Single-group Experimental Study Research Articles

Effectiveness of an e-Book on Bone Health as Educational Material for Adolescents: Single-Group Experimental Study.

Improved bone health during adolescence can have lifelong implications, reducing the risk of bone fragility. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an e-book in increasing knowledge about and promoting healthy practices related to bone health among Malay adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 72 adolescents (female: n=51, 71%; age: mean 15, SD 0.74 y) were recruited from selected secondary schools. The participants answered a pretest web-based questionnaire on sociodemographic data, knowledge about osteoporosis, and physical activity. A video call was conducted to assess dietary calcium intake. Participants were provided with a link to an e-book on bone health and instructed to read it within 2 weeks. Postintervention assessments included those for knowledge, physical activity, dietary calcium intake, and acceptance of the e-book. There was a significant increase in the median knowledge score, which was 40.6% (IQR 31.3%-46.9%) during the pretest and 71.9% (IQR 53.9%-81.3%) during the posttest (P<.001). However, no changes were observed in dietary calcium intake or physical activity levels. Most participants did not meet the recommended calcium requirements (61/62, 98%) and exhibited sedentary behavior (pretest: 51/62, 82%; posttest: 48/62, 77%). The e-book, however, was well accepted, with the majority reporting that they understood the contents (70/72, 97%), liked the graphics (71/72, 99%), and approved of the layout (60/72, 83%) and font size (66/72, 92%) used. The developed e-book effectively increases knowledge levels related to bone health and is well accepted among participants. However, this educational material did not improve bone health practices. Additional strategies are necessary to bridge the gap between knowledge and behavior change.

Core Stability Exercise on Low Back Ache, Back Endurance and Health Related Quality of Life in Primary Dysmenorrhea-A Single Group Experimental Study

Objective: To analyze the effect of core stabilization exercises on LBA, back endurance, and HRQoL in primary dysmenorrhea. Method: 58 subjects were included in a single group experimental study based on selection criteria from gynecology hospitals and clinics in Bangalore. Subjects underwent 8 weeks of core stability exercise in a 45 min session. The data was analyzed using a paired t test, descriptive analysis, and frequency distribution. Findings: A significant difference was seen in the pre- post test score for low back ache following 4 weeks. A similar reduction in LBA was seen following 8 weeks of treatment, with a p value= .001. A significant improvement was also noted in trunk endurance and HrQoL, with a p value = 0.001. Novelty: This study is one of its kind wherein the effect of core stability exercise focusing on improvement in back endurance and thereby impacting low back ache and health related quality of life in primary dysmenorrhea is studied in a relatively larger group. Conclusion: Core stability exercises improved back endurance and reduced low back ache, as well as improved the HRQoL in primary dysmenorrhea. Keywords: painful period, low back ache, back endurance, health-related quality of life, core stability exercise

Electromyographic Evaluation of Masseter and Temporalis Muscle Activity in Distal Extension Edentulous Patients After Replacing with Implants—A Prospective Clinical Trial

Aim: To assess the changes in muscle activity after replacing the missing teeth or teeth with implants in distal extension edentulous patients and to evaluate the patient’s satisfaction levels. Materials and Methods: This was a single-group experimental study, based on convenience sampling with a sample size of 40 patients. Only unilateral mandibular distal extension edentulous sites were included and endo-osseous dental implants were placed in delayed protocol. Electrical activities of the masseter and temporalis muscles were recorded at rest and clench before, immediately, and one month after the cementation using electromyography. Patient satisfaction was analyzed through a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics an inferential statistics with repeated measures of ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test were done to analyze the study data. P value &lt; .05 would be considered statistically significant for all the analyses. Results: Right temporalis showed significantly higher surface electromyography (sEMG) activity at one-month post cementation than baseline at rest and clench. Similarly, the left temporalis has shown significant sEMG activity at one-month post cementation than baseline at clench. However, there was no statistical difference with the right and left masseter. The implant-supported prosthesis was well received by the majority of patients. Conclusion: Definitive improvement in the electrical activity of the temporalis before and after the replacement of prosthesis was noticed with positive patient satisfaction levels with implant-supported prosthesis.

Title: Immediate Effect Of Physiotherapy Intervention In Subjects With Primary Dysmenorrhea – A Quasi-experimental Study

Background and objective- Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is common among females, it is associate with menstrual pain with absence of an identifiable cause. Physiotherapy is beneficial to improve symptoms in females but there is limited evidence based on immediate effect of Physiotherapy interventions for the treatment of PD. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the immediate effect of physiotherapy interventions in subjects with PD. Methods- Sample size for this study was n=26 as it was based on previous studies. A single group experimental study was conducted among 26 healthy females with age between 18-25 years. The students were screened on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria. In order to assess the menstrual pain quality short- form McGill pain questionnaire was used. Results- Results revealed significantly reduction in the menstrual pain and symptoms after the intervention with p-value of 0.00 and 95% of confidence interval. The physiotherapy intervention was beneficial in reduction of pain and symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea among physiotherapy students. Conclusion- The results showed that physiotherapy intervention has highly significant for reducing the pain intensity and the symptoms in subjects with primary dysmenorrhea.

Effect of Circuit Training on Selected Motor Fitness Variables on Skill Performance of Male Mallakhamb Players

A single group experimental study was conducted on 20 male mallakhamb players, from the age group below 14 years from Ruturaj Sports Academy Chinchpokli, Mumbai. The study was conducted to test the effect of circuit training programme on selected motor fitness variables of muscular endurance (abdominal strength endurance) and balance as well as skill performance of potachatajawa and veerbhadrasana on the mallakhamb of male mallakhmab players. The training was provided for 60 minutes a day during the evening session, for 3 days a week for a period of 3 months. The Circuit training was modified after every three weeks. At the end of the study the data obtained was statistcally analysed using paired t test. It was thus, concluded that the circuit training programme significantly improved the motor fitness variables of muscular endurance (abdominal strength endurance) and balance as well as positively effected the skill performance of potachatajawa and veerbhadrasana on the mallakhamb of the male mallakhmab players.

Spiritually Integrated Cognitive Processing Therapy for Moral Injury in the Setting of PTSD: Initial Evidence of Therapeutic Efficacy.

After defining the syndrome of moral injury (MI), reviewing its relationship to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and examining its psychological consequences and impact on functioning, we describe a new psychotherapeutic treatment for MI called spiritually integrated cognitive processing therapy (SICPT). SICPT builds on cognitive processing therapy (CPT), a commonly used trauma-focused treatment for PTSD. To our knowledge, SICPT is the first one-on-one individualized psychotherapeutic treatment that integrates a person's spiritual and religious beliefs into the treatment for MI, using the latter to work through and process the psychological, spiritual, and religious symptoms of this condition. Here, we describe the initial results obtained from a single-group experimental study examining the treatment of three patients with significant symptoms of both MI and PTSD. Given the effects of SICPT on reducing both MI and PTSD symptoms, we have decided to report these early results before study completion to alert the scientific community about this potentially effective new treatment.

NEWSTART: An 8-Week Faith-Based Health Promotion Program to Reduce Chronic Disease Risk Factors in the US.

This single-group experimental study examined the effectiveness of NEWSTART, an 8-week health promotion program among adults in an Adventist Faith Community. Participants had a significant reduction in diastolic blood pressure [Formula: see text] with a moderate effect size (Cohen d = 0.68), reduction of daily sugar-sweetened beverage intake [Formula: see text] with a large effect size (Cohen d = 0.96), and an improvement in weekly moderate intensity exercise [Formula: see text] with a large effect size (Cohen d = .83). Participants met the fruit and vegetable intake recommendations and applying program principles to reduce chronic disease risk factors.

Effect of Sleeper Stretch with Muscle Energy Technique on Posterior Shoulder Tightness Among College Level Cricket Bowlers

Introduction: Posterior shoulder tightness is the extensibility limitations of the soft tissue, due to repetitive tensile loading in overhead athletes such as cricket and other sports. Bowling is the main cause for Posterior shoulder tightness. Hence the Sleeper stretch with muscle energy technique is proposed to be effecting in improving range, flexibility and functional ability. Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of Sleeper stretch with Muscle energy technique on posterior shoulder tightness among college level cricket bowlers. Materials and Methods: The study design was a single group experimental study design. On inclusion criteria one hundred and thirty one subjects were selected through convenient sampling technique. The subjects were given sleeper stretch combined with muscle energy technique for 8 consecutive weeks for 5 times in a week, post-test assessment was taken and the data analysis was done respectively. Results: The result of the study post intervention of internal rotation is (72.29° ± 3.73°, P = 0.001&lt;0.05), Horizontal adduction (38.51° ± 2.70°. P = 0.001&lt;0.05), flexibility of posterior capsule (109.81° ± 2.65° P = 0.001&lt;0.05), DASH score for functional ability is (4.43 ± 1.53). Through Pearson chi square test there is a significant association in internal rotation (χ2 = 61.38, P = 0.001&lt;0.005), Horizontal adduction (χ2 = 16.11, P = 0.001&lt;0.05) and no significant association in flexibility of posterior capsule (χ2 = 0.98, P = 0.806&gt;0.05) and DASH Score (χ2 = 4.25, P = 0.120&gt;0.05). Conclusion: Effect of sleeper stretch with MET on PST showed effective results in improving internal rotation range, horizontal adduction, flexibility, functional ability among college level cricket bowlers.

Virtual Reality Training Improves Upper Limb Functions in Stroke Survivors

Stroke survivors with upper extremity functional limitation are particularly susceptible to problems in performing independent ADLs. Virtual Reality training has a significant contribution to enhancing the independence of stroke survivors. Objective: To determine the effect of additional VR training on upper limb gross motor function, gross manual dexterity, and functional activities in hemiplegic stroke survivors. Methods: It was a single-group experimental study in which 20 participants were recruited through non-probability convenient sampling. Participants were included in the study if they had any sort of stroke (hemorrhagic or infarct), were between the ages of 30 and 70, had at least one score on the box and block test, and did not have any cognitive deficits or uncontrolled high blood pressure. The intervention was provided three days a week for a total of six weeks. Gross motor function, gross manual dexterity, and functional capacities of the upper limb were measured at baseline, 2nd, 4th and at 6th week of intervention through Fugl-Meyer Assessment, Box and Block Test, and Wolf Motor Assessment Scale respectively. Data were analyzed through within-group inferential analysis using SPSS-21 software. Results: The mean age of patients was 49.45 ± 11.02 years. The scores of the Fugl-Mayer Assessment Scale, Box and Block Test and Wolf Motor Assessment Scale were significantly improved from baseline to six weeks (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that the hemiplegic stroke survivors who received additional Virtual Reality training using Xbox Kinect showed significant improvement in Gross motor Function, Gross Manual Dexterity and Functional Abilities of the Upper Limb.

Effectiveness of osteopathic treatment in patients with Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS)

Introduction and Aim: International continence society mentions that more than 50 % of females suffer from lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and more than 90% of them were not on any medication. LUTS is a term that covers symptoms resulting from conditions affecting the urinary bladder and urethra, prostate, other pelvic organs or any other part of the body which is related to the bladder and urethra anatomically. LUTS can be classified into 3 subcategories, i.e., storage symptoms (symptoms during storage of urine), voiding symptoms (symptoms during micturition), and post micturition symptoms (symptoms after completing micturition). Patients with LUTS may present with a combination of storage, voiding, and post micturition symptoms. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of osteopathy treatment in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms.&#x0D; &#x0D; Materials and Methods: This is a pre-test post-test single group experimental study conducted at Sri Sri University. In this study, 20 females having the mean age of 21.9± 2.61 years with moderate and severe symptoms voluntarily participated. The pre-test scores were measured in 3 different questionnaires (AUA symptom score index, ICIQ – FLUTS and HPMDQ). The subjects were diagnosed and given 4 osteopathy sessions. The post-test scoring was noted and data was analysed using MS Excel. &#x0D; &#x0D; Results: Compared to the baseline scoring, the post intervention scores on all the questionnaires reduced significantly. Subjects having moderate and severe symptoms were selected for the study. After intervention either the symptoms were absent or mild residual symptoms were seen.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: The results shows that osteopathy treatment is effective in patients having lower urinary tract symptoms.

Short-Term Effect of Spiritual Music on Heart Rate Variability in Medical Students: A Single-Group Experimental Study.

There are ancient texts and modern studies alluding to the therapeutic benefits obtained from listening to music. Studies have shown that chanting "OM" has a relaxing effect by causing parasympathetic dominance, limbic deactivation, and decreasing the brain's dopamine levels. This research aims to study the effect of listening to OM chanting on the cardiovascular system and heart rate variability and its possible use as a stress buster among medical students. Fifty medical undergraduates were selected for the study. After a 20-minute relaxation, a lead 2 electrocardiogram (EKG) was recorded for 10 minutes. Their blood pressure (BP) and heart rate were measured. The subjects were then made to listen to OM chanting for 20 minutes, immediately after which their BP and heart rate were measured. This was followed by another 10-minute lead 2 EKG. The EKGs recorded were then used to calculate the standard deviation in N-N interval (SDNN), total power, high-frequency power, and low-frequency power. The study reported a significant decrease in blood pressure and heart rate and a significant increase in SDNN and total power. There was also an insignificant increase in low frequency and an insignificant decrease in high frequency. This study provides insight into the importance of spiritual music therapy in the maintenance of mental as well as cardiovascular health among medical students.

Day III: Saturday, March 25, 2023; 11.15 am Plumeria 1 (Exhibition Hall): Poster Presentation Display time: Day II, March 24, 2023 2.00 pm – Day III, March 25, 2023 1.00 pm: AB No: 68 Effect of Low Frequency Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Body Composition in Obese Individuals: A Single Group Experimental Study

Day III: Saturday, March 25, 2023; 11.15 am Plumeria 1 (Exhibition Hall): Poster Presentation Display time: Day II, March 24, 2023 2.00 pm – Day III, March 25, 2023 1.00 pm: AB No: 68 Effect of Low Frequency Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation on Body Composition in Obese Individuals: A Single Group Experimental Study

Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde Vaka Temelli Öğrenme Yaklaşımının Etik Duyarlılığa Etkisi: Deneysel Bir Çalışma

Students may not be able to integrate ethical issues into their knowledge and practical competencies, which makes them unprepared to manage such situations. Therefore, using an innovative and student-centred approach in nursing education is essential to increase ethical sensitivity. This study is the pioneer in terms of using an authentic learning (AL) approach for the first time in nursing ethics education. This study aimed to determine the effects of the case-based learning approach developed in line with the integrated ethical decision-making model and AL approach on the ethical sensitivity of nursing students in the management of ethical dilemmas. This single-group experimental study was conducted on a nursing faculty that offers a 4- year degree in Türkiye between September and December 2020. This study sample included 74 second-year nursing students enrolled. An 8- week program was developed and implemented by researchers. Data were collected using the Modified Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire (MMSQ) at the beginning and end of the program. Mean post-test scores for the MMSQ were significantly higher than those of the pretests. The Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs checklist was used. When the mean scores for pre-test and post-test measurements were compared, the mean scores for ethical sensitivity were higher. The results suggest that a case-based learning approach can improve the levels of ethical sensitivity in nursing students. Nurse educators should continue to develop new educational strategies and continually evaluate training methodologies to help students develop their ethical sensitivities.

The Effects of an Empathic Communication Workshop on Internal Medicine Residents' Self-Perceived Empathy and Their Patients' Perception of Physician's Empathy: A Single-Group Experimental Study.

Background: Empathetic communication improves the physician-patient relationship and enhances patient and physician satisfaction. This study aims to evaluate the impact of empathic communication skills training on physicians' self-perceived performance and patient satisfaction regarding the empathetic quality of their relationship with their physicians. Methods: In this single-group before-after experimental study, we recruited 50 internal medicine residents at a large teaching hospital. We assessed the residents' empathy using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy before and 3 weeks after an 8-hour workshop on empathic communication skills. We also recruited 50 of their patients before and another 50 patients 3 weeks after the training to assess the patient's perceptions of their physician's empathy using the Consultation and Relational Empathy scale. Physicians' and patients' mean scores on empathetic care at the beginning of the study were then compared using paired t-tests with their scores after the workshop. Results: The residents' mean score on Jefferson Empathy Scale increased from 81.1(95%CI:78.8-83.3) at baseline to 96.8(95%CI:93.6-100) following the workshop (p < 0.001). Before the empathetic communication skills training, patients assessed their doctors' empathy at 68.3(95%CI:63.5-73.2). After the intervention, this improved to 84.9(95%CI:82.2-87.5) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: In this study, both the residents and their patients stated that the residents' empathy skills had significantly improved after an empathetic communication workshop for internal medicine residents.

Assessing the effectiveness of a 4-week online intervention on food literacy and fruit and vegetable consumption in Australian adults: The online MedDiet challenge.

Australians fail to meet the daily recommended two and five serves of fruit and vegetable respectively, which increases mortality risk for non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an online intervention delivered through social media on food literacy and fruit and vegetable consumption in Australian adults. In a pre-post single group experimental study, 29 participants completed the "online MedDiet challenge", a four-week intervention delivered via Facebook. Infographics, recipes and informational videos aligned with food literacy concepts related to the Mediterranean Diet were shared with participants. Outcome measures included a validated food literacy questionnaire with two questions from the National Nutrition Survey to record fruit and vegetable consumption. The mean age of participants was 52 years (range: 25-67 years). Post intervention, food literacy improved between 21%-45% across each survey component. Participants also reported an increase in fruit and vegetable consumption by 0.6 and 1.3 serves per day (p< 0.05) respectively. Social media holds potential for increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in adults through food literacy. Future research should focus on longer studies and larger cohorts to confirm that food literacy plays a key component to maintain sustainability of such interventions.

Will Suprahyoid Muscle Release be Effective to Improve Swallowing in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders? A Single Group Experimental Study

Background: As for jaw opening force, hyoid resting position and hyoid dynam­ics are very important and are considered to be affected directly by the suprahyoid muscles. MFR is found to be effective in giving symptomatic relief and increasing jaw ROM in patients with myofascial TMD. The study will specify the importance of Suprahyoid MFR in improving swallowing &amp; jaw function in TMD.&#x0D; Objectives: The study aimed at finding out the effectiveness of suprahyoid muscle MFR on swallowing and jaw function in patients with TMD.&#x0D; Methods: 20 participants with myogenous TMD were included after fulfilling the selection criteria. Treatment strategies involved MFR to suprahyoid muscle for 3 sessions in a week for one week and home exercise program involving the tongue proprioception exercises. The outcome measures were evaluated through Sydney swallowing questionnaire (SSQ-17), LDF-TMD questionnaire and maximal interincisal opening (IIO). The data was analysed and inference was drawn through paired and unpaired t tests.&#x0D; Results: The result of the present study showed that participants improved significantly (p &lt;0.05) at post one week on all the outcome measures (IIO, SSQ &amp; LDF-TMD).&#x0D; Conclusion: This study demonstrated that suprahyoid release is effective in improving swallowing in patients with TMD.

Modulation of Heart and Brain Function by Surah Al-Rehman Recitation Among Distressed Diabetic Patients in Pakistan.

Distress causes psychophysiological alterations that affect autonomic function. The current study explores psychophysiological modulation in diabetic distress in response to Surah Al-Rehman recitation. A single-group experimental study with before and after intervention assessments was conducted during April 2018 to February 2019 in which participants (n = 10) listened to Surah Al-Rehman recitation. Blood pressure, blood glucose, cortisol, ECG and EEG were recorded before and after recitation. Significant reduction in systolic blood pressure, increase in low frequency and absolute alpha power at Fp2 were observed. Heartbeat evoked potentials (HEP) were also significantly modulated at Fp1, Fp2 and F4. These findings suggest that Surah Al-Rehman modulated baroreflex activity thereby reducing sympathetic activity and improved heart brain coherence as reflected by HEP.

Usage of Digital Comics in Distance Learning During COVID-19

The aim of the study is to reveal the effect of digital comics material on students' academic success, their views on distance education, course and digital comics. In the study conducted during the 2019-2020 academic year and the pandemic, digital comics material was created in the Pixton design program for the aim of the acquisition of “different management styles in terms of basic principles of democracy," in the learning area of active citizenship in the 6th grade Social Studies curriculum. It is known that the comic book, which has no time and place limits, provides easy and fast access to information, prepared within the framework of distance education, provides motivation to individuals and increases interest in the course in accordance with psycho-social development. The study was designed as a mixed method. The quantitative dimension of the research was designed as a single group experimental study and the prepared academic achievement test was applied before and after the study. In the qualitative dimension, phenomenology was applied and the data were collected through audio-recorded interviewing. The quantitative study group of the research consists of 10 students, and the qualitative phase consists of 5 students. The obtained data were analyzed through the statistical program in the quantitative phase and content analysis in the qualitative dimension. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the use of digital comics in distance education increases the success and helps to develop positive behaviors towards the course.

Water-Based Exercises Performed with High-Speed Movement Improves Strength and Physical Function in Older Women with Knee Osteoarthritis

Aims To verify the effects of aquatic exercises performed with high-speed movement on physical function, muscle function, and quality of life of older women with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods This was a single-group experimental study with double pretest and a post-test. Dependent outcomes were assessed three times: 4 weeks before the intervention (pretest one), before the intervention (pretest two) and 16 weeks after (post-test). Women aged from 60 years with KOA (n = 12) participated in an aquatic exercise program during 16 weeks. Results Outcomes did not change from pretest one to two. After the intervention, there were improvements in knee extensor strength (11%) and power (15.6 to 16.2%), and knee flexor power (40.7%). Performance of mobility (9.2%), strength (10.1%), aerobic capacity (13.2%) tests also improved. Participants’ perceived quality of life related to KOA symptoms also increased. Conclusions This intervention approach is feasible, effective, and safe for older women with KOA. Trial registration: RBR-7ZCGDD (http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-7zcgdd/).

Educational Intervention Based on the Health Belief Model to Modify Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease in Police Officers in Iran: A Quasi-experimental Study.

Objectives:Police officers may be at a greater risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general population due to their highstress occupation. This study evaluated how an educational program based on the health belief model (HBM) may protect police officers from developing CVD.Methods:In this single-group experimental study, 58 police officers in Iran participated in a 5-week intervention based on HBM principles. Outcomes included changes in scores on an HBM scale, time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), body mass index (BMI), blood lipid profile, blood glucose, and blood pressure. The intervention consisted of 5 HBM-based educational sessions. Follow-up was conducted at 3 months post-intervention. The paired t-test was used to examine differences between baseline and follow-up scores.Results:All aspects of the HBM scale improved between baseline and follow-up (p<0.05), except the cues to action subscale. Self-efficacy and preventive behaviors improved the most. BMI decreased from 26.7±2.9 kg/m2 at baseline to 25.8±2.4 kg/m2 at follow-up. All components of the lipid profile, including triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein, showed significant improvements post-intervention. Blood glucose and blood pressure also decreased, but not significantly. Nearly 25% of participants who were not physically active at baseline increased their physical activity above or beyond the healthy threshold.Conclusions:A relatively brief educational intervention based on HBM principles led to a significant improvement in CVD risk factors among police officers. Further research is needed to corroborate the effectiveness of this intervention.