Single-family Home Construction Research Articles

Evaluating the price effects of multifamily and single-family housing construction on surrounding single-family homes in Stockholm: a difference-in-difference analysis

PurposeThis study aims to examine the impact of housing construction on single-family housing values and the implications for urban development.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this objective, the author used the difference-in-difference methodology to examine the effect of multifamily and single-family housing construction on surrounding single-family homes in Stockholm, Sweden. The author analysed data from approximately 480 housing construction projects between 2009 and 2014 and 17,000 single-family detached house transactions between 2005 and 2018.FindingsThe research found that multifamily construction projects did not affect the value of surrounding single-family homes, while single-family home construction had a negative impact. The author attributes this result to single-family housing projects typically located in areas with initially positive externalities, while multifamily housing projects are often located on the edge of areas with negative externalities before construction.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited by its focus on a specific geographic area and time frame, and future research could expand the scope to include other cities and regions and different periods. Additionally, further research could examine the impact of housing construction on other economic factors beyond housing values.Practical implicationsThe research has practical implications for urban planners and policymakers. They should consider the potential negative impact of new single-family home construction on existing single-family housing areas while balancing the need for new housing in urban areas. By carefully evaluating construction locations, policymakers can create more sustainable, livable and equitable urban environments that benefit all members of society.Originality/valueThis research paper contributes to the field of housing economics by examining the impact of housing construction on single-family housing values in the context of urban development and climate change mitigation. Using a difference-in-difference methodology, the study provides evidence of the price effect of multifamily and single-family housing construction on surrounding single-family homes, which has important policy implications for urban planners and policymakers. By identifying the negative impact of single-family home construction on surrounding areas and highlighting the need for careful evaluation of construction locations, the research provides valuable insights for creating sustainable, livable and equitable urban environments that benefit all members of society.

Lattice design made with recycled polymeric concrete for the facade of a single-family house

There has been an increase in the generation of urban solid waste and special handling waste in Mexico in recent years; today there are not enough final disposal sites to dispose of the waste that is generated. Urgent measures that reduce the number of waste that enters these sites through proper reuse and recycling. For this reason, this article shows how–through an appropriate recovery–materials and elements can be re-purposed for the construction of single-family homes. For this, a lattice for an exterior facade was designed from a recycled polymer concrete in order to improve the range of thermal comfort and mitigate energy consumption inside a single-family home in the municipality of Cuautla Morelos. An experimental and descriptive methodology was carried out where the elaboration of molds was carried out to later obtain the lattice and finally mechanical, thermal tests and digital simulations of the wind tunnel. Favorable results were obtained from the geometry applied to the lattice and the performance of the material in a hot climate.

Preparation, Characterization, and Life Cycle Assessment of Aerated Concrete Blocks: A Case Study in Guayaquil City, Ecuador

In the current manuscript, we aimed to evaluate the application of aerated concrete blocks for the construction of single-family homes in Guayaquil, Ecuador, through a comparison with conventional materials. The design of the structural elements was carried out according to the NEC-2015 and ACI 318-14 standards, in which a 36% reduction in the dead load of the structure was achieved by using aerated concrete blocks in the masonry of the house. With a life cycle analysis, a quantification of the most relevant impacts generated during the production and construction phases was obtained. In this way, the most contributing process was found to be the clinker production, generating 7998 kgCO2-Eq. for traditional housing, and 5113 kgCO2-Eq. for non-traditional housing, thus reaching a difference of 36%. Therefore, it was shown that the use of lower-density materials is viable and, due to their easy and fast application, allows for a reduction of up to 10% in the project execution time; a savings of 10% in the total cost, in addition, evidences its potential to access sustainable construction in Ecuador.

Comparison of eco-effectiveness and eco-efficiency based criteria for the construction of single-family homes

The built environment faces diverse sustainability challenges concerning the ecological, the economic and the sociocultural dimension. However, common construction practices mainly focus on the reduction of environmental impacts, especially the energy consumption in the usage phase. Despite their long tradition of implementation, these eco-efficiency based strategies can only be regarded as a useful and groundwork lying step and opportunity to reduce the ecological impact in the short-term, but are insufficient for addressing the need for fundamental redesign of buildings in the long-term. In contrast, the cradle to cradle concept offers a model for fundamental redesign of buildings allowing positive interaction with the ecosystem based on the eco-effectiveness approach. The paper will analyse and compare eco-efficiency and eco-effectiveness based criteria for the construction of single-family homes with the help of guidelines and assessment methods for buildings and materials. The analysis serves the aim of identifying learnings from the long-term experience in the field of eco-efficiency and benefitting from it for the future implementation of eco-effectiveness based strategies. Single-family homes are chosen as typology as they represent the most popular housing type in Germany, but show numerous disadvantages regarding the ecological, economic and socio-cultural dimension compared to other forms of housing. Representing the smallest but worst typology from a sustainability point of view, they offer an ideal starting point. In a next step, the results can be transferred and expanded to other typologies.

Shaping the Coast with Permits: Making the State Regulatory Permitting Process Transparent with Text Mining

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the California Coastal Commission's permitting process. Using several text mining techniques, including web scraping, information extraction, and supervised classification, I demonstrate how to retrieve empirical data from unstructured texts, namely public meeting agendas and staff reports. Contrary to the concern that the Commission routinely delays or rejects permitting requests, the data reveal that outright rejection of permit applications is rare. On average, eight of ten applications were approved. Single-family homes and commercial development projects were approved about 80% of the time; the rates were about 70% for seawalls and retaining walls, and 60% for land-use changes. Most applications were processed swiftly, with a median application length of 3 months. The agency's influence comes primarily from negotiating each application. Qualitative study of 50 cases pertaining to single-family home construction reveals that the agency adopts a “managed development” approach, that is, allowing development but scrupulously managing various aspects of development. These case studies illustrate how the agency interprets the broad, abstract state laws and translates the mandates into enforceable actions as permitting conditions. In areas where the state mandates conflict, particularly over development in receding shorelines, the agency has the largest leverage in creating and implementing its preferred policies. The text mining techniques demonstrated in this paper can be applied to study any governmental agency. These techniques help to extract information from a massive volume of papers and organize them into a database for analyses. The empirical data extracted from texts can significantly increase bureaucratic transparency.

World chemical outlook

World chemical outlook

THE EVOLUTION OF STANDARD SINGLE FAMILY HOUSES IN SOVIET LITHUANIA / TIPINIŲ VIENBUČIŲ GYVENAMŲJŲ NAMŲ RAIDA SOVIETINĖJE LIETUVOJE

In soviet Lithuania standard single-family housing projects have been actively developed and constantly improved. It was possible to identify about 40 different standard housing projects in Lithuania’s rural areas in the early eighties. However, it was not an easy task for a family to build their own house. The construction was hampered by the lack of permanent materials and priority queues, according to which plots were distributed. Also one must take notice that the construction of single-family homes was totally prohibited in major cities. Before setting in the prohibition in the 60s, one could recognize standard housing exploiting traditional materials – brick, wood, as well as adapting architectural features of interwar housing. Meanwhile, the rural areas started to experiment with the design of industrially prefabricated homes. These attributes of, so far poorly, investigated typology are one of the components forming a standard single- family house in modern day Lithuania. The objective of the paper is to define the peculiarities of standard single-family housing development in the soviet era, with a focus on socio-political factors which determined the direction and attributes of a typical design. Tipiniai vienbučių gyvenamųjų namų projektai sovietinėje Lietuvoje buvo aktyviai rengiami ir tobulinami. Devintojo dešimtmečio pradžioje Lietuvos kaimo vietovėse buvo galima identifikuoti apie 40 skirtingų tipinių namų projektų. Tačiau ne kiekvienas pilietis galėjo namą pagal tokį projektą pasistatyti. Statybas varžė nuolatinis medžiagų trūkumas, prioritetinės eilės, pagal kurią buvo dalijami sklypai, sudarymo sąlygos, galiausiai draudimas statyti vienbučius namus didžiuosiuose miestuose. Miestuose iki įsigaliojant statybos draudimui vyravo tradicinės statybos namai – mūriniai, mediniai, o jų raiška turėjo tarpukario architektūros bruožų. Tuo tarpu kaimo vietovėse imta eksperimentuoti projektuojant industrinius surenkamus namus. Šios, iki šiol menkai nagrinėtos, tipologijos bruožai yra viena iš dedamųjų, formuojančių šiuolaikinį tipinį gyvenamąjį namą Lietuvoje. Tiriamojo darbo tikslas – nustatyti tipinių vienbučių raidos savitumus sovietmečiu, atkreipiant dėmesį į kertinius socio-politinius veiksnius, nulėmusius tipinio projektavimo kryptis ir bruožus.

Prioritizing investment in residential energy efficiency and renewable energy—A case study for the U.S. Midwest

Residential building energy use is an important contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and in the United States represents about 20% of total energy consumption. A number of previous macro-scale studies of residential energy consumption and energy-efficiency improvements are mainly concerned with national or international aggregate potential savings. In this paper we look into the details of how a collection of specific homes in one region might reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, with particular attention given to some practical limits to what can be achieved by upgrading the existing residential building stock. Using a simple model of residential, single-family home construction characteristics, estimates are made for the efficacy of (i) changes to behavioral patterns that do not involve building shell modifications; (ii) straightforward air-infiltration mitigation measures, and (iii) insulation measures. We derive estimates of net lifetime savings resulting from these measures, in terms of energy, carbon emissions and dollars. This study points out explicitly the importance of local and regional patterns in decision-making about what fraction of necessary regional or national emissions reduction might be accomplished through energy-efficiency measures and how much might need to concentrate more heavily on renewable or other carbon-free sources of energy.

Economics of residential gas furnaces and water heaters in US new construction market

New single-family home construction represents a significant and important market for the introduction of energy-efficient gas-fired space heating and water-heating equipment. In the new construction market, the choice of furnace and water-heater type is primarily driven by first cost considerations and the availability of power vent and condensing water heaters. Few analysis have been performed to assess the economic impacts of the different combinations of space and water-heating equipment. Thus, equipment is often installed without taking into consideration the potential economic and energy savings of installing space and water-heating equipment combinations. In this study, we use a life-cycle cost analysis that accounts for uncertainty and variability of the analysis inputs to assess the economic benefits of gas furnace and water-heater design combinations. This study accounts not only for the equipment cost but also for the cost of installing, maintaining, repairing, and operating the equipment over its lifetime. Overall, this study, which is focused on US single-family new construction households that install gas furnaces and storage water heaters, finds that installing a condensing or power-vent water heater together with condensing furnace is the most cost-effective option for the majority of these houses. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the new construction residential market could be a target market for the large-scale introduction of a combination of condensing or power-vent water heaters with condensing furnaces.

Single-Family Home Construction Site Theft: A Crime Prevention Case Study

The United States and other countries around the world, such as Canada, Australia, England, and Japan, have begun to address single-family home construction site crime through a variety of crime prevention methods. This article presents the results of a practical problem-oriented policing effort to reduce single-family home construction site theft in a suburban city in Florida. The Port St. Lucie, FL Police Department utilized a variety of data sources to understand the problem and tailored crime prevention responses to achieve a successful reduction in construction site theft over a 2-year period. Consequently, this article details the background of the project, the analysis, the crime prevention strategies implemented, and the impact results of the strategies.

Impact fees and single-family home construction

The development community has argued that impact fees that finance public infrastructure are a tax on residential development, which reduces the construction of new homes. Our theoretical model shows that impact fees may expand housing construction within suburban areas by reducing exclusionary regulations and increasing the percentage of proposed projects receiving local government approval. Using panel data estimation techniques that allow us to control for unobservable heterogeneity and potential endogeneities, we find that impact fees earmarked for public services other than water and sewer system improvements increase the construction of small homes within inner suburban areas and of medium and large homes within all suburban areas.

Potential Roadside Biases Due to Habitat Changes along Breeding Bird Survey Routes

Breeding Bird Surveys (BBS) are conducted along roadside routes to enable a large geographic area to be surveyed. Yet the potential biases of sampling populations only from roadsides have received little attention. We sampled aerial photography of BBS routes taken in the mid-1960s and late-1980s to evaluate whether habitat changes that occurred along roadsides were also occurring in the surrounding area, and whether the frequency of habitats encountered along roadsides were similar to that off-route. We examined 28 routes in Maryland and 25 routes in Ohio, and defined roadside area as within 200 m of the road, and off-route as 200-1,600 m from the road. Most habitat changes that occurred along BBS roadsides also were occurring in the off-route areas. However, increases in urban cover were significantly greater along the road in Maryland where urbanization of farmland was the predominant habitat change. The small increase in urban cover in Ohio was not significantly greater along the road. Construction of single family homes was greater along BBS roadsides in both states. In Ohio, the greatest change in habitat was the conversion of farmland back to forest, which was not significantly greater along the road. Changes associated with urbanization were more biased towards roadsides than the reforestation of farmland. Within one time period, roadside areas had less forest and more agricultural and urban cover types than occurred off-route.

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Residential Loan Activity: A Case Study of the Santa Barbara, California, Metropolitan Area, 1970-1978

Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Residential Loan Activity A Case Study of the Santa Barbara, California, Metropolitan Area, 1970-1978 Christopher Clayton, Nathan Gale, and Peter Burley* Introduction TV ifANY of the problems of inner city neighborhoods, both those LVl. with high proportions of minority residents and those which are predominantly white, are associated with an inability to acquire residential loans on terms that are on a par with those prevalent in other areas. Such mortgage-deficient areas are avoided by many financial institutions for reasons of economic profitability. These institutions and community groups and leaders exchange mutual recriminations: the institutions say they deny loans because of neighborhood deterioration; community leaders maintain that the withholding of loans initiates and certainly accelerates that decline process. This process of disinvestment in central·city neighborhoods is not unrelated to suburban investment: it is much more profitable for a bank to first finance the construction of single-family homes in the suburbs and then immediately after the construction finance * Dr. Clayton is an Assistant Professor of Geography at the University of California, Santa Cruz, where Mr. Gale and Mr. Burley are graduate students. This is a revised version of a paper presented at the annual conference in Santa Barbara, June 1979. 59 60ASSOCIATION OF PACIFIC COAST GEOGRAPHERS their sale to new homeowners than it is to write loans on an aging, depreciating housing stock.1 'Red-lining' is a term generally applied to a process whereby conventional residential mortgage funds are arbitrarily withheld from a specific geographical area; an identifiable racial, ethnic, or socio-economic population subgroup; or a particular type (usually age) of housing stock. Darden2 identifies a number of manifestations of red-lining. The major forms include the denial of residential real estate loans based on (1) location of the property in specific geographical areas and (2) race or ethnicity of an applicant, irrespective of the applicant's credit rating or the quality of the property. Minor forms of red-lining include: (1) higher down payments than for comparable properties in other areas, (2) shorter loan term requirements , and (3) higher loan interest rates. That 'red-lining' exists appears obvious to many people, but it is not always an easy task to demonstrate its existence empirically.3 Dingemans" has recently used information on mortgage loan disclosure in a study of lending activity in Sacramento, but he warns that "examination of Disclosure Act data alone may not be sufficient basis for making final conclusions about the processes and behaviors that underlie the patterns that are being found." The relationship between mortgage availability and race have been examined in several studies. Ahlbrandt5 demonstrates that 1CP Bradford, and L. S. Rubinowitz, "The Urban-Surburban InvestmentDisinvestment Process: Consequences for Older Neighborhoods," Annals, American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 422 (1975), pp. 77-86. See also D. Harvey, "Class-Monopoly Rent, Finance Capital and the Urban Revolution," Regional Studies, Vol. 8 (1974), pp. 239-255. 2 J. T. Darden, "Redlining: A Concept for Study by Urban-Social Geographers ," in Applications of Geographic Research, edited by H. A. Winters and M. K. Winters, Department of Geography, Michigan State University, 1977. 3 See T. Taggart, "Red-Lining: How the Bankers Starve the Cities to Feed the Suburbs," Planning (December 1974), pp. 14-16; and E. M. Horwood and A. O. Sari, "Mortgage Lending Data and Urban Analysis," in URlSA '78, Urban and Regional Information Systems Association, pp. 404-417. 4 D. Dingemans, "Redlining and Mortgage Lending in Sacramento," Annals , Association of American Geographers, Vol. 69, No. 2 (1979), pp. 225-239. 5 R. S. Ahlbrandt, Jr., "Exploratory Research on the Redlining Phenomenon ," American Real Estate and Urban Economic Association Journal, Vol. 5, No. 4 (1977), pp. 473-481. YEARBOOK · VOLUME 42 · 198061 lenders are more conservative in extending credit in neighborhoods with more than 25 percent black population and that a marginally qualified borrower in a predominantly black area may be denied a loan that would otherwise be granted in a white area. In a similar vein, Hutchinson, Ostas, and Reed6 conclude from their study in Toledo that although the number of loans transacted in neighborhoods does not seem to be affected by the racial make-up...