Single Radio Frequency Research Articles

Localized Shims Enable Low-Field Simultaneous Multinuclear NMR Spectroscopy.

This Article introduces a smart localized shimset, integrated with a radiofrequency (RF) microsolenoid and optimized as a single unit to locally achieve high-resolution NMR spectroscopy, as a significant advancement toward achieving parallel NMR spectroscopy. The shimset, consisting exclusively of linear shims, demonstrates the capability to improve NMR line width from 84 to 4 Hz in a 1.05 T preclinical MRI scanner. This enhancement enables the resolution of j-couplings in the sample while requiring a total power of 545 mW. Furthermore, a novel method is presented for concurrently obtaining multinuclear NMR spectra using a single RF channel. This approach allows for the utilization of high-sensitivity NMR signals as a reference to correct field drift, facilitating signal averaging in a permanent magnet NMR scanner that is prone to significant temperature-dependent drift.

Simultaneous multinuclear MRI via a single RF channel

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) stands as one of the most powerful noninvasive and non-destructive imaging techniques, finding extensive utility in medical and industrial applications. Its ability to acquire signals from multiple nuclei grants it additional levels of strength by providing multi-dimensional datasets of the object under test. However, this typically requires dedicated hardware to detect each nucleus. In this paper, we report on the use of a digital lock-in amplifier to perform simultaneous multi-nuclear MRI with a single physical radio frequency (RF) channel. While we showcase this concept by demonstrating the results of fully parallel (TX and RX) 1H and 19F MRI images, we emphasize that it is not limited to two nuclei but can accommodate more nuclei with no extra cost on the hardware or scan time. The scalability is virtually unlimited, constrained only by the processing speed of the digital unit. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the quality of parallel imaging with SNR of 54 is comparable to the commercial single channel with SNR of 43. Thus with no reduction in imaging quality, the proposed concept promises a tremendous reduction in scan time, system complexity, and hardware costs.

The Therapeutic Effect of Monopolar Radiofrequency Therapy on Urinary Symptoms and Sexual Function.

Objectives: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) negatively affects the quality of life and sexual function in women. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) therapy in reducing SUI symptoms and its impact on sexual function. Methods: Thirty-four women with SUI were enrolled and underwent a single RF treatment session using the Viveve® System (Viveve Medical Inc., USA) with parameters of 90 J/cm2 and 220 pulses per hour. Assessments at baseline and 6 months post treatment included perineal ultrasound and personal interviews to evaluate lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual function. Urodynamic studies, voiding diaries, and questionnaires such as the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI), Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 (UDI-6), Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7), and International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) measured outcomes. Results: RF therapy significantly improved sexual function, with higher FSFI scores in all domains except pain at 6 months. SUI symptoms were significantly reduced, as indicated by improved scores on OABSS, UDI-6, IIQ-7, and ICIQ-SF, alongside better voiding diary results. Anatomical changes included reduced bladder neck mobility, decreased vaginal width, and a reduced rotation angle of the proximal urethra. Conclusions: RF therapy is effective and safe for treating mild to moderate SUI and enhances sexual function, potentially due to changes in vaginal topography. These results suggest RF therapy as a viable non-surgical option for managing SUI and improving sexual health.

Design of a Conformal Ablation System Based on Independent Control of Radiofrequency Electrode Arrays

This study aims to develop an independent control system for radiofrequency electrode arrays, intended for the conformal ablation of unwanted tissues. Unlike traditional single radiofrequency voltage applications, this study employs high-frequency transformer isolation and radiofrequency load matching technologies to divide the radiofrequency signal source into eight independent groups. Each group operates at the same phase and frequency but with different voltage values. Experimental results indicate that the designed system can independently output various combinations of radiofrequency signals. The actual output voltage has a relative error controlled within 6%, the frequency error is less than 0.5%, and the phase difference among the groups is less than 1°. In the biomimetic tissue heating experiments, it is found that by controlling the voltage of each electrode within the electrode array, ablation of different shapes can be achieved, and the ablation depth is positively correlated with the applied radiofrequency voltage.

Combining radio frequency heating and alkaline treatment for enhancement of sludge disintegration and volatile fatty acids production from anaerobic fermentation

Sludge pretreatment plays a crucial role in solubilizing particulate matters to release organic matter for subsequent anaerobic fermentation (AF). This study innovatively combines radio frequency (RF) heating and alkaline treatment, and finds that the combined pretreatment achieved a sludge disintegration rate of 35.11 %, which is 15.19 % and 8.48 % higher than single RF or alkaline pretreatment. The dissociated ions from the alkali are conducive to RF action on sludge. Furthermore, the combined pretreatment significantly benefits the subsequent AF experiments, resulting in a 9-fold increase in volatile fatty acids production. Considering cost-effectiveness, the optimal operating condition is a 10-minute RF treatment at pH 10 with a total cost of 4.35 × 10-3 dollars per kg soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) increased. These findings provide a foundational basis for the development of a novel technology for sludge pretreatment.

Sinus nodal denervation by targeting the superior paraseptal ganglionated plexus: randomized comparison of right-atrial and bi-atrial cardioneuroablation guided by ablation index

Abstract Background Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation of superior paraseptal ganglionic plexus (SPSGP) that significantly suppresses the vagal modulation of the sinus node is used for the treatment of functional bradyarrhythmias. A reasonable effect can be achieved by targeting this plexus from the endocardial aspect of both the right and left atria. Purpose The study aimed to compare the acute efficacy of unifocal right-atrial (RA) and comparably extensive bi-atrial (BA) ablation of SPSGP for sinus nodal denervation as assessed by intraprocedural extracardiac vagus nerve stimulation (ECVS). Methods A population of 22 patients (age: 43±9 years, 55% males) undergoing cardioneuroablation (CAN) for functional bradyarrhythmias were randomized 1:1 to two ablation strategies that included: [1] single RF lesion at the very posterior site of the junction between right atrium and superior vena cava with ablation index (AI) = 800 (RA group) and [2] the same but twice smaller RF lesion (AI = 400) complemented with strictly contralateral left-atrial lesion (AI = 400) at the anterior vestibulum of right superior pulmonary vein (BA group). The effect of ablation was investigated by the post-ablation change in sinus rate and the attenuation of the response of the sinus node to ECVS (frequency: 50 Hz, pulse width: 0.05 ms, output: 1 V/kg [<70V], duration: 5 s) via the right internal jugular vein. Results Per-protocol ablation resulted in sinus acceleration by 9±15 bpm vs. 15±16 bpm (P=0.40) in RA vs. BA groups, respectively. Inducible sinus arrests were shortened by 4.7±4.2 s vs. 6.2±1.5 s (P=0.27) and reached the post-ablation level of 3.0±3.7 s vs. 1.0±0.3 s (P=0.08) in RA vs. BA groups, respectively. The results are also displayed in the Figure as medians, interquartile range (boxes) and total range (whiskers). Complete sinus nodal denervation was achieved in 8/11=73% vs. 11/11=100% patients (Fisher exact test P=0.21) in RA vs. BA groups, respectively. Practically 100% denervation efficacy in the BA group contrasted with 3 patients in the RA group in whom ablation had virtually no effect on ECVS-based indices (duration of post-ablation sinus arrests: 11.2, 8.7, and 5.2 s). Acute effects did not change substantially during the waiting period of 20±5 min. Conclusions In this small study with acute procedural endpoints, unifocal RA ablation of SPSGP appeared numerically less effective for sinus nodal denervation than comparably extensive BA ablation although the difference was formally non-significant. The ECVS-based outcome measure was valuable in detecting the differences between study groups. Change in sinus rate was not a reliable marker of sinus nodal denervation.

Single-shot simplified cardioneuroablation

Abstract Introduction Cardioneuroablation (CNA) is a promising therapy of a spectrum of arrhythmias dependent on increased activity of parasympathetic tone. The right anterior ganglionated plexus (RAGP), localized paraseptally between right atrium and right superior pulmonary vein, is frequently a primary target for CNA. Methods are sought to determine exact locations of RAGP to minimize ablation lesion set during CNA. Immediate and accurate intraprocedural visualization of RAGP area in patients undergoing CNA is desirable. Methods Consecutive patients who underwent right-atrial CNA for reflex syncope, symptomatic bradycardia or vagal atrial fibrillation were included into the study. After venous contrast injection a 3-dimensional rotational atrial scan (3DRAS) was used to obtain digital images. Next, manual segmentation (MS) of hypodense areas between the right atrium (RA) and the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) was performed to reconstruct RAGP. Using 3-dimensional mapping system such created 3D RAGP area visualisation was automatically synchronized with fluoroscopy and these sites were targeted for CNA. Heart rate (HR) acceleration ≥30% and ultra-short-term deceleration capacity (UST-DC) were used for determination of acute CNA outcomes. Results Five patients (3 males, age 37±17) underwent 3DRAS and MS of RAGP area during CNA. A single radiofrequency lesion was delivered in each patient (mean RF time - 33±15s, power - 25W). The mean procedure time was 40±13 minutes. Targeted HR acceleration was achieved in all patients (baseline HR vs post-CNA HR, 57±8bpm vs 93±11bpm; p=0.0007; mean HR acceleration 65±15%). UST-DC significantly decreased after CNA (pre-CNA UST-DC vs post-CNA UST-DC, 13.6ms vs 3.2ms, p=0.00096). There were no complications. Conclusions Single-shot simplified CNA is feasible. Visualization of RAGP area using 3DRAS and MS is safe, effective and can very rapidly delineate CNA target.Figure

Frequency multiplexing enables parallel multi-sample EPR

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy stands out as a powerful analytical technique with extensive applications in the fields of biology, chemistry, physics, and material sciences. It proves invaluable for investigating the molecular structure and reaction mechanisms of substances containing unpaired electrons, such as metal complexes, organic and inorganic radicals, and intermediate states in chemical reactions. However, despite their remarkable capabilities, EPR systems face significant limitations in terms of sample throughput, as current commercial systems only target the analysis of one sample at a time. Here we introduce a novel scheme for conducting ultra-high frequency continuous-wave EPR (CW EPR) targeting the EPR spectroscopy of multiple microliter volume samples in parallel. Our proof-of-principle prototype involves two decoupled detection cells equipped with high qualty factor Q=104\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$Q=104$$\\end{document} solenoidal coils tuned to 488 and 589 MHz, ensuring a significant frequency gap for effective radio frequency (RF) decoupling between the channels. To further enhance electromagnetic decoupling, an orthogonal alignment of the coils was adopted. The paper further presents an innovative radiofrequency circuit concept that utilizes a single physical RF channel to simultaneously conduct parallel EPR on up to eight cells. Parallel EPR experiments on two BDPA samples, each with a sample volume of 18.3 μL, registered signal-to-noise ratios of 255 and 252 for the two EPR measurement cells, with no observable coupling. The showcased prototype, built using cost-effective commercially available fabrication technology, is readily scalable and represents an initial step with promising potential for advancing sample screening with high-throughput parallel EPR.

Correction of age-related changes in the skin at the dermal and subdermal level using radiofrequency macroneedling therapy.

The negative effects of skin aging are primarily related to the destruction of dermal architectural structure. More specifically, this includes changes in the spatial arrangement of collagen, elastin fibers, mucopolysaccharides, proteoglycans, and ground substances. The purpose of this study is to investigate the histologic effects of dermal and subdermal tissue after a controlled single treatment with radiofrequency (RF) macroneedling. This therapy provides a controlled, localized, thermal effect on the dermis whereby triggering the body's own healing processes of extracellular matrix remodeling. Clinically benefits include skin tightening. Biopsies were obtained for histologic evaluation from four patients (n = 4), 4 weeks after completing a single RF macroneedling facial treatment. Age-related changes of the dermal and subdermal architecture were observed at baseline. After treatment, all biopsies demonstrated an increase in epidermal cells, collagen, elastin, fibroblasts, vasculature, and a decrease in inflammatory cells. The results of this histologic study confirm a significant "subsurfacing" thermal effect from the noncoagulative ascendant thermal injury. The obtained results characterize RF macroneedling therapy as an effective method for correcting age-related changes in facial skin.

Efficacy and Safety of Monopolar Radiofrequency for Tightening the Skin of Aged Faces

Background: Monopolar radiofrequency (RF) has emerged as a promising modality for tightening the skin of aged faces. Although many studies have assessed the efficacy of monopolar RF via the clinical evaluation of photographs, few have examined the long-term effectiveness and safety of this therapy using various skin testing devices. Methods: Twenty women with aged faces participated in this study. After a single monopolar RF treatment, three blinded dermatologists who were not involved in the treatment evaluated its clinical efficacy and safety after 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Skin firmness, fine wrinkles, skin pores, and skin tone were also measured using an indentometer (Courage+Khazaka Electronic GmbH, Köln, Germany) and a facial aging measurement device (Mark-Vu; PSI Plus, Suwon-si, Republic of Korea). Results: Skin laxity in the jowls and nasolabial folds showed significant improvement 12 weeks after the single monopolar RF treatment when evaluated by dermatologists, and this improvement lasted 24 weeks (p < 0.05). Moreover, the participants reported improvement at 4 weeks compared to baseline which lasted 24 weeks (p < 0.05). Skin firmness measured in the cheek increased 4 weeks after treatment and continued to improve during 24 weeks of follow-up (p < 0.01). Although there was a gradual increase in improvement in skin pores, fine wrinkles, and skin tones, there were no statistical differences compared to the baseline. No patients experienced pain during the treatment, and no burns, skin breakdown, or scarring occurred after treatment. Conclusions: A single monopolar RF treatment is effective for females with aged face. A significant improvement in the jowls and nasolabial folds and facial skin firmness was observed between the 4- and 24-week follow-ups without adverse effects.

Study on stray electrons ejecting from a long-pulse negative ion source for fusion

The negative ion based neutral beam injection is a desirable plasma heating and current drive method for the large-scale magnetic fusion devices. Due to the strict requirements and difficult development of the negative ion source for fusion, a long-pulse negative ion source has been developed under the framework of the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology in China. This negative ion source consists of a single radio frequency (RF) driver plasma source and a three-electrode accelerator. The typical extraction and acceleration voltage are 4–8 kV and 40–50 kV, respectively. During one shot of the long-pulse (∼100 s) beam extraction, the gas pressure in the vacuum vessel increased sharply and the temperature of the cryopump rise from 8 K to 20 K. Moreover, the vessel wall appeared a high temperature after several long-pulse shots. A self-consistent simulation of beam-gas interaction revealed that the heat loads on the vessel wall should be caused by the stray electrons ejecting from the accelerator. Those stray electrons are mainly generated via the stripping or ionization collisions and strongly deflected by the downstream side of the deflection magnetic field for the co-extracted electron. The location of hot spots measured by infrared thermography is consistent with the simulation results. To solve this problem, a series of electron dumps are designed to avoid the direct impinging of the ejecting electrons on the cryopump and the vessel wall. And the results suggest that the hot spots are almost eliminated.

Integrated segmented IQ-modulator for orthogonal sampling and multi-level high-bandwidth signal generation.

Photonic-assisted signal processing of high-bandwidth signals emerges as a solution for challenges encountered in electronic-based processing. Here we present a concept for a compact, photonic-assisted digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and optical IQ-modulator in one single integrated device based on two innovative concepts: a segmented Mach-Zehnder modulator and orthogonal sampling. For electrically driving the modulator, only a single radio frequency oscillator and no pulse source or electrical DAC are required. The presented and simulated proof-of-concept device with six segments can generate a multi-level and high-bandwidth signal from low-bandwidth electronic drivers; e.g., we show the generation of a 120 Gbps data rate, 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM, 30 Gbaud) signal solely based on low-bandwidth (5 GHz) non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signals. Integrated on a silicon photonic platform, the device provides fixable speed and bandwidth operations, positioning it as a viable solution for diverse communication systems.

Fluoroscopy-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound neurotomy of the lumbar zygapophyseal joints: a prospective, open-label study

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate safety and effectiveness of a fluoroscopy-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) system for thermal ablation of the lumbar medial branch nerves.MethodsThis dual center...

Fusion-Vital: Video-RF Fusion Transformer for Advanced Remote Physiological Measurement

Remote physiology, which involves monitoring vital signs without the need for physical contact, has great potential for various applications. Current remote physiology methods rely only on a single camera or radio frequency (RF) sensor to capture the microscopic signatures from vital movements. However, our study shows that fusing deep RGB and RF features from both sensor streams can further improve performance. Because these multimodal features are defined in distinct dimensions and have varying contextual importance, the main challenge in the fusion process lies in the effective alignment of them and adaptive integration of features under dynamic scenarios. To address this challenge, we propose a novel vital sensing model, named Fusion-Vital, that combines the RGB and RF modalities through the new introduction of pairwise input formats and transformer-based fusion strategies. We also perform comprehensive experiments based on a newly collected and released remote vital dataset comprising synchronized video-RF sensors, showing the superiority of the fusion approach over the previous single-sensor baselines in various aspects.

Sacroiliac Joint Denervation-A Novel Approach to Target Sacral Lateral Branches: A Practical Approach.

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain is a relatively common cause of low back pain. Percutaneous radiofrequency (RF) techniques for SIJ are limited to ablation of the posterior SIJ innervation. Different techniques have been described for SIJ radiofrequency ablation, including conventional thermal, cooled RF, pulsed RF, bipolar RF, and specialized tip RF needle (i.e., multi-tined); however, additional costs may limit these applications. This new technique for SIJ denervation uses anatomical landmarks and a single RF cannula. Two spinal needles are placed lateral to the posterior S1 and S2 sacral foramina; then, with caudal tilt we get a coaxial view of the sacral bone, we advance an 18-G curved 15-mm active tip RF cannula just lateral to the aligned finder needles. Ablation is performed, and then the RF cannula is retracted 2cm and ablation is repeated for a total of four lesions. The two spinal needles placed lateral to the posterior sacral foramina S1 and S2 guide the final needle in the posterior aspect of the sacrum, lateral to the sacral foramina, where the lateral sacral branches are located. We introduce a cost and time efficient technique to perform radiofrequency ablation of the sacral lateral branches using a single RF needle. This technique utilizes the sacrum's reliable anatomy and angulation and maximizes the surface area of the active tip lesioning. This technique creates a strip lesion lateral to the sacral foramina and reduces time and cost efficacy compared to several of the other techniques and/or commercially available special devices designed for sacroiliac denervation.

Surface receive coil dedicated for rat kidney with high sensitivity magnetic resonance imaging

We propose a novel method based on an inverse problem to design a single channel radio frequency (RF) receive coil for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with an optimized signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for imaging the rat kidney. We identified a dedicated curved-surface coil design for use on the rat body surface utilizing inverse problem analysis using direct current calculation and quantitatively evaluated the indicators of coil performance using alternating current calculation. The proposed coil achieved increased SNR and signal intensity responses that were respectively 1.05- and 2-fold higher than those of conventional surface coils. In the future, we will fabricate a prototype coil and perform the MRI of the rat kidney to diagnose kidney diseases.

Single radio frequency bucket injection in the 88-Inch Cyclotron using a pulsed high voltage chopper.

A single radio frequency bucket of the 88-Inch Cyclotron is filled using a fast chopper located in the axial line. The bucket then accelerates until it reaches the deflector, at which point, it is extracted as a train of bunches. This phenomenon can be attributed to the characteristic multi-turn extraction of the cyclotron and, by simplifying the complex dynamics of a cyclotron, corresponds to the conceptual transfer function of the cyclotron. The confirmation of the single radio frequency bucket injection was achieved by operating the cyclotron in the third harmonic mode and observing the absence of intermediate bunches during the multiple-bunch extraction.

RPM: RF-Based Pose Machines

Radio-frequency (RF) based human sensing technologies, due to their great practical value in various applications and privacy-preserving nature, have gained tremendous attention in recent years. However, without fully exploiting the characteristics of radio signals, the performance of existing methods are still limited. First, RF features of the moving human body have different representations in dimensions such as channel and scale, which is challenging when performing feature fusion. Besides, the human body is specularly reflective with respect to the radar, which means the human body cannot be fully captured by a single RF snapshot. Therefore, the radar signal reflected by the human body is sparse and incomplete, which is difficult to extract high-quality features for 3D human pose estimation. In this paper, we present the RF-based Pose Machines (RPM), a novel framework which can generate 3D skeletons from RF signals. Considering the characteristics of RF signals, RPM includes several modules to overcome the challenges. Firstly, a Feature Fusion Network (FFN) is designed to effectively fuse radio signals from horizontal and vertical planes based on the channels' correlation and maintain high-quality feature via a multi-scale fusion block. A Spatio-Temporal Attention network is then designed to reconstruct 3D skeletons from the sparse and incomplete RF signals. Specifically, a spatial attention module is designed to model non-local relationships among joints and reconstruct body parts that a single RF snapshot cannot capture. Afterwards, a temporal attention module is proposed to refine 3D pose based on temporal coherency learned from frame queries. To evaluate the performance of our RPM framework, we construct a large-scale dataset of synchronized 3d skeletons and RF signals, RFSkeleton3D. Our experimental results show that RPM locates 3D key points of the human body with an average error of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5.71 cm$</tex-math></inline-formula> and maintains its performance in new environments with occlusion or bad illumination. The dataset and codes will be made in public.

UAV-Assisted Wideband Terahertz Wireless Communications with Time-Delay Phased UPA under Beam Squint

Future Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-assisted wireless communication systems are expected to utilize wide bandwidths available at terahertz (THz) frequencies to enhance system throughput. To compensate for the severe path loss in the THz band, it is essential to have a multitude of antennas in the UAV to generate narrow beams for directional transmission. However, narrow beams severely limit its spatial coverage, which greatly affects the efficiency of large-scale access UAV-assisted THz systems. Moreover, the combination of massive antennas and large bandwidth at THz makes the misalignment of the beams caused by beam squint non-negligible and also high energy consumption. UAV-assisted communication technology can effectively increase spatial coverage and provide reliable LoS communication links. In addition, reducing the number of radio frequency (RF) chains while ensuring the number of transmitted data streams and space division multiplexing capability is also an effective way to reduce energy consumption in the UAV communication. In this paper, a single RF chain uniform planar array (UPA) with true-time-delays (TTDs) is equipped on the UAV to achieve two dimensional (2D) beams and split spatial beams to improve transmission efficiency. We analyze the 2D beam squint of the UPA and design a time-delay phased UPA for UAV-assisted THz communication systems. By introducing TTDs between the single RF chain and phase shifters, the beam squint can be controlled flexibly by introducing the delay between each antenna. When TTDs are arranged in both the horizontal and vertical dimensions, the coverage of the beams becomes more complicated compared to uniform linear arrays (ULA). Simulation results show that the proposed time-delay phased UPA can achieve better performance in both single-beam and multi-beam modes for single user and multi-user scenarios compared with conventional phased UPA, respectively. In addition, we propose frequency division beam multiple access (FDBMA) multi access technology, which achieves more efficient multi access by reusing resources from different frequency beam pairs. Finally, the results also show that the enlargement of the beamwidth through the proposed FDBMA strategy can also increase the performance in multi-user scenarios.

Clinical manifestation and treatment strategy of intervertebral space infection after radiofrequency ablation of lumbar nucleus pulposus

To study the clinical manifestations and treatment of intervertebral space infection after percutaneous lumbar radiofrequency ablation of nucleus pulposus. A retrospective analysis was performed of 496 patients who underwent percutaneous lumbar disc decompression using low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation nucleus pulposus from June 2009 to June 2019. Six patients had lumbar infection, and the infection rate was 1.21%. All patients were male, ranging in age from 20 to 61 years old. Three patients underwent single segment radiofrequency ablation, two patients underwent dual segments ablation;and one patient underwent three segment ablation, totaling 10 intervertebral discs. One patient was complicated with type 2 diabetes before operation. The interval between infection occurrence ranged from 21 to 65 days. All 6 patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from 18 to 40 months, with an average of 24 months. Among them, 2 patients presented with symptoms of low back pain accompanied by fever, and imaging examination showed intervertebral space infection accompanied by abscess. In addition, 4 patients experienced low back pain but no fever, and MRI showed abnormal signals of the infected intervertebral endplate or vertebral body. One patient showed staphylococcus aureus in blood culture, while the remaining 5 patients showed negative bacterial culture. All the patients were treated with antibiotics after diagnosis. Four patients were treated with conservative management to control infection;1 patient was treated with debridement of posterior lumbar infection focus, and 1 patient was treated with debridement of posterior lumbar infection focus combined with interbody fusion and internal fixation. The occurrence of intervertebral space infection during lumbar radiofrequency ablation nucleoplasty should be given sufficient attention. Strict aseptic technique, avoiding repeated multi segment puncture, realizing early detection and treatment, and selecting appropriate treatment methods according to the severity of infection is the guarantee of achieving curative effect.