Single Code Research Articles

Case Ascertainment in Pediatric Heart Failure Using International Classification of Disease Clinical Modification (ICD-CM) Codes.

Most epidemiological studies in pediatric heart failure (HF) use administrative database sources, defining patient cohorts by presence of a single HF ICD code. However, the ability of ICD codes to identify true HF patients is unknown in pediatrics.Here we describe the accuracy of HF ICD-10-CM code search algorithms, in identifying pediatric patients with HF from electronic data sources. Based on the adult HF literature, search algorithms were designed to incorporate HF ICD codes, imaging, and medications. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and accuracy of the algorithms were tested among children in an advanced HF clinic ("Clinic cohort"). Top-performing algorithms were then tested in a large-scale regional electronic data warehouse (EDW), 01/2017 to 01/2020, generating the "EDW Cohort". False positive cases were identified and characterized by chart review. Within the Clinic Cohort, 78/378 patients (21%) had gold standard HF diagnoses. A search algorithm with one HF ICD coded visit was more sensitive but less specific than > 1 HF ICD coded visit, (sensitivity 94% and specificity 89% versus 69% and 97%, respectively). Correspondingly, > 1 ICD coded visit had a higher PPV than one ICD coded visit; 84% vs. 69%. Accuracy was similar (90% vs 91%). Presence of 1 HF ICD code combined with HF medication had high sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy, all higher than the single ICD code algorithm. The "1 HF coded visit + any medication" algorithm resulted in highest accuracy (93%). Top-performing algorithms were tested in the EDW: the algorithm with > 1 HF ICD coded visit, and the algorithm with one HF ICD coded visit combined with HF medication. In the EDW Cohort, 133/248 (53.6%) patients had gold standard HF diagnoses though 115/248 (46.3%) were false positive cases; 41% of those had pulmonary over-circulation from congenital heart disease. Excluding children < 30days old and those with a history of an isolated VSD repair, complete AVSD repair, or PDA closure further reduced the proportion of false positives to 50/248 (20%). A search algorithm using a single HF ICD code can have acceptable sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy in identifying children with HF from within electronic medical records. Similar to adult HF literature, specificity improves by including HF medication. When applied to large data sources, however, the search algorithms result in a high proportion of patients with pulmonary overcirculation related to congenital heart disease. To narrow the population to those with myocardial dysfunction, case identification may require use of ICD codes with linked of administrative, surgical, and/or imaging databases.

A comparison of eight weakly dispersive Boussinesq-type models for non-breaking long-wave propagation in variable water depth

Weakly dispersive Boussinesq-type models are extensively used to model long-wave propagation in coastal areas and their interaction with coastal infrastructures. Many equations falling in this category have been formulated during the last decades, but few detailed comparisons between them can be found in the literature. In this work, we investigate theoretically and with computational experiments eight variants of the most popular models used by the coastal engineering community. Both weakly nonlinear and fully nonlinear models are considered, hoping to understand better when the additional complexity of the latter class of models is necessary or justified. We provide an overview and discuss the properties of these models, including the linear dispersion relation in uniform water depth, the second-order nonlinear coupling coefficient, the shoaling gradient, and the sensitivity to wave trough instabilities. The models are then numerically discretised using the same general strategy in a single numerical code, using fourth-order methods for time and space discretisation. Their capacity to simulate coastal wave propagation and their transformation when approaching the shore is assessed on three challenging one-dimensional benchmarks. It appears that fully nonlinear models are more consistent than their weakly nonlinear counterparts, which can occasionally perform better but show different behaviours depending on the case.

Revolutionizing Payment Systems: The Integration of TRAM and Trust in QRIS Adoption for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in Indonesia

Background: In an era where digital finance is growing rapidly, the Quick Response Code Indonesian Standard (QRIS) revolutionizes the payment system through a single unifying code. This study brings novelty in integrating TRAM and Trust in the adoption of QRIS in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia, for which studies are still limited. Objective: To observe determinants of QRIS adoption by integrating the Technology Readiness Acceptance Model (TRAM) and Trust in the emerging Indonesian market where QRIS is in a growing stage. Methods: This study collects data through the survey of 210 MSME owners and staff who are familiar with and/or have used QRIS through convenience sampling. In analyzing the data, this study uses the Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM) to examine the relationship between variables that explain influencing factors of QRIS adoption. Results: The results show that 7 of 13 hypotheses were accepted; optimism and trust positively significantly affect perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, while insecurity and innovation have no significant influence on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. Besides, this study shows unexpected positive results between discomfort, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness. Overall, the proposed TRAM and Trust model contributes 60.9 % in explaining QRIS adoption. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the importance of optimism, discomfort, trust, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness in influencing QRIS adoption in micro and small businesses in Indonesia. It guides QRIS providers, policymakers, financial institutions, and MSMEs in having effective QRIS adoption in business operations. Keywords: Micro Small and Medium Enterprises, QRIS, TRAM, Trust

On a Simplified Approach to Achieve Parallel Performance and Portability Across CPU and GPU Architectures

This paper presents software advances to easily exploit computer architectures consisting of a multi-core CPU and CPU+GPU to accelerate diverse types of high-performance computing (HPC) applications using a single code implementation. The paper describes and demonstrates the performance of the open-source C++ matrix and array (MATAR) library that uniquely offers: (1) a straightforward syntax for programming productivity, (2) usable data structures for data-oriented programming (DOP) for performance, and (3) a simple interface to the open-source C++ Kokkos library for portability and memory management across CPUs and GPUs. The portability across architectures with a single code implementation is achieved by automatically switching between diverse fine-grained parallelism backends (e.g., CUDA, HIP, OpenMP, pthreads, etc.) at compile time. The MATAR library solves many longstanding challenges associated with easily writing software that can run in parallel on any computer architecture. This work benefits projects seeking to write new C++ codes while also addressing the challenges of quickly making existing Fortran codes performant and portable over modern computer architectures with minimal syntactical changes from Fortran to C++. We demonstrate the feasibility of readily writing new C++ codes and modernizing existing codes with MATAR to be performant, parallel, and portable across diverse computer architectures.

Improving the Accuracy and Precision of Disease Identification When Utilizing Ehr Data for Research: the Case for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Objective We assessed the performance of ICD codes to identify patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a large academic health system and determined whether employing an algorithm using a combination of ICD codes could deliver higher accuracy and precision than single ICD codes in identifying HCC cases using electronic health record (EHR) data. Results The use of a single ICD code entry for HCC (ICD-9-CM 155.0 or ICD-10-CM C22.0) in our cohort of 1,007 established ambulatory care patients with potential HCC yielded 58% false positives (not true HCC cases) based on chart reviews. We developed an ICD code-based algorithm that prioritized positive predictive value (PPV), F-score, and accuracy to minimize false positives and negatives. The highest performing algorithm required at least 10 ICD code entries for HCC and the sum of ICD code entries for HCC to exceed the sum of ICD code entries for non-HCC malignancies. The algorithm demonstrated high performance (PPV 97.4%, F-score 0.92, accuracy 94%), which was internally validated (PPV 92.3%, F-score 0.90, accuracy 91%) using a separate sample of potential HCC cases. Our findings support the need to assess the accuracy and precision of ICD codes before using EHR data to study HCC more broadly.

Low-power coding method in data transmission systems

The object of the study is the Network-on-Chip (NoC) technology, which has become a popular choice for the on-chip communication architecture of modern System-on-Chip (SoC) devices. The subject matter of the article is methods of reducing dissipated power in NoC and SoC. The goal of the work is: development of a low-power coding method that allows for the efficient transmission or storage of information. The following tasks are solved in the article: analysis of classification methods for combinatorial structures, construction a system of typical representatives and analysis of their characteristics. The research methods are based on the use of set theory, system theory and combinatorics. The following results are obtained: analyzed factors that affect the dissipated power, considered principles of constructing energy-efficient codes. It is shown that switching activity significantly affects the total power and one of the effective methods for reducing switching activity during communication between devices or on-chip communication is the use of low-power coding methods. A method of hierarchical classification of unit distance codes and algorithms for solving step-by-step problems have been developed. The method is based on the invariant approach and construction of a system of different representatives. Estimates of their number have been obtained, characteristics have been determined, and catalogs of typical representatives have been formed. Conclusions. The article analyzes factors that affect dissipated power, and considers the principles of constructing energy-efficient codes. A method of hierarchical classification of single distance codes and algorithms for solving step-by-step problems have been developed, and catalogs of typical representatives have been formed. The application of the developed method will allow developers to analyze and select codes with the best properties and, as a result, obtain better results in terms of network delays, energy costs, and other design limitations for computer systems.

Root canal morphology of mandibular anterior permanent teeth in Turkish sub-population using two classification systems: a cone-beam computed tomography study.

This study examined the root and canal morphology of mandibular anterior teeth (MA) in the Turkish sub-population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), comparing the findings based on Vertucci's and Ahmed et al. classification systems. The CBCT images were acquired using the 3D Accuitomo CBCT device. Images that were deemed suitable for visualizing the roots, canals, and the complete pulp chamber and apex were included in the study. Vertucci and Ahmed et al. classification systems were employed to determine the root canal morphology. 500 CBCT images and 3000 teeth were analyzed. Type I (1MA1) was the most frequent, followed by Type III (1MA1-2-1). 3.8% of teeth could not be classified with Vertucci system. In canine teeth, Vertucci type III (1MA1-2-1) was significantly more prevalent in males than females (p = 0.038) and Type I (1MA1) was less frequent in individuals aged 41-50 (p < 0.05). Canal divergence/merging was the most common at the middle/apical level for central (15.5%) and lateral (10.3%) teeth, and at the coronal/middle level for canine teeth (1.9%). Bilateral similarity was high for all tooth groups (> 78%). One-third of mandibular incisor teeth have two canals, with a significant number exhibiting canal divergence/merging that was separated in the middle region and merged in the apical region. The Vertucci classification was found to be inadequate in some cases, while Ahmed et al. classification was able to classify all mandibular incisors with a single code. Ahmed et al. classification is a more useful system for classifying all MA.

FMCF: A fusing multiple code features approach based on Transformer for Solidity smart contracts source code summarization

A smart contract is a software program executed on a blockchain, designed to facilitate functionalities such as contract execution, asset administration, and identity validation within a secure and decentralized ecosystem. Summarizing the code of Solidity smart contracts aids developers in promptly grasping essential functionalities, thereby enhancing the security posture of Ethereum-based projects. Existing smart contract code summarization works mainly use traditional information retrieval and single code features, resulting in suboptimal performance. In this study, we propose a fusing multiple code features (FMCF) approach based on Transformer for Solidity summarization. First, FMCF created contract integrity modeling and state immutability modeling in the data preprocessing stage to process and filter data that meets security conditions. At the same time, FMCF retains the self-attention mechanism to construct the Graph Attention Network (GAT) encoder and CodeBERT encoder, which respectively extract multiple feature vectors of the code to ensure the integrity of the source code information. Furthermore, the FMCF uses a weighted summation method to input these two types of feature vectors into the feature fusion module for fusion and inputs the fused feature vectors into the Transformer decoder to obtain the final smart contract code summarization. The experimental results show that FMCF outperforms the standard baseline methods by 12.45% in the BLEU score and maximally preserves the semantic information and syntax structures of the source code. The results demonstrate that the FMCF can provide a good direction for future research on smart contract code summarization, thereby helping developers enhance the security of development projects.

Limitations of NHIC claim code-based surveillance and the necessity of UDI implementation in Korea

The E-Health Big Data Evidence Innovation Network (FeederNet) in Korea, based on the observational medical outcomes partnership (OMOP) common data model (CDM), had 72.3% participation from tertiary hospitals handling severe diseases as of October 2022. While this contributes to the activation of multi-institutional research, concerns about the comprehensiveness of device data persist due to the adoption of national health insurance corporation (NHIC) claim codes as device identifiers in the medical device field. This study critically evaluated the effectiveness and compatibility of NHIC claim codes and unique device identifier (UDI) within FeederNet to identify the optimal identifier for efficient Post-market surveillance (PMS). Specifically, this study addressed three main questions: (1) the number of UDIs classified as NHIC-covered items, (2) the number of UDIs included in each NHIC claim code, and (3) the number of NHIC claim codes each UDI covers. Among the 1,979,655 UDIs registered domestically, only 36.02% (712,983) were classified as covered by National Health Insurance. NHIC-covered medical devices were limited to categories (A) medical devices, (B) medical supplies, and (C) dental materials, excluding most software and in vitro diagnostics (IVD). Multiple UDIs could be registered under a single NHIC claim code, and a single UDI could be registered under multiple NHIC claim codes. Only 32.62% (13,756/42,171) of NHIC claim codes had registered UDIs, with an average of 53 UDIs per claim code. Of the UDIs listed as NHIC covered, 92.39% (659,046/713,341) had one claim code, while 7.25% (51,652) had multiple claim codes. Additionally, 2643 UDIs were listed as NHIC covered but had no registered claim codes. Due to this complex relationship, NHIC claim code-based PMS may pool safe and unsafe models or disperse problematic models across multiple claim codes, leading to a lower problem rate or insignificant differences between claim codes, thus reducing signal detection sensitivity compared to UDI-based PMS. In conclusion, NHIC claim code-based PMS has limitations in granularity and signal detection sensitivity, necessitating the adoption of UDI-based PMS to address these issues. The UDI system can enhance the accuracy of medical device identification and tracking, playing a crucial role in generating real-world evidence (RWE) by integrating data from various sources. Future research should explore specific strategies for integrating and utilizing UDI with NHIC claim codes, contributing to the implementation of a more reliable and comprehensive PMS in Korea’s healthcare system.

Improved implementation of serial pseudorandom/natural code converters used in absolute position encoders

Abstract Pseudorandom encoders represent a significant type of absolute position encoders that can be implemented using only a single code track on a code disk and a single reading head, making them especially suitable for high-resolution position measurements. Since pseudorandom code words used for encoding positions are not compatible with other electronics, pseudorandom encoders include a converter that translates the pseudorandom code into the natural binary code. This paper proposes an improved implementation of the serial Fibonacci pseudorandom/natural code converter used in pseudorandom position encoders. The improvement is based on modifying the way bits are written into the converter’s shift register, which reduces the propagation delay inside the code converter, thus enabling an increase in the clock frequency. Simulations of the proposed solution, performed in Multisim software, provide a realistic picture of its behaviour and performance. Based on the simulation results, the proposed solution enables a significant increase in the clock frequency of the code converter by 180.54% or 57.56%, depending on the encoder resolution. This significantly boosts the speed of code conversion and enhances the overall performance of the position encoder. The proposed solution is highly valuable for numerous position measurement applications, especially in the increasingly relevant high-resolution applications.

QRGB+: Advanced QR Code Generator with RGB Color Method in Python to Expand Data Capacity

The present work entitled QRGB, consists of the development of an application in Python for the generation of QR codes using the additive color generation (RGB) method. This innovative method allows increasing the density of information stored in QR codes by using three color layers (red, green and blue), each representing a different set of data. QRGB offers an efficient and secure solution for storing and transmitting large amounts of information in limited spaces, significantly improving the capabilities of traditional black and white QR codes. By using three layers of colors, QRGB codes can store up to three times more information in the same space. This technique not only increases storage capacity but also improves information security, making it difficult to forge or manipulate the code. The overlay of multiple data layers allows redundancy to be implemented, increasing the robustness of the code against damage or reading errors. QRGBs are especially useful in applications that require the transmission of large amounts of data in limited spaces, such as in the packaging industry, digital business cards, and interactive advertising. Additionally, they have great potential in areas such as document and banknote security, where the authenticity and integrity of information are crucial. These points provide a solid foundation for understanding the innovation and advantages of colored QR codes (QRGB) compared to traditional QR codes, highlighting their applicability and potential in various sectors. This article presents a novel method for encoding and decoding information using a QRGB code, which involves the generation of three independent QR codes and their superimposition according to the additive color system (RGB). The research highlights the challenges encountered during the encoding and decoding processes due to the lack of specific libraries in Python, which required the creation of a custom solution using open source tools. The implementation takes advantage of Python and its libraries: qrcode[pil] to generate QR codes with the Pillow dependency for image manipulation, Pillow to open, manipulate and save different image formats, and opencv-python to perform tasks such as image processing and object detection. Despite facing issues with color mixing and accurate information retrieval, the proposed method demonstrates a significant increase in data density within a single QR code. Future work will focus on optimizing the algorithm and exploring potential applications in data security and high-density information storage. This Python script is designed to generate and decode QR codes with a logo overlay using a graphical user interface (GUI) built with Tkinter. The script combines several functionalities, such as creating QR codes, overlaying a logo, combining QR images of different colors, and manually decoding combined QR codes.

Legal regulation of Fintech in the Kingdom of Belgium

Fintech technologies have achieved great success in expanding access to payment services in some countries of the world. They are used by major digital platforms to fill gaps in the traditional payment system. More and more companies around the world are embracing Fintech and moving to the latest technologies that can lead to significant efficiency gains in the financial sector, including payments, financing, investments, asset management and insurance. However, they can also pose risks to the stability and integrity of the financial system, especially when they operate outside the scope of financial regulation and supervision. Every country in the world is unique, each country has its own legislation and its own approach to legal regulation of Fintech. Currently, there is no single legal act in the world that would regulate Fintech in absolutely all countries. Just as there is no single tax code in the world, there cannot be a single regulatory act regulating Fintech, because each country has its own legislation, traditions, culture, etc., so the approach to Fintech in each country is individual. The article analyzes the experience of legal regulation of the Fintech market in the European Union and examines in depth the experience of the Kingdom of Belgium. The Fintech legal regulation of the Kingdom of Belgium is based on EU directives, regulations, resolutions and other legal acts, which are the basis of Belgian law. Belgian fintech legislation is adapted to the norms of the European Union and defines the “rules of the game” for Fintech services in Belgium, allowing Belgian authorities to carry out financial regulation, supervision, control over Fintech platforms for their compliance with relevant laws, regulations, standards, which enable government agencies to fight cybercrime, money laundering, bring perpetrators to justice, and provide Fintech platforms with corporate transparency, integrity, and consumers with protection from cybercrime, fraud, and other crimes.

Разработка кроссплатформенного приложения для управления робототехническим комплексом

A brief analysis of the approaches currently used to develop management programs is provided, their application features, advantages and disadvantages are identified. For the study, the development of a cross-platform appli-cation of control systems for robotic complexes (RTC) was chosen, using the example of RTC with MP-11 robotic manipulators. The structure of the control system includes a controller on the Arduino Mega 2560 Pro Mini board with a loaded low-level program and an upper-level program. The development is carried out on the platform.NET MAUI, which allows you to create an application for Windows, Android, and IOS operating systems on a single code base, i.e. the same code is automatically compiled for all operating systems, taking into account their features and applied elements. The control computer is connected via USB, mobile devices via Bluetooth, while data is programmatically transmitted via a serial port. The description of the modes of operation of the developed application, its functioning algorithms, indicating the features of execution for this type of programs and the appearance of forms with elements located on them is given. The program provides manual and automatic modes of operation, as well as control of not only the RTC, but also its model. The key features of this application are the use of a single code base and design for the implementation of desktop and mobile applications for various operating systems without using network resources, unlike web applications.

Haxe as a Swiss knife for bioinformatic applications: the SeqPHASE case story.

Haxe is a general purpose, object-oriented programming language supporting syntactic macros. The Haxe compiler is well known for its ability to translate the source code of Haxe programs into the source code of a variety of other programming languages including Java, C++, JavaScript, and Python. Although Haxe is more and more used for a variety of purposes, including games, it has not yet attracted much attention from bioinformaticians. This is surprising, as Haxe allows generating different versions of the same program (e.g. a graphical user interface version in JavaScript running in a web browser for beginners and a command-line version in C++ or Python for increased performance) while maintaining a single code, a feature that should be of interest for many bioinformatic applications. To demonstrate the usefulness of Haxe in bioinformatics, we present here the case story of the program SeqPHASE, written originally in Perl (with a CGI version running on a server) and published in 2010. As Perl+CGI is not desirable anymore for security purposes, we decided to rewrite the SeqPHASE program in Haxe and to host it at Github Pages (https://eeg-ebe.github.io/SeqPHASE), thereby alleviating the need to configure and maintain a dedicated server. Using SeqPHASE as an example, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Haxe's source code conversion functionality when it comes to implementing bioinformatic software.

The Re-development of Proxsis Workspace with Responsive Design and Multiplatform approaches using Flutter Framework

Most of previous studies implemented the responsive design approach for the web-based application platform only since it had several difficulties to apply in the mobile-based application platform. In addition, the mobile application required different codebases since there were several platforms like Android and iOS. However, this study tried to redevelopment the Proxsis Workspace website to mobile application with responsive design and multiplatform approaches using Flutter Framework, in order to explore the potentials and counter the difficulties these two approaches for mobile development. In addition, we provide the detailed improvement, and the software testing results of our redevelopment app. Eight participants were participated in this study to measure the improvement of the redevelopment application. The results showed that the redevelopment version of the Proxsis Workspace could implement the responsive design and multiplatform approaches well. Furthermore, the software testing found that the redevelopment version passed the responsive design and multiplatform testing. In addition, there was significant different and enhancement of the usability score from 52.50 with marginal category to 72.81 with acceptable category. Hence, the authors suggest implementing the responsive design and multiplatform with Flutter Framework to enhance and make efficient with single code base only.

Assessing Process Control in the Foundry

Relying on scrap rates alone to assess process control in the foundry can be deceiving. Depending on the inspection method used, it is possible to sort grossly non-conforming parts, while still allowing a wide window of acceptance, masking a process that is out of control. Modern methods of acoustic resonance testing (ART) allow for detailed data logging of both part weight and resonant frequency peak data. Monitoring these two factors at the lot level can give foundry managers insight into how consistent their process is both within a single date code and across multiple date codes. The information collected during quality testing can and should be combined with statistical information gathered at the front of the foundry (design, tooling, molding, inoculation, pouring, cooling, and shakeout) and used to adjust the process to achieve smaller data spreads and more consistent and repeatable process control. Once a process is deemed to be under control, consideration should be given to monitoring the defined specification limits and subsequent control limits using statistical trend analysis as a means for ensuring a process is not approaching a condition in which the opportunity for quality issues can arise.

Dynamic analysis of field-scale rockslides based on three-dimensional discontinuous smoothed particle hydrodynamics: A case study of Tangjiashan rockslide

To improve the understanding of the dynamic disastrous process of field-scale rockslides, a novel numerical approach, Three-dimensional Discontinuous Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (3DSPH), was originally developed. This method comprehensively captures sequential stages of crack initiation and propagation, formation of contacts, frictional slip, catastrophic slides of rock masses, and final deposition, which was verified by three benchmark tests including the bouncing test of rigid balls, block sliding test and unconfined compression test of layered rock specimens. The approach was subsequently employed in the case of the Tangjiashan rockslide blocking valley event with particular attention paid to the influence of layered rock structure on the sliding and deposition processes. Field survey, geomorphological analysis and laboratory test of rock specimens were conducted to determine fundamental geological conditions and parameters required by the numerical simulation. Finally, 3D rockslide simulations with different rock layer thickness and strength subject to seismicity were conducted. The duration of the actual Tangjiashan rockslide's valley-blocking event (approximately 60 s) and the deposition area derived from the numerical simulation closely align with the field investigation. The rockslide mode is characterized by an ‘en masse’ motion with a peak sliding velocity of approximately 35–37 m/s. This single numerical code systematically elucidated the authentic attributes of the sliding process of large-scale rockslides, and realistically captured the characteristics of preservation of layered features within the sliding mass and ‘high-speed and short-distance’ movements with fluidization. These insights offer a fresh perspective for understanding the dynamics of large-scale rockslides with complex geological structures and subsequent accumulation processes.

The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: The nature of the faint source population and SFR–radio luminosity relation using prospector

ABSTRACT Spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting has been extensively used to determine the nature of the faint radio source population. Recent efforts have combined fits from multiple SED-fitting codes to account for the host galaxy and any active nucleus that may be present. We show that it is possible to produce similar-quality classifications using a single energy-balance SED fitting code, prospector, to model up to 26 bands of UV–far-infrared aperture-matched photometry for ∼31 000 sources in the ELAIS-N1 field from the LOFAR Two-Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS) deep fields first data release. One of a new generation of SED-fitting codes, prospector accounts for potential contributions from radiative active galactic nuclei (AGN) when estimating galaxy properties, including star formation rates (SFRs) derived using non-parametric star formation histories. Combining this information with radio luminosities, we classify 92 per cent of the radio sources as a star-forming galaxy, high-/low-excitation radio galaxy, or radio-quiet AGN and study the population demographics as a function of 150 MHz flux density, luminosity, SFR, stellar mass, redshift, and apparent r-band magnitude. Finally, we use prospector SED fits to investigate the SFR–150 MHz luminosity relation for a sample of ∼133 000 3.6 μm-selected z &amp;lt; 1 sources, finding that the stellar mass dependence is significantly weaker than previously reported, and may disappear altogether at $\log _{10} (\mathrm{SFR}/M_\odot \, \mathrm{yr}^{-1}) \gt 0.5$. This approach makes it significantly easier to classify radio sources from LoTSS and elsewhere, and may have important implications for future studies of star-forming galaxies at radio wavelengths.

Automated vs. manual coding of neuroimaging reports via natural language processing, using the international classification of diseases, tenth revision

ObjectiveNatural language processing (NLP) can generate diagnoses codes from imaging reports. Meanwhile, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes are the United States' standard for billing/coding, which enable tracking disease burden and outcomes. This cross-sectional study aimed to test feasibility of an NLP algorithm's performance and comparison to radiologists' and physicians' manual coding. MethodsThree neuroradiologists and one non-radiologist physician reviewers manually coded a randomly-selected pool of 200 craniospinal CT and MRI reports from a pool of >10,000. The NLP algorithm (Radnosis, VEEV, Inc., Minneapolis, MN) subdivided each report's Impression into “phrases”, with multiple ICD-10 matches for each phrase. Only viewing the Impression, the physician reviewers selected the single best ICD-10 code for each phrase. Codes selected by the physicians and algorithm were compared for agreement. ResultsThe algorithm extracted the reports' Impressions into 645 phrases, each having ranked ICD-10 matches. Regarding the reviewers' selected codes, pairwise agreement was unreliable (Krippendorff α = 0.39-0.63). Using unanimous reviewer agreement as “ground truth”, the algorithm's sensitivity/specificity/F2 for top 5 codes was 0.88/0.80/0.83, and for the single best code was 0.67/0.82/0.67. The engine tabulated “pertinent negatives” as negative codes for stated findings (e.g. “no intracranial hemorrhage”). The engine's matching was more specific for shorter than full-length ICD-10 codes (p = 0.00582x10−3). ConclusionsManual coding by physician reviewers has significant variability and is time-consuming, while the NLP algorithm's top 5 diagnosis codes are relatively accurate. This preliminary work demonstrates the feasibility and potential for generating codes with reliability and consistency. Future works may include correlating diagnosis codes with clinical encounter codes to evaluate imaging's impact on, and relevance to care.

Smart design of a high-performance seat frame for a luxury car

The design of mechanical components in recent years has been experiencing a series of innovative processes which, in addition to the classic methodologies, also support topological and structural optimization considering the product life cycle (LCA). These innovative aspects make it possible to reduce the weight of the components and the impact on the environment, both during production and during operation. The purpose of this work is to create a tool for the “intelligent design” of automotive components through optimization algorithms called “Smart Design”. The final intent is to create a multidisciplinary methodology for mechanical design that combines topological optimization techniques and product life cycle analysis. The single studies, from the creation of the CAD and the finite element analysis, up to the topological optimization and the LCA analysis, are managed by a single code generated in the Matlab® environment. The work is carried out in collaboration with Ferrari S.p.a.