vehicle Charging Application

In this article, the modular three-phase ac-dc converter using single-phase isolated Ćuk rectifier modules for charging of electric vehicles is discussed. The converters are designed and analyzed for the continuous conduction mode (CCM). This article is based on a new concept of adaptive sliding-mode-based loss-free resistor (ASLFR). ASLFR is a control scheme, which allows dual aim of power factor correction along with tight voltage regulation; hence, the adopted topology serves as a fitting single-stage solution for balanced three-phase systems. Complete theory is developed for the application, and the effectiveness of the scheme is well-established. Various studies to confirm the robustness of the system to any load and line variation are carried out. Moreover, a qualitative analysis is also made to show the expediency of the proposed ASLFR. Simulation as well as experimental studies are claimed theoretically.

An Improved Single Stage Phase Shifted Control Based AC–DC PFC Converter for Wireless Applications

Recently, many researchers has more attention in a single stage AC to DC converter features and DC to DC regulator are extensively used into low power applications. When compared with the two stage conventional method over the Single stage converter has a simple design and utilize only less components. Therefore, this task has been used in this paper as a prposed work of AC–DC single stage converters combine a converter front end with DC–DC back end converter. This proposed work has been improved single stage power factor correction (PFC) converter based on phase-shifted controller for wireless Power applications. The proposed technique employed to develop the improved converter for task of an extensive series of voltage outputs with rippleless outcomes in low frequency, that shows the high essential in battery application and the PFC duty ratio restriction is eradicated. Similarly, DC–DC stage operation are designed in a related way of conventional full bridge phase shifted converter. Accordingly, the proposed technique of improved converter of this paper will achieves better efficiency compared with other conventional techniques and it has been prove more efficient for many Industrial applications, it has been discussed in result section clearly. The experimental results of proposed improved converter proves that it is potential to extend high power single stage converter with good power factor, conversion characteristics and efficiency.

Adaptive on Time Controlled Double-Line- Frequency Ripple Suppressor With Fast Dynamic Response and High Efficiency

Due to the input power and output power do not match in real time, single-stage power factor correction converters have large double-line-frequency ripple at the output voltage. The double-line-frequency ripple voltage will cause some electronic devices to work abnormally, and limit the control loop bandwidth of power factor correction converter. In order to reduce the output double-line-frequency ripple voltage, a single-stage Flyback power factor correction converter with Buck ripple suppressor is used in this paper, the Buck ripple suppressor can generate same magnitude but 180° phase shifted voltage as Flyback power factor correction converter output voltage ripple. Adaptive on-time control is adopted in the Buck ripple suppressor benefiting with its wider bandwidth and fast dynamic response. The switching frequency range and stability of Buck ripple suppressor under constant on-time control and adaptive on-time control are discussed. By establishing the input-output audio susceptibility model, the output double-line-frequency ripple suppression performance is analyzed. Buck ripple suppressor using adaptive on-time control can suppress double-line-frequency ripple voltage effectively with the fast dynamic response and high efficiency. Simulation and experimental results are given to verify the theoretical analysis.