Several pretreatment characteristics in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) have been associated with meaningful differences in survival. In patients with limited-stage disease,good PS, female gender, age younger than 70 years, normal LDH,and stage I disease are associated with a more favorable prognosis.In patients with extensive-stage disease, normal LDH and a single metastatic site are favorable prognostic factors. Recently our study revealed that LD stage SCLC treated with multidisciplinary therapy including surgery had beter survival outcome. We try to explore clinical and pathologic factors that affect the prognosis of SCLC treated with postoperative chemotherapy in this retrospective study. From Jan 1999 to Dec 2004, 111 patients treated with postoperative chemotherapy in our single institute were reviewed retrospectively. Postoperative chemotherapy including platin-contained or non-platin contained standard regime: CE (Carboplatin AUC 5 d1 Etoposide 100mg/m2 d1-5,q3w), EP (cisplatin 60-80/mg2 divided into 3 days/Etoposide 100mg/m2 d1-5,q3w), CAO (Cyclophosphamide 1000mg/m2 d1/Doxorubicin 45 mg/m2 d1/Vincristine 2mg d1, q3w), CAP (Cyclophosphamide 1000mg/m2 d1/Doxorubicin 45 mg/m2 d1/cisplatin 60-80/mg2 divided into 3 days, q3w). Postoperative chemotherapy range from 1 to 13 cycles, median cycles 6. Prognostic analysis included clinical and pathologic factors related. The overall median survival time (MST) of SCLC treat with postoperative chemotherapy is 38 months, the 1-,3-,5 year survival rate was 85.6%, 50.6%, 38.7%,respectively. The significant prognostic factors for survival in these series of patients were early stage, female, no lymphnode metastasis, no lymphovascular invasion (P=0.001), and more chemotherapy cycles (p=0.032). According to TNM stage system, the MST of stage IA and IB were not reached,for stage IIB, IIIA and IIIB was 52 months, 24 months and 13 months (P=0.006), respectively. MST of male and female were 35 months and not reached (P=0.042); lymphnode metastasis and no lymphnode metastasis were 26 months and not reached (P=0.001), lymphovascular invasion and no lymphovascular invasion were 15 and 51 months, and MST of received 1-3,4-6 and more than 6 chemotherapy cycles were 26,40months and not reached. For 66 pts with stage III, the MST of postoperative chemotherapy and postoperative chemoradiotherapy were 20 and 40 months, 5 years survival rate were 26.1% and 45.3% (P=0.071). Cox's multivariate analysis identified sex (P=0.011), lymphovascular invasion (P=0.002), TNM stage (P=0.019), combined radiotherapy (P=0.030) and more chemotherapy cycles (P=0.009) as independent prognostic variables. For SCLC treated with postoperative chemotherapy, TNM stage system was an important prognostic factor, sex, lymphovascular invasion,combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy cycles also affect overall survival time.