Single-phase Induction Machine Research Articles

Simulation Study of a Single-Phase Induction Machine as a Water Pump System Utilizing Photovoltaic

This paper presents a simulation study of using a single-phase induction machine as a solar PV powered water pump system equipped with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) on the boost converter. Inverters are used to convert DC voltage stored in batteries to drive single-phase induction machines. The simulation was carried out to analyze the system's performance in generating electrical power from solar panels and using it to operate the water pump. This research also considers variables such as fluctuations in sunlight intensity, as well as the dynamic response of induction machines and MPPT converters. From the simulation test results, it was found that the system as a whole will work well if it uses a radiation input that is more significant than 750 W/m2. The load in the form of a single-phase induction motor, which is inductive, influences variations in the output power produced by the solar PV at the boost converter.

An Optimized Model of Single Phase Self Excited Induction Generator

This paper illustrates the newly developed specially designed single phase self excited induction generator. All possible configurations for winding arrangement have been attempted to obtain the best output from the model. The earlier configurations were found incomplete to obtain the optimum output from the single phase induction machine as an induction generator. The proposed model is unified, optimum and accurate for inculcating the performance of single phase induction generator. The model design as well as its development of 3.7 kW, 50 Hz and 4-pole single phase SEIG is presented using simulink in MATLAB. The 4 possible configurations are designed for single phase SEIG, the objective function is to reduce total harmonic distortion (THD) and optimize the model parameter. The results were demonstrated experimentally validated using SPEED software. A standard available IEC 132 frame size is used for development of proposed model and the results found are prominent.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 It is found that there is heavy demand for small capacity power generation in single phase rating as almost electrical appliances are operated on single phase supply. The main objective of this research is to develop a novel and a specially designed SEIG and to analyze its performance analysis
 The 1-phase SEIG is proposed with rating 3 - 5 kW. The input parameter for single phase SEIG such as power, voltage, impedance, frequency, pole pair the stator/rotor resistance etc are theoretically analyzed
 Afterwards the parameters are act as input for SPEED software the results are obtained and found to be impressive one with practical applications
 Four possible configurations for a single phase SEIG are proposed. The four possible configurations have been attempted to achieve the objective of research. On comparing the performance of these models, it has been observed that the model - “Short pitch (1-8) Double layer distributed winding” gives good performance in terms of reduced THD, sinusoidal m.m.f. waveforms
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Sensorless Control System for a Single-Phase DC-Excited Flux-Switching Machine With Self-Starting Capability

Single-phase dc-excited flux-switching machine (DCFSM) exhibits low manufacturing cost and rugged structure. This type of machine has better efficiency and torque density than single-phase induction machine and universal machine. In addition, single-phase DCFSM can generate lower torque ripple than other types of single-phase machines, e.g. switch reluctance machine and brushless DC machine. These advantages make it suitable for low-cost variable speed applications. However, single-phase DCFSMs requires accurate position feedback from a position sensor to generate smooth torque. The position sensor such as an encoder is not permitted in the low-cost applications due to its high cost. To eliminate the position sensor, this paper presents a novel sensorless control scheme for single-phase DCFSMs. Rotor position is estimated with the position-dependent armature current ripple induced by injecting high-frequency square-wave voltage to the field winding at standstill and low speeds. At medium and high speeds, armature mutual flux linkage is calculated and used to estimate the rotor position. A seamless transition between these two methods is achieve by mixing the calculated position error signals as the input for a single position estimator. The experimental results show that with the proposed scheme, the single-phase DCFSM can accelerate from standstill to the rated speed with 50% load, and to the maximum speed with 25% load, respectively.

Characterization Procedure for Unsymmetrical Single-Phase Capacitor-Start Induction Machines

This paper describes an experimental and numerical optimization procedure for off-line extraction of parameters for unsymmetrical, single-phase induction machines with capacitor-start operation. In addition to permitting asymmetry between phase winding parameters, the approach requires only average and rms measurements as inputs; electrical phase angle measurements are not required. The method is validated on an experimental motor with transient and steady-state simulations, using fitted parameters obtained using the proposed approach.

A PV Array SEPIC Fed Single Phase Induction Motor Drives designed for Water Driving

In this work a PV (Photo Voltaic) array SEPIC fed single phase induction machine for water driving is demonstrated. A SEPIC employed to maintain continuous DC link voltage through governing duty cycle. A single phase induction motor drives the centrifugal water pump which is served by the output of the single phase inverter. Constant V/F SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation) controls the single phase inverter. The variable solar irradiation obtains the performance of the proposed system. The SIMSCAPE and Sim Power System tool boxes is preferred for the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment for the modelling of water pumping system. The result of the system is examined and verified with simulation.

Vector Control of a Single-Phase Induction Machine with Scott-T Connection in the Stator and Estimation of Velocity with Sliding Mode Observer

This paper shows a high-performance sensorless driver for an induction machine with a Scott-T connection in the stator windings.This connection is used to transform a single-phase machine into a three-phase only by changing the winding configuration, increasing efficiencyand minimizing the cost impact. This type of solution can be used as an alternative to the use of highperformance drivers controlling single-phaseinduction machines. The motor model using the Scott-T connection is developed and the experimental results of a vector control approach by fieldorientation are shown. A sliding mode observer is also developed for estimating the speed of the machine tested.

Low voltage ride through capability of single-phase induction machines

Stochastically occurring voltage sags as they may occur with low quality of the power supply may significantly affect the operational behavior of single-phase starting and running capacitor assisted induction machines. In contrast to three-phase machines which are still subjected to a rotating field, even during voltage sags, the single-phase machines are subjected to an alternating field that can be decomposed into two rotating fields, a positive and a negative sequence one. Thus, the behavior of these machines when submitted to voltage sags cannot be directly derived from the established understanding of the low voltage ride through capability of three-phase machines. The effects of such voltage sags on a single-phase machine’s transient behavior not only depend on the electric capacitive circuit and the machine’s electromagnetic design, but strongly on the moment the short circuit occurs, its duration, and the load of the machine. In this work, we analyze the robustness of such a system towards an extremely voltage sag, in particular a terminal short circuit. To this aim, experimentally validated transient FE computations are used.

Field-circuit analysis and measurements of a single-phase self-excited induction generator

Abstract The paper deals with a single-phase induction machine operating as a stand-alone self-excited single-phase induction generator for generation of electrical energy from renewable energy sources. By changing number of turns and size of wires in the auxiliary stator winding, an improvement of performance characteristics of the generator were obtained as regards no-load and load voltage of the stator windings as well as stator winding currents of the generator. Field-circuit simulation models of the generator were developed using Flux2D software package for the generator with shunt capacitor in the main stator winding. The obtained results have been validated experimentally at the laboratory setup using the single-phase capacitor induction motor of 1.1 kW rated power and 230 V voltage as a base model of the generator.

PWM Inverter Drive for Modified Single Phase Induction Motors

This paper starts to look at the single phase induction machine which is a large consumer of domestic power supply with the goal of improving its operation. The existing capacitor-run single phase induction motor exhibits a significant level of torque pulsations during starting time and at steady state. This situation gives rise to noise and vibration in the machine. As part of efforts to mitigate these problems, an open loop two phase inverter drive strategy was developed and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink to reduce undesirable pulsations. Simulation results clearly show the superiority of motor performance under the proposed strategy when compared to motor performance under nominal power supply. Torque pulsations are eliminated at steady state with the consequence of reduced noise and heat loss to the environment. The motor is observed to develop significantly higher starting torque and its reliability is significantly increased as the strategy eliminates the need for capacitors and centrifugal switch associated with these motors.

3-D FEM Calculation of Electromagnetic Properties of Single-Phase Induction Machines

In comparison with three-phase induction machines, modern single-phase induction machines normally have skewed rotors, but show an elliptic magnetic field during start-up. In order to properly model the start-up of such a machine, this three-dimensional (3-D) characteristic has to be accounted for. This leads to the application of the 3-D finite-element method. This paper will introduce a new approach to model and analyze the start-up of such a single-phase machine, with the aim of higher computational efficiency. Furthermore, this paper will discuss how symmetries, both in the circumferential direction and along the motor shaft, can be exploited despite the skewing. This is achieved through transforming (rotating) the cutting plane, doubling the skewing angle, and increasing the rotor conductor conductivity. The analysis is carried out on a small two-pole 100-W machine used for household appliances. The theoretical results are compared with experimental results for six rotors; each with a different skewing angle.

The Use of Electrical Steels in Single-Phase Induction Machines and the Modified Iron Loss Test Method

This paper presents an applied research about the influence of electrical steel sheets on single-phase induction machine (SPIM). The model motors researched in this paper are permanent-split capacitor induction motors operating in two-phase asymmetrical condition. Based on theoretical analysis, an improved iron loss test method for SPIMs is proposed. In addition, this method is compared with conventional approach through experimental research. Besides, the effects of core materials on the performance of SPIMs are investigated by manufacturing and testing several motors with different kinds of non-oriented electrical steel sheets.

A single-phase induction motor operating as a self-excited induction generator

Abstract The purpose of the paper is the investigation of possibility of utilization of a single-phase induction machine, designed and normally operating as a single-phase capacitor induction motor, as a self-excited single-phase induction generator, which can be used to generate electrical energy from non-conventional energy sources. The paper presents dq model of the self-excited single-phase induction generator for dynamic characteristics simulation and steady-state model based on double revolving field theory with two phase symmetrical components - a forward and backward revolving field for performance of the generator under resistive load. Excitation and load characteristics obtained by simulation showed considerable influence of method of capacitor configuration in the load stator winding on terminal voltage, current and output power of the generator under load. An specific construction of the stator windings together with capacitor requirements to obtain nominal output power at desired self-regulating terminal voltage over the operating range will be the aim of further research.

Hybrid Control of the Single-Phase Induction Machine without Capacitor Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques

The hybrid controls are the controls combining several techniques. Their purpose is to benefit from performance of each of these techniques. The control proposed in this paper is based on this hybrid approach; combining the performances of the controls which are based on the tools of the artificial intelligence (artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic) applied to control the single-phase induction machine without capacitor supplied by voltage source inverter. The application of this approach to the single-phase induction machine is a contribution to the study of this machine. Indeed, this type of machine has not yet taken its whole share from various works present until now, compared to the three-phase induction machine. The simulation results show the feasibility and good performance obtained by the proposed control.

Advanced particle swarm optimisation algorithms for parameter estimation of a single-phase induction machine

This paper proposes a new parameter estimation approach for a single-phase induction machine (SPIM) whose parameters are usually obtained using several traditional techniques such as the DC, no-load, load and locked-rotor tests. The proposal is based on using two advanced particle swarm optimisation (PSO) algorithms. In the PSO algorithm, the inertia weight, cognitive and social parameters and two independent random sequences are the main parameters which affect the search characteristics and convergence capability, as well as the solution quality in each application. Two advanced PSO algorithms, known as the dynamic particle swarm optimisation (dynamic PSO) and the chaos particle swarm optimisation (chaos PSO) algorithms modify the algorithm parameters to improve the performance of the standard PSO algorithm. The algorithms use the experimental measurements of the currents and active powers in the SPIM main and auxiliary windings as the inputs to the parameter estimator. The experimental results obtained...

Experimental Verification of Critical-Speed Increase of Single-Phase Induction Machines via Winding Reconfiguration With Solid-State Switches

The concept of online electronic switching of windings will be applied to a single-phase induction motor with two separate windings with different pole numbers p1 = 4 and p2 = 6 and an auxiliary winding required for starting. During switchover from the low-speed winding to the high-speed winding, and vice versa, lasting less than a few milliseconds, small electrical torque and speed transients occur. Relying on closed-loop speed control, a smooth speed response is measured. This concept is, therefore, applicable to variable-speed drives, where a large speed range is desirable. Test data indicate that a speed-control range from 600 to 4000 r/min is obtainable with a single-phase induction motor.

Nonlinear multi-harmonic finite-element simulation of a capacitor motor

Steady-state operation modes of three-phase induction machines can be efficiently simulated by 2D nonlinear time-harmonic finite-element models, although only induced currents with respect to the fundamental air-gap field are correctly taken into account. This technique does not generalise to single-phase induction machines. An approach based on multiple rotor models and a spectral decomposition of the air-gap field enables to consider higher harmonic air-gap field contributions. In a capacitor-motor model, the first, third and fifth forward and backward rotating components give raise to different frequencies in the rotor which result in different eddy-current effects. The torque dip due to the third harmonic is accurately simulated.

Two-phase induction motor drives

This article starts with a presentation of the mathematical model for an asymmetrical two-phase induction motor drives (TPIM). This is followed by an analysis of TPIM behavior under variable frequency supply, with the running capacitor placed or removed from the circuit. This article attempts mainly to investigate the reasons for the lack of variable-speed drives. Consequently, the aptitude of the TPIMs for operating at variable speed is to be estimated and the suitable power electronic topologies identified. The most common form of a typical two-phase machine is the permanent split-capacitor motor (PSCM), usually recognized as the single-phase induction machine.

Modeling of Induction Machines Including Stator and Rotor Slot Effects

Three-phase as well as single-phase induction machines form the backbone of a substantial portion of the adjustable-speed drives' applications. Among the current estimation techniques available for speed-sensorless induction motor drives, speed measurement based on rotor or principal slot harmonics (RSH or PSH) detection in machine line current happens to be a prominent one. In practice, two predominant RSH can be seen. The present paper attempts to investigate the effect of slot permeance on the production of RSH. Simulation studies on a small motor but with a popular stator, rotor slot, and pole combination suggest that their effect is less significant compared to rotor space harmonics effect. Also, out of the two aforementioned RSH, the cause of the less significant slot harmonic is shown to be the negative-sequence-current-induced reverse rotating field. Voltage unbalances and constructional imperfections can cause negative-sequence current even in a healthy machine. Thus, although the less significant RSH is absent in the simulated line current of an idealized machine running from a balanced supply, it can be detected in an actual machine.

Modelling of single phase induction machines

This paper considers a novel model of a single phase, capacitor start induction motor that is based on the use of an ideal rotating transformer (IRTF). The model is an extension of the IRTF based model already used for modelling three phase and DC machines. The paper outlines the new model and discusses an application of the model. A TRIAC is connected in series with the machine as to allow control of the motor speed. Experimental and simulation results of the new model confirm the validity of the work carried out.

Adjustable-speed single-phase im drive with reduced number of switches

A novel low-cost single-phase induction machine drive containing only two controlled solid-state switches is presented. The drive is intended for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning or a similar type of application requiring variable-speed operation with a fan-type load characteristic. An experimental drive based on the proposed setup has been built to verify its practical viability and to analyze its properties. The paper presents the results obtained from an investigation into this new topology and discusses the properties and characteristics of the drive for the entire speed range from 0 to 60 Hz.