Single-disk System Research Articles

The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP). II. Characteristics of Annular Substructures

Abstract The Disk Substructures at High Angular Resolution Project (DSHARP) used ALMA to map the 1.25 mm continuum of protoplanetary disks at a spatial resolution of ∼5 au. We present a systematic analysis of annular substructures in the 18 single-disk systems targeted in this survey. No dominant architecture emerges from this sample; instead, remarkably diverse morphologies are observed. Annular substructures can occur at virtually any radius where millimeter continuum emission is detected and range in widths from a few astronomical units to tens of astronomical units. Intensity ratios between gaps and adjacent rings range from near-unity to just a few percent. In a minority of cases, annular substructures coexist with other types of substructures, including spiral arms (3/18) and crescent-like azimuthal asymmetries (2/18). No clear trend is observed between the positions of the substructures and stellar host properties. In particular, the absence of an obvious association with stellar host luminosity (and hence the disk thermal structure) suggests that substructures do not occur preferentially near major molecular snowlines. Annular substructures like those observed in DSHARP have long been hypothesized to be due to planet–disk interactions. A few disks exhibit characteristics particularly suggestive of this scenario, including substructures in possible mean-motion resonance and “double gap” features reminiscent of hydrodynamical simulations of multiple gaps opened by a planet in a low-viscosity disk.

Asynchronous partial contact motion due to internal resonance in multiple degree-of-freedom rotordynamics.

Sudden onset of violent chattering or whirling rotor–stator contact motion in rotational machines can cause significant damage in many industrial applications. It is shown that internal resonance can lead to the onset of bouncing-type partial contact motion away from primary resonances. These partial contact limit cycles can involve any two modes of an arbitrarily high degree-of-freedom system, and can be seen as an extension of a synchronization condition previously reported for a single disc system. The synchronization formula predicts multiple drivespeeds, corresponding to different forms of mode-locked bouncing orbits. These results are backed up by a brute-force bifurcation analysis which reveals numerical existence of the corresponding family of bouncing orbits at supercritical drivespeeds, provided the damping is sufficiently low. The numerics reveal many overlapping families of solutions, which leads to significant multi-stability of the response at given drive speeds. Further, secondary bifurcations can also occur within each family, altering the nature of the response and ultimately leading to chaos. It is illustrated how stiffness and damping of the stator have a large effect on the number and nature of the partial contact solutions, illustrating the extreme sensitivity that would be observed in practice.

PHOTOMETRIC DECOMPOSITION OF MERGERS IN DISK GALAXIES

Several observational studies and numerical simulations suggest that mergers must contribute to the evolution of galaxies; however, the role that they play is not yet fully understood. In this paper we study a sample of 52 double nucleus disk galaxies that are considered as candidates for a minor merger event. The luminosity of each of the nuclei and their relative separation are derived from a multi-component photometric fit of the galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey optical images. We find that the nuclei in most of the sources have projected separations ⩽4 kpc. The ratio of nuclear luminosities indicates that most of the systems are likely in the coalescence stage of a major merger. This is supported by the existence of a single galaxy disk in 65% of the systems studied and the finding of a correlation between nuclear luminosity and host luminosity for the single-disk systems: those sources fitted with as single disk are in a more evolved stage of the merger and present an enhancement of the nuclear luminosity compared to the double-disk systems, as expected from simulations of galaxy mergers. Finally, we identify a sample of 19 double nucleus disk galaxies in which the two nuclei are physically separated by ⩽1 kpc and constitute thus a sample of sub-kpc binary active galactic nucleus candidates.

이동체 데이터베이스를 위한 디클러스터링 정책

이동체 데이터베이스에서 이동체 궤적의 양은 엄청나게 많아서 기존의 단일 디스크 기반에서는 특정 영역의 질의에 대한 빠른 응답과 처리율의 향상을 볼 수 없다. 따라서 고성능 질의 처리를 위한 시스템의 성능 향상을 위해서는 병렬 처리 기법의 도입이 필요하다. 기존의 디클러스터링 방법에서는 시간이 지남에 따라 연속적으로 보고되는 이동체 특성을 고려하지 않고 있다. 그러므로 대용량 이동체 데이터에 대하여 고성능 질의 처리를 위한 새로운 디클러스터링 방법이 필요하다. 이 논문에서는 대용량 이동체 데이테베이스에 대한 고성능 질의 처리를 위한 새로운 디클러스터링 정책을 제시하였다. 이동체 데이터의 MBB(Minimum Bounding Box) 중 공간 좌표에 대한 근접성만을 고려하여 하나의 SD(SemiAllocation Disk)값을 설정하고 그 값과 시간 도메인을 다시 고려하여 근접성을 계산함으로써 디클러스터링을 한다. 또한 디스크 별 부하 균등하를 고려하여 보다 정확한 디클러스터링 효과를 가지도록 하였다. 이와 같이 이동체의 시공간 특성을 고려한 새로운 디클러스터링 정책으로 시스템의 성능을 향상 시킬 수 있다. 성능평가를 통해서 기존의 Round-Robin 방법보다는 <TEX>$5\%,\;10\$</TEX> 영역 질의에서 평균 <TEX>$15\%$</TEX> 정도의 성능향상을 보였으며 Spatial Proximity 방법보다는 평균 <TEX>$5\%$</TEX>의 성능향상을 보였다. Because there are so many spatio-temporal data in Moving Object Databases, a single disk system can not gain the fast response time and tota throughput. So it is needed to take a parallel processing system for the high effectiveness query process. In these existing parallel process-ing system. it does not consider characters of moving object data. Moving object data have to be thought about continuous report to the Moving Object Databases. So it is necessary think about the new Declustering System for the high performance system. In this paper, we propose the new Dechustering Policies of Moving objet data for high effectiveness query processing. At first, consider a spatial part of MBB(Minimum Bounding Box) then take a SD(SemiAllocation Disk) value. Second time, consider a SD value and time value which is node made at together as SDT-Proximity. And for more accuracy Declustering effect, consider a Load Balancing. Evaluation shows performance improvement of aver-age <TEX>%15\%$</TEX> compare with Round-Robin method about <TEX>$5\%\;and\;10\%$</TEX> query area. And performance improvement of average <TEX>$6\%$</TEX> compare with Spatial Proximity method.

Gravitationally coupled scale-free discs

In a composite fluid system of two gravitationally coupled barotropic scale-free discs bearing a rotation curve v ∝ r −β and a power-law surface mass density � 0 ∝ r −α with α = 1 + 2β ,w econstruct classes of coplanar stationary aligned and logarithmic spiral perturbation configurations in the two discs. Owing to the mutual gravitational interaction, there are two independent classes of perturbation modes, with surface mass density disturbances in the two coupled discs being either in phase or out of phase. We derive analytical criteria for such perturbation modes to exist and show numerical examples. We compute the aligned and spiral perturbation modes systematically to explore the entire parameter regime. For the axisymmetric m = 0 case with radial oscillations, there are two unstable regimes of ring fragmentation and Jeans collapse corresponding to short and long radial wavelengths, respectively. Only within a certain range of the rotation parameter D 2 (square of the effective rotational Mach number for the stellar disc) can a composite disc system be stable against all axisymmetric perturbations. Compared with a single-disc system, the coupled two-disc system becomes less stable against such axisymmetric instabilities. Our investigation generalizes the previous work of Syer & Tremaine on the single-disc case and of Lou & Shen on two coupled singular isothermal discs. Non-axisymmetric instabilities are briefly discussed. These stationary models for various largescale patterns and morphologies may be useful in the context of disc galaxies with bars and spirals or barred spirals. Ke yw ords: wave s‐ stars: formation ‐ ISM: general ‐ galaxies: kinematics and dynamics ‐ galaxies: spiral ‐ galaxies: structure.

Models and performance of real-time disk access policies

Multimedia systems may experience contention for resources under tight temporal constraints. The disk storage system is one such system. It may create a bottleneck due to its relatively limited throughput and large delay. Previous work on real-time disk scheduling is largely based on simulation or on combinatorial optimization results applicable to a limited class of scheduling policies. This paper presents new models for analysing access policies of a single disk system, and numerical and simulation results to illustrate and validate the anlysis. Our approach to synchronizing disk allocation uses fluid approximations and analytical techniques from manufacturing system scheduling problems and the theory of dynamical systems. The approach allows us to examine both the steady state and transient (in terms of stability and convergence rate) behaviour of the system under a variety of policies. Some results can also be extended to the study of disk array systems.

Performance of a mirrored disk in a real-time transaction system

Disk mirroring has found widespread use in computer systems as a method for providing fault tolerance. In addition to increasing reliability, a mirrored disk can also reduce I/O response time by supporting the execution of parallel I/O requests. The improvement in I/O efficiency is extremely important in a real-time system, where each computational entity carries a deadline. In this paper, we present two classes of real-time disk scheduling policies, RT-DMQ and RT-CMQ, for a mirrored disk I/O subsystem and examine their performance in an integrated real-time transaction system. The real-time transaction system model is validated on a real-time database testbed, called RT-CARAT. The performance results show that a mirrored disk I/O subsystem can decrease the fraction of transactions that miss their deadlines over a single disk system by 68%. Our results also reveal the importance of real-time scheduling policies, which can lead up to a 17% performance improvement over non-real-time policies in terms of minimizing the transaction loss ratio.

On the design of multiple key hashing files for concurrent orthogonal range retrieval between two disks

This paper concerns the following problem: given a set of multi-attribute records, a fixed number of buckets and a two-disk system, arrange the records into the buckets and then store the buckets between the disks in such a way that, over all possible orthogonal range queries (ORQs), the disk access concurrency is maximized. We shall adopt the multiple key hashing (MKH) method for arranging records into buckets and use the disk modulo (DM) allocation method for storing buckets onto disks. Since the DM allocation method has been shown to be superior to any other allocation methods for allocating an MKH file onto a two-disk system for answering ORQs, the real issue is knowing how to determine an optimal way for organizing the records into buckets based upon the MKH concept. A performance formula that can be used to evaluate the average response time, over all possible ORQs, of an MKH file in a two-disk system using the DM allocation method is first presented. Based upon this formula, it is shown that our design problem is related to a notoriously difficult problem, namely the Prime Number Problem. Then a performance lower bound and an efficient algorithm for designing optimal MKH files in certain cases are presented. It is pointed out that in some cases the optimal MKH file for ORQs in a two-disk system using the DM allocation method is identical to the optimal MKH file for ORQs in a single-disk system and the optimal average response time in a two-disk system is slightly greater than one half of that in a single-disk system.

A Theoretical Investigation of an Overhung Flexible Rotor Mounted on Uncentralized Squeeze-Film Damper Bearings and Flexible Supports

Previous investigations have shown that the uncentralized type of squeeze-film damper is an effective means of reducing the transmission of unbalance forces into the supporting structure. In this theoretical study a more complex model, which includes an overhung “fan” disk and and a noncentral “turbine” disk has been employed. This model represents the conventional gas turbine somewhat closer than does the previously studied single disk system. This investigation has shown that it is possible to minimize the force transmitted into the surrounding structure by a careful selection of squeeze-film damper characteristics, although it may be found that some larger amplitudes of motion accompany the minimized transmissibility.

Gyroscopic Effects on the Critical Speeds of Flexible Rotors

Abstract The forces and moments on rotating disks are found for the general case, and the various possible criticals of common rotor systems are determined and plotted for all degrees of gyroscopic effect. Specific examples are shown of a cantilever system, two simply supported single-disk systems, a double-disk system, and an infinite-disk system. Methods of solution are indicated for any case. The gyroscopic effect is shown for all possible ratios of shaft rotating frequency to whirl frequency.