Single High-risk Human Papillomavirus Research Articles

The role of multiple high-risk human papillomavirus infection on the persistence recurrence of high-grade cervical lesions after standard treatment: A systematic review and a meta-analysis.

The role of multiple high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections on the occurrence of persistence/recurrence of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) after conization/surgery for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was evaluated. A systematic search of Pubmed/Medine, Scopus, Cochrane databases from inception to June 30, 2023 was performed. Three reviewers independently screened the abstracts of the selected studies and extracted data from full-text articles. The data were subsequently tabulated and compared for consistency. The bias associated with each included study was evaluated according to the OSQE method. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023433022. Out of 1606 records screened, 22 full text articles met the inclusion criteria. A total of 8321 subjects treated (loop electrosurgical excision, laser or surgery) because of HSIL were followed-up and included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of overall persistence and/or recurrence was 17.6 (95% CI: 12.3-23.5) in multiple and 14.3 (95% CI: 10.1-19.2) in single HR-HPV infections detected shortly before or at surgery. The pooled rate of multiple HR-HPV infections was 25% (95% CI: 20.4-30). The odds ratio of histologically confirmed HSIL persistence and/or recurrence was significantly higher (OR: 1.38, 95% CI:1.08-1.75, p = 0.01, heterogeneity = 39%) among multiple than single HR-HPV infections. Increased risk of HSIL persistence/recurrence was more marked among studies with multiple HR-HPVs prevalence ≥25% (12 studies, N = 3476) (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.18-1.84, heterogeneity = 0%) and in those evaluating true histologically confirmed recurrence after at least 6 months of negative follow-up (9 studies, N = 5073) (OR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.17-2.37, heterogeneity = 37%). Multiple HR-HPVs infection detected during follow-up visits had no effect on the risk of recurrence although the number of included studies was small (4 studies, N = 1248) (OR: 0.98, 95% CI: 0.68-1.39, heterogeneity = 0%). The risk of bias was rated as high in 10 and low-moderate in 12 studies, respectively. In subgroup analysis, the risk of bias of the included studies (low/moderate vs. high), had a small, although not significant effect on the odds ratios of persistence/recurrence of HSIL (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.23-2 for low-moderate risk of bias and OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 0.65-1.75 for high risk of bias; p-value for subgroup differences = 0.17). Multiple HR-HPVs infections at the time of standard treatment of HSIL entail a small but significant increased risk of persistence/recurrence of HSIL and should be taken into account in the follow-up plan.

Epidemiology and genotypes analysis of human papillomavirus infection in Beijing, China

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in the female population in Beijing, China, and identify the relationship between HPV genotypes and host factors.MethodsHPV testing was performed on women aged 15–89 (mean age 38.0 ± 10.9 years) from Beijing in 2020. High-risk HPV genotyping real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine HPV genotypes. The overall prevalence, age-specific prevalence, genotype distribution, and the correlation between HPV genotypes and cervical cytology were analyzed.ResultsAmong the 25,344 study participants, the single and double infection rates were 18.8% (4,777/25,344) and 4.2% (1,072/25,344), respectively. A total of 6,119 HPV-positive individuals were found to have 91.6% negative results for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (NILM), 5.8% atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), 0.9% low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and 1.7% high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). In single HPV infections, the HPV16 genotype was highly associated with cervical cytology severity (χ2 trend = 172.487, P < 0.001). Additionally, HPV infection rates increased gradually with age, and statistical differences were observed across age groups (χ2 = 180.575; P < 0.001). High-risk HPV genotypes were highly prevalent in women below 25 years of age and those aged 55–59 years. Cluster analysis revealed that the 13 HPV genotypes could be roughly divided into two groups in a single infection; however, patterns of infection consistent with biological characteristics were not observed.ConclusionHigh-risk HPV was found in 24.1% of outpatients, with HPV52, HPV58, HPV16, HPV39, and HPV51 being the most common high-risk genotypes. Single high-risk HPV infection was predominant. HPV16, HPV39, HPV51, and HPV52 were associated with cervical lesion progression. HPV16 infection was especially worrying since it aggravates cervical lesions. Because the infection rates of the 13 HPV genotypes differed by age, the peak HPV infection rate should not guide vaccination, screening, and prevention programs. Instead, these initiatives should be tailored based on the regional HPV distribution characteristics. Moreover, it was determined that Beijing’s populace needed to receive treatment for HPV39 infection.

Confronting the human papillomavirus-HIV intersection: Cervical cytology implications for Kenyan women living with HIV.

High-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is the primary cause of cervical cancer, leading to over 311 000 global deaths, mainly in low- and middle-income countries. Kenyan women living with HIV (WLHIV) face a disproportionate burden of HR-HPV. We determined the prevalence of HR-HPV infections and their association with cervical cytology findings among Kenyan WLHIV. We conducted a cross-sectional study among WLHIV attending the HIV care and treatment clinic at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Kenya's national referral hospital. Study nurses collected a cervical sample with a cytobrush for HR-HPV genotyping using Gene Xpert® assays and HPV Genotypes 14 Real-TM Quant V67-100FRT. Bivariate analysis explored the associations. We enrolled 647 WLHIV (mean age of 42.8 years), with 97.2% on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and 79% with a suppressed viral load (< 50 copies/mL plasma). The prevalence of any and vaccine-preventable HR-HPV was 34.6% and 29.4%, respectively, with HPV 52 being the most common genotype (13.4%). Among WLHIV with HR-HPV infections, 21.4% had abnormal cervical cytology. Women with multiple HR-HPV infections were more likely to have abnormal cytology compared to those with single HR-HPV infections (34.9 vs 9.3%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 6.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7-14.1, P = 0.001). Women with HR-HPV infection (single or multiple) were more likely to be on the second-line ART regimen compared to those without HR-HPV infections (53.1% vs 46.7%, aOR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.3-4.1, P = 0.005). Among WLHIV at KNH, abnormal cytology was common and more frequent among women with multiple HR-HPV infections.

The features of high-risk human papillomavirus infection in different female genital sites and impacts on HPV-based cervical cancer screening

BackgroundThe causal role of high-risk Human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) in the pathogenesis of anogenital cancers is well established. In contrast, information on HR-HPV distribution of continuous anatomic sites within the female genital tract is limited, and the impact of sample type on the clinical performance in HPV-based cervical cancer screening warrants investigation.MethodsA total of 2,646 Chinese women were enrolled in the study from May 2006 to April 2007. We analyzed the infection features by infection status and pathological diagnoses of 489 women with complete HR-HPV type and viral load data on the cervix, upper vagina, lower vagina, and perineum samples. Additionally, we assessed the clinical performance for detecting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade two or worse (≥ CIN2) among these four types of samples.ResultsHR-HPV positivity rate was lower in the cervix (51.53%) and perineum (55.83%), higher in the upper (65.64%) and lower vagina (64.42%), and increased with the severity of cervical histological lesions (all P<0.001). Single infection was more dominant than multiple infections at each anatomic site of the female genital tract. The proportion of single HR-HPV infection decreased successively from the cervix (67.05%) to the perineum (50.00%) (Ptrend=0.019) in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1) and was higher in samples of the cervix (85.11%) and perineum (72.34%) in ≥ CIN2. In addition, the highest viral load was observed in the cervix compared to the other three sites. The overall agreement of the cervical and perineum samples was 79.35% and increased continuously from normal (76.55%) to ≥ CIN2 (91.49%). As for the detection of ≥ CIN2, the sensitivity was 100.00%, 97.87%, 95.74%, and 91.49% for the cervix, upper vagina, lower vagina, and perineum samples, respectively.ConclusionsSingle HR-HPV infection predominated throughout the female genital tract, but the viral load was lower compared to multiple HR-HPV infections. Despite the decreasing viral load from cervix to perineum, the clinical performance for detecting ≥ CIN2 of the perineum sample was comparable to that of the cervix.

Incorporating HPV 33 and cytology into HPV 16/18 screening may be feasible. A cross-sectional study.

The distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) varies geographically, and each country is making its screening and vaccination program. This study questioned the need for colposcopy for HPV types other than HPV 16 and 18, and the need for cytology incorporated into HPV testing. 1043 consecutive patients referred for colposcopy are included in this retrospective study. Logistic regression analysis, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation were used for statistical analysis. The value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. HPV 16 was the most common HPV type referred, followed by HPV 18, 52, 51, and 31, respectively. HPV 16 tends to be positive in younger patients than other HPV types (p < 0.05). Only HPV 16 (OR: 1.41, 1.06-1.88 95% CI) and HPV 33 (OR: 2.23; 1.06-4.64 95% CI) (p < 0.05) had significant prediction for CIN 2 + lesions. In patients with only a cytological abnormality, cytological abnormality with single other high-risk (hr) HPV (without HPV 16 or 18) or double other hrHPV positivity but without HPV 16 and 18 infections, we detected 159 (19%) CIN 2 + lesions. HPV 33 may be implemented in hrHPV screening protocols for direct colposcopy referral as well as HPV 16 and HPV 18 in specific regions. If we had opted for HPV-based screening only for HPV 16 and 18 without cytology, 19% of all CIN 2 + lesions would have been missed. HPV-based screening only with HPV 16 and 18 may not be feasible. Nonavalent vaccines should be considered for the vaccination of specific populations.

Prevalent characteristics of human papillomavirus infection in 29,508 women in Jinshan District, Shanghai

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in 29,508 female cases in Jinshan District, Shanghai. Materials and methodsThe current research represents a retrospective study that included 29,508 women who received cervical screening in the Jinshan Branch of Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital from 2010 to 2020. The overall prevalence, distribution types, age-specific prevalence and annual trends were analysed. ResultsThe overall HPV infection rate among the patients was 21.97%. They were primarily high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infections (20.30%) and single HPV infections (15.91%). A general decline in HPV and HR-HPV prevalence was observed with time from 33.52% to 25.45% in 2011 to 21.47% and 20.18% in 2020. The most common HPV genotypes were HPV52, HPV16, HPV58, HPV51, HPV53 and HPV68. The infection rates of HPV genotypes, including HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, HPV33, HPV35, HPV39, HPV42, HPV43, HPV66 and HPV68, showed overall declines across different years. The age-specific prevalence of total HPV and HR-HPV infections formed an approximate U-shaped curve with two peaks, one in the ≥55 age group (29.75%, 28.43%) and the other in the <25 age group (22.93%, 20.85%). Both total HPV and HR-HPV infection rates decreased to their lowest in the 25–34-year age groups. ConclusionsThe prevalence of HPV infections showed a downward tendency with time. Single HPV genotype infections and HR-HPV infections were predominantly detected. The after prevalent characteristics of HPV can help to guide HPV vaccinations and cervical cancer screenings: 1) non-HPV16/HPV18 H R-HPV genotypes were prevalent;2) non-vaccine-covered HPV53, HPV51 and HPV68 were also prevalent; 3) women above the age of 55 years had the highest HPV and HR-HPV infection rates.

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection among Women in Beijing, China: A Two-Year Cross-Sectional Comparative Study

Objective: Our study aimed to observe the dynamic epidemiological characteristics of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection among women in Beijing, China, between 2015 and 2020. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on all collected cervical specimens from women who underwent HR-HPV examination in the outpatient clinic, ward, and physical examination center of Beijing Chao yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, from April to December 2015, and from April to December 2020. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied to detect 15 HR-HPV genotypes. Results: A total of 26003 patients were enrolled in the study. No statistical difference was detected in the HR-HPV infection rate between the two years (22.1% versus 23.1%, P&gt;0.05). The top five genotypes were HPV52/58, 16, 56 and 51, in descending order in both years. Single HR-HPV infection was the most frequent infection type in both years. The proportion of single infection in 2015 and 2020 were 73.32% (2218/3025) and 76.22% (2167/2843), respectively. There was no significant difference in infection rates across age groups in 2015, but the infection rate curve of 2020 was “bimodal”, with two peaks in young women (≤24 years-old group) group and the 60-64 years-old (y) group, with the trough in the 45-49y group. Conclusions: There was no significant change in the overall HR-HPV infection rate of women in Beijing, and the genotype distribution of HR-HPV seldom changed except for the age-related infection rate during the last 5 years. These findings may provide baseline information for local administrations topromote targeted HPV screening and HPV vaccination.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection among women aged 30–65 years in Xi’an, China: a population-based study of 14,655 women

ABSTRACT Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide in terms of both incidence and mortality. Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified as a cause of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and invasive cervical cancer. The distribution of human papillomavirus genotypes varies regionally. To acquire baseline data on the population-based prevalence and genotype distribution of HPV infection, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of HPV infection among women in Xi’an, China. The study was conducted from September 2018 to December 2020. A total of 14,655 women aged 30–65 years were screened. The overall prevalence of HPV infection was 13.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.0–14.1%), with 10.4% of participants being positive for a single HPV type and 3.1% being positive for multiple HPV types. The prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV), low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) and mixed HPV infection was 10.1% (95% CI: 9.6–10.5%), 2.2% (95% CI: 2.0–2.4%), and 1.3% (95% CI: 1.1–1.5%), respectively. The five most frequently detected HR-HPV types were types 52 (2.6%), 16 (1.9%), 53 (1.8%), 58 (1.4%), and 51 (0.9%). The most frequently detected LR-HPV type was HPV-42 (1.1%). The prevalence and HPV genotype distribution varied by region and age. Age-specific HPV prevalence peaked in the over 60 years age group (18.8%), and Beilin District had the highest HPV prevalence (18.1%). The results of this first population-based study provide a reference for HPV-based cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccination programs in Xi’an.

Type Specific Human Papilloma Virus Prevalence and Distribution in Women with Abnormal Cervical Cytology: A Single Centre Retrospective Observational Study in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a major cause of cervical cancer and premalignant dysplasia. The prevalence and distribution of different high-risk HPV genotypes can affect HPV vaccination strategies and the design of cervical cancer prevention programs. Objective: Here, we aimed to determine the prevalence of different HPV genotypes in women with abnormal Cervical cytology in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), evaluate correlations between HPV genotypes and the degree of cervical dysplasia, and observe distributions of HPV genotypes across age groups. Methods: The study included 442 women who underwent HPV genotyping at our institution between January 2018 and September 2019. A retrospective chart review was conducted for all 442 cases, and data were collected from hospital records. Results: The overall HPV positivity rate was 56.1%. The prevalence of high-risk HPV was 48%; 35.4% of patients had multiple high-risk HPV strains, whereas 64.6% had a single high-risk HPV strain. The most common high-risk HPV genotype was HPV-16 (15.2%), followed by HPV-31 (11.7%), HPV-53 (8.9%), HPV-66 (8.6%), and HPV-51 (8.3%). The prevalence of HPV-18 was only 3.8%. The high-risk HPV positivity rate Increased from 39% in women with Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) to 81% in women with Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (LSILs), 81.3% in women with atypical squamous cells cannot rule out High-Frade Lesions, and 80% in women with High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions (HSILs). The multiple high-risk HPV strain positivity rate increased from 32.4% in ASCUS to 44.7% in LSIL and 62.5% in HSIL. Increased HPV positivity rates and prevalence of HPV-16 were noted with increasing severity of cervical dysplasia. Decreased HPV positivity was observed with increasing age. Conclusion: Overall, because the prevalence and distribution of different high-risk HPV genotypes affect HPV vaccination strategies, our findings may be useful for the design of cervical cancer prevention programs.

Distribution of High-risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes in Cervical Secretions in Punjab.

To determine the high risk-human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) prevalence, genotype distribution, and associated risk factors in women with general gynaecological problems. Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Lady Wallingdon Hospital, Lahore from August 2018 to May 2019. One hundred females with general gynaecological problems constituted the sample. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and liquid base cytology were performed for HR-HPV detection, genotyping, and cytological changes in cervical samples. The overall prevalence of HR-HPV was found to be 57%, with the most frequent HR-HPV genotypes HPV 16 (18%), HPV 18 (6%), and HPV 45 (1%). The total prevalence of single HR-HPV infection was 25%; whereas, multiple co-infection of HR-HPV was seen in 32% of cases. In total, 81% of these women had normal cytology and 19% had cytologic abnormalities. A significant association was observed between HR-HPV infection and general gynaecological complaints and between HR-HPV infection and cytological abnormalities (p < 0.001). The HR-HPV prevalence was 57% with the most prevalent genotypes were HPV 16 and HPV 18. The results will also aid the identification of HR-HPV 51 and 31 genotypes, which should be added in the multi-type HPV vaccines. Key Words: Cancer of cervix, Human papillomavirus, Papanicolaou test, Pakistan.

Prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus infection among Kazakhstani women attending gynecological outpatient clinics

ObjectivesTo conduct a nationwide high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection genotyping analysis of women attending gynecological clinics and identify factors associated with HR-HPV infection. MethodsA cross-sectional survey-based study with 759 participants. Demographics, lifestyle, and medical history data were collected by questionnaire completed by gynecologists during patients’ visits. Cervical swabs were used for HPV genotyping using AmpliSens kit. Data analysis included descriptive statistics consisting of mean values, standard deviations, and frequencies, where applicable. Ordinal logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with HPV infection status. ResultsThe mean age of participants was 36.51 ± 10.09 years. The majority of participants were aged 26–35 years. Less than half of the women (39%) were HPV positive; 26% had single HR-HPV, and 13% had multiple HR-HPV infection. The most prevalent HR-HPV genotypes were HPV-16 (54%), HPV-51 (7%), HPV-68 (7%), and HPV-18 (6%). Ordinal logistic regression demonstrated that older age, not being single, and having a history of sexually transmitted infections, decrease the odds of HPV infection. ConclusionThis study identified high prevalence of HR-HPV among Kazakhstani women. Our results showed that adding HPV testing to compulsory cervical cancer screening in Kazakhstan could improve the screening program and decrease cervical cancer rates.

Genotype-specific Distribution and Change of High-risk Human Papillomavirus Infection and the Association with Cervical Progression Risk in Women with Normal Pathology and Abnormal Cytology in a Population-based Cohort Study in China.

Objectives: Women with normal pathology screened from abnormal cervical cytology are a special population with higher progression risk than women with normal cytology. However, the associations between genotype distribution and changes of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infection and cervical progression risk in this special population remain unclear.Methods: A total of 1232 women with normal pathology screened from abnormal cervical cytology were enrolled into this cohort with 2-year follow-up. HPV genotyping detection was performed through flow-through hybridization. Hazard ratios (HRs) and Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazard regression and logistic regression models, respectively.Results: Overall HR-HPV prevalence at baseline was 29.0%, with HPV16, 52, 58, 53 and 51 the top five genotypes. The 2-year persistence rate of HR-HPV infection was 31.9%. Compared with HR-HPV negative, the adjusted HRs of overall HR-HPV, HPV16, 31/33, 58, 51, and 53 infections for the progression risk of normal cervix were 5.31, 7.10, 6.95, 5.74, 5.04, and 4.88, respectively. Multiple HR-HPV infection cannot lead to an additional risk of progression relative to single HR-HPV infection. In comparison with HR-HPV persistently negative, same-type HR-HPV persistence was positively associated with progression risk of normal cervix (adjusted OR: 22.26), but different-type HR-HPV persistence was not linked to cervical progression.Conclusion: Genotypes and persistence of HR-HPV infection could stratify the cervical progression risk in women with normal cervical pathology and abnormal cytology and provide evidence for development of next generation of vaccines. HPV51 and 53 deserved attention apart from HPV16, 31, 33, and 58.

Correlation between Human Papillomavirus Codetection Profiles and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Japanese Women.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is thought to be strongly associated with the precarcinomatous state cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical carcinoma. To accurately assess the correlation between HPV detection profiles and CIN, the uniplex E6/E7 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used. We detected HPV (37 genotypes) in 267 CIN cases. The detection of a single high-risk HPV genotype occurred in 69.7% of CIN1 and worse than CIN1 (CIN1+) cases whereas other types were detected in 11.6% of cases. Codetection of high-risk HPV genotypes occurred in 4.9% of CIN1+ cases. The high-risk genotype HPV16 was the most frequently detected genotype in CIN1+ lesions; the genotype HPV34 (not a high-risk type) was detected in some CIN3 cases. Furthermore, HPV codetection may not be associated with CIN grades. These results suggest that various HPV genotypes are associated with CIN across all analyzed cases.

Exploring the dynamics and interplay of human papillomavirus and cervical tumorigenesis by integrating biological data into a mathematical model

BackgroundCervical cancer is the fourth most common tumor in women worldwide, mostly resulting from high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) with persistent infection.ResultsThe present discoveries are comprised of the following: (i) A total of 16.64% of the individuals were positive for HR-HPV infection, with 13.04% having a single HR-HPV type and 3.60% having multiple HR-HPV types. (ii) Cluster analysis showed that the infection rate trends of HPV31 and HPV33 in all infections as well as HPV33 and HPV35 in single infections in precancerous stages were very similar. (iii) The single/multiple infection proportions of HR-HPV demonstrated a trend that the multiple infections rates of HR-HPV increased as the disease developed.ConclusionsThe HR-HPV prevalence in outpatients was 16.64%, and the predominant HR-HPV types in the study were HPV52, HPV58 and HPV16. HR-HPV subtypes with common biological properties had similar infection rate trends in precancerous stages. Especially, as the disease development of precancer evolved, defense against HPV infection broke, meanwhile, the potential of more HPV infection increased, which resulted in increase of multiple infections of HPV.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus in Zhengzhou, China, in 2016.

In this study, the prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in 49,793 women aged 25-64 years were determined by fluorescent real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. HPV was detected in 6,020 women, giving a prevalence of 12.09% (6020/49,793). Single and multiple infections accounted for 71.81% (4323/6020) and 28.19% (1697/6020) of total infections, respectively. The most commonly found genotypes were HPV52 (19.90%, 1198/6020) and HPV16 (19.17%, 1154/6020), followed by HPV58 (13.11%, 789/6020), HPV81 (10.10%, 608/6020) and HPV56 (9.00%, 542/6020). The prevalence of HPV increased with age and was highest in the 54- to 64-year-old age group. The genotypes covered by the nonavalent HPV vaccine accounted for 39.32% (2367/6020) and 22.81% (1373/6020) of the total monoinfections and polyinfections, respectively. This study indicates a high HPV infection rate in women in the city of Zhengzhou and a large percentage of women are infected with single or multiple high-risk HPV genotypes that cannot be prevented using the current nonavalent HPV vaccine. Vaccines incorporating more HPV genotypes and extended age coverage for the current nonavalent vaccine might be necessary to better prevent HPV-related cervical cancer.

Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus among Chinese Women in Sichuan Province.

The estimation of prevalence and genotype distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) is important in formulating strategies for the prevention and screening of cervical cancer. This study aimed to determine HR-HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among Chinese women living in Sichuan Province. A total of 3,089 women were recruited from the Third People's Hospital of Chengdu in Sichuan Province. HR-HPV genotyping was assessed using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Up to 720 women (23.3%) were HR-HPV positive. A total of 81.1% (584/720) of women had a single HR-HPV genotype, and 18.9% (136/720) had multiple genotypes. The most frequently detected HPV genotype was HPV52, followed by HPV58, HPV16, and HPV51. Age subgroup analysis showed 2 peaks for the frequencies of HPV infections, one for the group of women under 29 years old, and the other for the group of women over 50 years old. Among the women for whom cytology results were available, HPV16 was the most commonly detected genotype among women affected with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (32.5%) and squamous cell carcinoma, followed by HPV58, HPV33, and HPV52. This is one of the largest studies to demonstrate HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among Chinese women in Sichuan. The prevalence and genotype distribution of HR-HPV was unique with higher frequencies of HPV52 and HPV58.

Characterization of Human Papillomavirus prevalence and risk factors to guide cervical cancer screening in the North Tongu District, Ghana

IntroductionThis population-based study aimed to fill the knowledge gap on Human Papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and associated sociodemographic risk factors of the general population in the North Tongu District, Ghana. These results are needed to guide cervical cancer prevention efforts, as the leading type of female cancers.MethodsA cross-sectional study including 2002 women in the North Tongu District, Ghana investigated HPV prevalence and associated sociodemographic risk factors. Women were recruited by geographical distribution through the local community-based health system and samples collected using a self-sampling device. For HPV genotyping BSGP5+/6+-PCR with Luminex-MPG readout was used. Multivariate logistic regression analyzed sociodemographic risk factors for HPV positivity.ResultsOf 2002 self-collected samples, 1943 were eligible, contained sufficient DNA and provided valid HPV genotyping results. Prevalence of single high risk HPV types was 32.3% and of multiple high risk types 9.7%. The five most common detected HPV types were HPV16 (7.4%; 95%CI: 6.3–8.7), HPV52 (7.2%; 95%CI: 6.1–8.5), HPV35 (4.8%; 95%CI: 3.9–5.8), HPV59 (4.7%; 95%CI: 3.8–5.8), HPV56 (3.9%; 95%CI: 3.1–4.8). Highest prevalence was observed among women aged 18–24 years, while age 25–54 years was inversely associated with high risk HPV positivity in multivariate analysis. Sociodemographic risk factors identified were i) having any sexual partner, ii) more partners increased the odds for high risk HPV positivity, iii) independently from this marital status, in particular not being married.Discussion & conclusionMost importantly, the high risk HPV prevalence detected from this study is higher than estimates reported for Western Africa. This needs be considered, when deciding on the cervical cancer screening algorithms introduced on a wider scale. Follow-up and triage, depending on the methods chosen, can easily overburden the health system. Self-sampling worked well and provided adequate samples for HPV-based screening. Women with increasing number of sexual partners and not being married were found to have higher odds of being high risk HPV positive, therefore could be a higher prioritized screening target group.

High-risk human papillomavirus infection in female and subsequent risk of infertility: a population-based cohort study

To study whether infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), registered both as a single HPV positive test and as HPV persistence, increases the risk of female factor infertility in later reproductive life. Population-based cohort study. Not applicable. A random sample of 11,088 women (20-29years of age at enrollment) tested for cervical HPV at enrollment during 1991-93 and again after 2years. Information on female factor infertility was obtained by linkage to the Danish Infertility Cohort. None. Follow-up for each study participant was the period from the date of enrollment or date of the second visit until diagnosis of female factor infertility (main outcome), conception, death, emigration, disappearance, or end of study period. Data were analyzed by means of a Cox proportional hazards regression model. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between HPV status and female factor infertility after adjustment for potentially confounding factors were determined. After relevant exclusions, 10,595 women were eligible for analysis, 1,861 (17.6%) of whom were high-risk HPV positive at the first visit. There was no association between a positive HPV test at first visit (HR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.75-1.02) or positivity for the same high-risk HPV type at the first and second visit (persistence; HR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.66-1.44) and subsequent risk of female factor infertility in reproductive life. We found no association between a high-risk HPV infection and risk of female factor infertility, neither for a single HPV positive test nor for a persistent HPV infection.

Prevalence characteristics of single and multiple HPV infections in women with cervical cancer and precancerous lesions in Beijing, China.

We assessed the prevalence characteristics of single and multiple high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) infections. A total of 1783 women who underwent colposcopy and cervical biopsy for abnormal ThinPrep Cytology Test and/or HR-HPV subtype genotyping results were enrolled in the study. Among the participants, 770 were diagnosed with cervicitis, 395 with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 1 (CIN1), 542 with CIN2-3, and 76 with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with HR-HPV infection rates of 75.8%, 85.8%, 95.9%, and 88.4%, respectively. The prevalence of total and multiple HR-HPV infections exhibited a bimodal age distribution with a peak at ≤25 years, a decline with age and a second peak at ≥55 years, whereas single HR-HPV infections exhibited one peak from 35 to 44 years. The four most dominant HPV genotypes were HPV 16 (29.5%), 52 (15.0%), 58 (14.2%), and 18 (10.4%). In total, 67.0%, 70.4%, and 82.1% of patients with CIN1, CIN2-3, and SCC, respectively, had a single HR-HPV infection, which increased significantly with the aggravation of the cervical lesion grade (P = 0.045). Patients with a single HPV 16 infection had higher incidences of CIN2+ (62.2%) than those with multiple HPV 16 infections (52.4%) (P = 0.021). Patients coinfected with HPV 16 had higher CIN2+ incidence than those with single HPV 52, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 56, or 59 infections (P < 0.001). This study provided baseline data on the prevalence characteristics of single and multiple HR-HPV infections in women attending a gynecological outpatient clinic in Beijing.

Oncogenic human papillomavirus infection and genotypes characterization among sexually active women in Tenkodogo at Burkina Faso, West Africa

ObjectiveThis study was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes among sexually active women in Tenkodogo, Burkina Faso. MethodsAmong 131 sexually active women attending the Tenkodogo Urban Medical Center, endocervical samples were collected prior to screening for precancerous lesions. After viral DNA extraction, fourteen HR-HPV genotypes were characterized by real-time multiplex PCR in these cervical samples. ResultsThe mean age was 35.5 ± 9.5 years. Of the 131 women, 45 were infected with at least one HR-HPV genotype. The prevalence of HR-HPV infection among these women was 34.4%. Among the 45 oncogenic HPV-infected women, single HR-HPV genotype was found in 55.6% while 44.4% were infected with more than one HR-HPV genotype. The most frequent genotypes were HPV56 (36.5%), HPV66 (36.5%). ConclusionTenkodogo women included in this study had a higher prevalence of HPV 56, HPV 66. A larger study with a more representative sample would therefore be needed to determine predominant oncogenic genotypes in the subregion and especially in cancer cases.