Single-phase Diode Bridge Rectifier Research Articles

Dynamic Phasor-Based Modeling and Simulation of a Single-Phase Diode-Bridge Rectifier

This paper presents dynamic phasor (DP) models of a single-phase diode-bridge rectifier (DBR). Single-phase DBRs serve as a primary building block of consumer electronics, whether with a simple filter or coupled with additional circuitry to produce unity power factor rectification. Four DP models are proposed, two models (DP-SF and DP-AW) suitable for systems with negligible line inductance and two models (DP-Full and DP-Fund) which can be used when the line inductance causes significant commutation overlap. The proposed models are implemented in MATLAB and simulation results are compared against a detailed switching model simulation. A significant reduction in simulation time is demonstrated by the proposed DP models. The simulation results are validated against experimental data, confirming the accuracy of the proposed modeling approaches.

A New Analytical Model of Single-Phase Diode Bridge Rectifiers in the Presence of Interharmonics in Supply Voltage

In this paper, a new accurate and comprehensive analytical model of harmonic and interharmonic distortion produced by a single-phase AC/DC diode bridge rectifier (DBR) is presented. Its main and new characteristic is the ability to consider the presence of interharmonics in addition to harmonics in the voltage at the terminals of DBR due to the background distortion. Analytical expressions able to predict DC voltage and AC current either in time or frequency domains are obtained. Several numerical and experimental tests have been performed showing very accurate results. The proposed model presents all the advantages of analytical models (e.g., fastness); therefore, it can be easily integrated with iterative harmonic and interharmonic analysis procedures. Subsequent applications are the possibility to perform parametric analyses and probabilistic studies, to derive harmonically and interharmonically coupled admittance matrices, to help in introducing standard limits for interharmonics.

Comparison of Models of Single-Phase Diode Bridge Rectifiers for Their Use in Harmonic Studies with Many Devices

Harmonic modeling of low-voltage networks with many devices requires simple but accurate models. This paper investigates the advantages and drawbacks of such models to predict the current harmonics created by single-phase full-bridge rectifiers. An overview is given of the methods, limiting the focus to harmonic analysis. The error of each method, compared to an accurate numerical simulation model, is quantified in frequency and time domain considering realistic input scenarios, including background voltage distortion and different system impedances. The results of the comparison are used to discuss the applicability of the models depending on the harmonic studies scale and the required level of detail. It is concluded that all models have their applicability, but also limitations. From the simplest and fastest model, which does not require a numerical solution, to the more accurate one that allows discontinuous conduction mode to be included, the trade-off involves accuracy and computational complexity.

A 36-Pulse Diode-Bridge Rectifier Using Dual Passive Harmonic Reduction Methods at DC Link

In order to simultaneously reduce the harmonics of input line current and ripple of load voltage in multipulse diode-bridge rectifier, this paper proposes a 36-pulse rectifier using dual passive harmonic reduction methods at dc link. The proposed rectifier combines a 12-pulse rectifier and a multiwinding interphase reactor (IPR). The primary winding of the multiwinding IPR and two diodes constitute the double-tapped IPR, which is named as the first harmonic reduction method; the secondary winding of the multiwinding IPR and a single-phase diode-bridge rectifier formulate the second harmonic reduction method. When the multiwinding IPR is designed optimally, the pulse number of load voltage and step number of input line current can be increased from 12 to 24 by using the first method and from 24 to 36 by using the second method. The operation of the multiwinding IPR is analyzed, and the optimal turn ratio of the multiwinding IPR is obtained from the perspective of minimizing the total harmonic distortion of input line current. When the multiwinding IPR is designed optimally, both the pulse number of load voltage and step number of input line current are 36 per power supply cycle. Compared with the 12-pulse rectifier, in the proposed rectifier, the harmonics of input line current and ripple of load voltage are reduced significantly. The proposed rectifier is simpler and easier to realize than other methods. Some simulation and experiments are carried out to validate the theoretical analysis.

Optimum Design of 48-Pulse Rectifier Using Unconventional Interphase Reactor

In order to simultaneously reduce the harmonics of input line current and ripple of load voltage in multipulse rectifier, this paper proposes a 48-pulse rectifier using the unconventional interphase reactor (IPR) with an auxiliary single-phase diode-bridge rectifier at the dc link. The primary winding of the unconventional IPR is triple-tapped, and the secondary winding is connected with a single-phase diode-bridge rectifier. The operation mode of the unconventional IPR is analyzed, and the optimal tap ratio and turn ratio are designed. With the optimal parameters of the IPR and the optimal conduction time sequence of power devices, the proposed rectifier extends the conventional 36-pulse rectifier operation to a 48-pulse operation and draws near sinusoidal input line currents, the total harmonic distortion (THD) of which is about 3.81%. The proposed 48-pulse rectifier is easy and simple to implement, and it is more suitable for high-voltage and large-current application. Some simulation and experiments are provided to validate the theoretical analysis.

A Simple Harmonic Reduction Method in Multipulse Rectifier Using Passive Devices

This paper proposes a novel and passive harmonic reduction method at dc link of multipulse rectifier (MPR). The proposed method uses a single-phase diode-bridge rectifier to generate circulating current, which can shape the input line current of MPR. The input side of the single-phase diode-bridge rectifier is connected with the secondary winding of interphase reactor (IPR), and its output side is connected with load, which can recycle the harmonic energy and feed to load. The operation mode of the single-phase diode-bridge rectifier is analyzed, and the turn ratio of the IPR is designed optimally. Under ideal condition, the proposed MPR operates as a 24-pulse rectifier, and its total harmonic distortion (THD) of input line current is about 7.6%. Most of all, the proposed method is easy to be used in different 12-pulse rectifier topologies, and its conduction losses are far less than that of the conventional double-tapped IPR. Simulation and experiment results show that the THD of input line current is less than 5%.

Design of Single Phase Active Front End Converter With Reduced Line Current Harmonics for Power Factor Improvement

Low power factor and high harmonic content are the major drawbacks of conventional front end converters. This paper is based on the difference between the performance of single phase diode bridge rectifier and the active front-end converter in terms of the %THD of the line current and power factor improvement. There are some of the major disadvantage of conventional front-end rectifiers like low power factor and high harmonic content. Hence, there is a continuous need for improvement of power factor and reduction of line current harmonics. Development of new circuit topologies and control strategies for Power Factor Correction (PFC) and harmonic reduction has become still more essential with the introduction of strong technical IEC standards. This work is basically on Power Factor improvement using phase shifted Technique in which the two single phase converters are connected in parallel to meet the load demand as well as to improve the power factor. Power factor of the source side will be maintained nearly unity. Output DC link voltage will remain constant irrespective of load variation. The control strategy for single phase front end converter consists of inner current-loop and outer voltage-loop. The proposed converter operates in forward power as well as in reverse power conditions.

English

The field oriented control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (PMSM) is investigated. The rotor magnetic field position information is obtained from the shaft position sensor. Robust instantaneous torque control is achieved with the help of sensored field oriented control. The modulation technique employed to drive the inverter switches is chosen to be Space Vector Modulation (SVM) for the ease of digital implementation and better dc bus utilization. The DC bus for the inverter is obtained from a boost converter fed by a single phase diode bridge rectifier. Power factor correction is performed in the front end boost converter of the drive; therefore unity power factor operation is achieved. The overall system is modelled in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The performance of the PFC unit is analyzed under different loading conditions and it is found that the power factor lies close to unity. The torque response under various loading conditions are found to be instantaneous and in line with the principle of vector control. A prototype to assess the performance of PFC is attempted using PFC IC and the experimental results are obtained.

Analysis and Design of Bridgeless Switched Mode Power Supply for Computers

Switched mode power supplies (SMPSs) used in computers need multiple isolated and stiffly regulated output dc voltages with different current ratings. These isolated multiple output dc voltages are obtained by using a multi-winding high frequency transformer (HFT). A half-bridge dc-dc converter is used here for obtaining different isolated and well regulated dc voltages. In the front end, non-isolated Single Ended Primary Inductance Converters (SEPICs) are added to improve the power quality in terms of low input current harmonics and high power factor (PF). Two non-isolated SEPICs are connected in a way to completely eliminate the need of single-phase diode-bridge rectifier at the front end. Output dc voltages at both the non-isolated and isolated stages are controlled and regulated separately for power quality improvement. A voltage mode control approach is used in the non-isolated SEPIC stage for simple and effective control whereas average current control is used in the second isolated stage.

Power quality improvements in power factor correction Luo converter fed brushless direct current motor drive

Summary This paper presents a power factor correction (PFC) Luo converter based voltage source inverter (VSI) fed brushless direct current (BLDC) motor drive using a single voltage sensor. A single-phase diode bridge rectifier followed by a Luo converter operating in discontinuous inductor current mode (DICM) is used for the direct current link voltage control and PFC operation at alternating current (AC) mains. The speed control is achieved by varying the direct current link voltage of VSI and electronically commutating the BLDC motor using fundamental frequency switching of VSI for reduced switching losses. The proposed PFC-based Luo converter fed BLDC motor drive is designed, and its performance is simulated and validated experimentally for achieving a unity power factor at AC mains over a wide range of speed control at universal AC mains. The achieved power quality indices are observed under the acceptable limits of international power quality standard such as IEC 61000-3-2. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Forced commutation controlled series capacitor (FCSC) circuit applied to stand-alone wave energy conversion buoys

Stand-alone buoys are used as navigation aids and for scientific marine research, including the measurement of seismographic movements of the seabed as part of a tsunami warning system. Solar power is commonly used to power up the electronic devices of these buoys. However, due to limitations in delivering constant power from solar panels, linear electric generators have been employed as an alternative/additional power source to convert the energy of oceanic waves into electricity. The variable AC amplitude and frequency of the generated voltage waveform is usually converted to DC using a simple, low cost diode bridge rectifier resulting in a low operating power factor (PF) and low power transfer capacity because of the high inductive reactance of linear electric generators. A Forced Commutation Controlled Series Capacitor (FCSC) technique is employed in this paper to improve the PF of these variable amplitude and very low and variable frequency devices. FCSC circuits have been employed in the past in power transmission networks where the voltage and frequency are fixed, but never in a wave power application where the amplitude and frequency of the AC voltage are variable. This paper provides an analytical description of the proposed FCSC converter. The method is experimentally demonstrated and evaluated using a 2.25kVA test circuit. A comparison of the performance of the FSCS circuit with a standard uncontrolled single-phase diode bridge rectifier circuit is included.

Modeling, Controller Design and Simulation of Power System Friendly Power Supply

The paper is based on the performance comparison of single-phase diode-bridge rectifier and the proposed front-end converter in terms of the Total Harmonic Distortion (%THD) of the line current, power factor of the system and ability of energy saving of the converter by capability of reverse power flow action. The parameters of the voltage control-loop for proposed converter are derived by two methods named Unity Modulus (Magnitude Optimum) method and Ziegler-Nichols method. The parameters obtained from both the methods are compared by the mathematical model for forward and reverse power flow mode of operation. The model is generated in Simulink toolbox of MATLAB and results are obtained for steady state, transient and dynamic conditions. It is observed that the unity power factor is maintained during all the conditions for various loads. Drastic reduction in %THD of input current waveform is obtained in proposed power supply with an added advantage of regenerative capability. For comparison of results of control-loops, a programming file (M- file) is also generated in MATLAB and from the same file the step-response and Nyquist plots are obtained for system control-loops. The experiment results are also obtained for the prototype converter in inverter mode. The power system friendliness of the proposed front-end converter is quite evident from the results presented in the paper.

Some Novel Rectifier Configurations for Reducing Input Current Distortion

This paper presents some novel single-phase diode bridge rectifier configurations which can significantly reduce harmonic currents in supply lines based on harmonic injecting and counteracting method5, the principle of which is to reverse a second harmonic current every other cycle and reinject it into utility source to counteract harmonic currents.

Effect of interactions between voltage and current harmonics on the net harmonic current produced by single phase non-linear loads

The effect of the interaction between both load voltage and current harmonics on the net harmonic current produced by different types of single phase non-linear loads is investigated. Two types of loads are considered: the fluorescent lamps' load and single phase diode bridge rectifiers' load. Studies are done on each load alone and then on the combination of both. The electromagnetic transient program has been used to model these loads. The computer simulations are supported by laboratory testing. The main conclusion of this work is that neglecting the interactions between both voltage and current harmonics will result in incorrect estimation of the harmonic current produced by these loads. Also it is concluded that using a combination of different types of loads can result in a reduction of the current and voltage distortions.

Active power filter with sliding mode control

Indexing terms: Active power filter, Harmonics, Sliding mode controller, Reactive power, Neutral current Abstract: The paper presents an active power filter (APF) to eliminate harmonics and to compensate reactive power and neutral current of three-phase four-wire symmetrical and unbalanced nonlinear loads. A set of three single- phase insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)- based voltage source inverter (VSI) bridges with a common DC bus capacitor is used as the APF. A sliding mode controller (SMC) over the average DC bus voltage is used for the control. A hysteresis rule based carrierless pulse width modulation (PWM) current control is employed to generate the gating signals to the switching devices. A set of three single-phase diode bridge rectifiers with capacitive-resistive loading is used for nonlinear loading. The simulation results show that the APF is capable of compensating reactive power, neutral current and load unbalance and reducing the harmonic level below the limit specified in IEEE-519 standard.

Effect of supply voltage harmonics on the input current of single-phase diode bridge rectifier loads

This paper describes the effect of supply voltage harmonics on the response of single-phase capacitor-filtered diode bridge rectifier loads. A complete analytical model for calculating the current harmonics of these loads, when energized by nonsinusoidal supply voltages, is presented. The model is then used to investigate the effect of supply voltage harmonics on current harmonics. The key findings of the paper are as follows: (1) the phase angles of supply voltage harmonics determine whether or not these harmonics increase or decrease current distortion. In general, a peaked voltage wave increases input current distortion, whereas a flattened wave has the opposite effect. Because of this complex relationship, voltage crest factor is a much better predictor of total harmonic current distortion than is total harmonic voltage distortion. (2) The current harmonics created by these loads produce voltage harmonics that tend to have a partial self-compensating effect on the current harmonics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

A Harmonic Analysis of Single-Phase Rectifier with a DC Filter Capacitor.

A single-phase diode bridge rectifier with a filter capacitor on the DC side is often employed to convert AC input into a DC voltage. The input current of the rectifier contains harmonic currents which cause undesirable power line effects. Recently, a method using the time domain analysis has been proposed to calculate the harmonic currents of rectifier considering noninfinite capacitance, i.e. non-zero DC side impedance. This method is very accurate, but it requires a long computing time and a complicated algorithm.This paper proposes a new method that makes it possible to easily calculate the harmonic currents taking into account the effects of the AC and DC side impedances of rectifier. The proposed method, which is based on the frequency domain method, can be executed only with the algebraic computation, and its accuracy is quite high. The validity of the proposed method is also demonstrated by comparison with the results of time simulation.