Simultaneous Occurrence Research Articles

The simultaneous occurrence of livedoid vasculopathy and lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis in six cases.

Lymphocytic thrombophilic arteritis and livedoid vasculopathy may both present with livedo racemosa and ulceration. We present 6 cases with features of both conditions, raising the possibility that they are either closely linked or are part of a spectrum of the same condition.

Optimal control of jacket platforms vibrations under the simultaneous effect of waves and earthquakes considering fluid-structure interaction

Offshore platforms are very important structures that experience different types of dynamic loads throughout their service lives. In this study, the effects of the simultaneous occurrence of earthquakes and wave loads are investigated. The influences of earthquake-related water shaking on microwaves have also been considered. For this purpose, a case study is performed on the Ressalat oil platform in the Persian Gulf. The modified endurance wave analysis (MEWA) is used to produce waves corresponding to the structure's location. Moreover, the interactions between the fluid and the structure (FSI), as well as the effect of the added mass caused by the oscillation of the platform in the fluid are considered in the analysis. In order to control platform vibrations, the ideas of semi-active control using magnetic fluid dampers (MR), along with the fractional order proportional-integral-derivative (FOPID) control algorithm, are investigated. For online calculation of the gains of the control algorithm, an observer composed of 2-interval type fuzzy systems (IT2FLS) is used, whose orders, the membership functions of the fuzzy system inputs, as well as the fuzzy rules set, are optimized by Observer-Teacher-Learner-Based Optimization (OTLBO). This technique is a powerful meta-heuristic algorithm. In the used control process, the effect of actuator saturation, which is one of the problems of semi-active control systems, is considered. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed control, the maximum value and the root-mean-square (RMS) responses of the platform under 5 waves with different return periods and 7 far-fault earthquake records are compared. The results show that in the cases of simultaneous wave and earthquake loads, the wave load can partly reduce the maximum displacements caused by earthquakes. Also, the maximum and RMS displacement of the jacket platforms' level under wave load with a return period of 100 years and 7 earthquakes are reduced by an average of 35%, which can increase the service life of these structures by 4 times.

Countries most exposed to individual and concurrent extremes and near-permanent extreme conditions at different global warming levels

Abstract. It is now certain that human-induced climate change is increasing the incidence of extreme temperature, precipitation and drought events globally. A critical aspect of these extremes is their potential concurrency that can result in substantial impacts on society and environmental systems. Therefore, quantifying concurrent extremes in current and projected climate is necessary to take measures and adapt to future challenges associated with such conditions. Here we investigate changes in individual and concurrent extremes in multi-model simulations of the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) for different global warming levels (GWLs). We focus on the individual and simultaneous occurrence of the extreme events, encompassing heatwaves, droughts, maximum 1 d precipitation (Rx1day), and extreme wind (wind), as well as the compound events heatwave–drought and Rx1day–wind in the pre-industrial period (1850–1900; reference period), for approximately present conditions (+1 ∘C of global warming), and at three higher global warming levels (GWLs of +1.5, +2 and +3 ∘C). We focus our analysis on 139 countries and three climatic macro-regions: northern mid- and high-latitude countries (MHC), subtropical countries (STC), and tropical countries (TRC). We find that, on a global scale, most individual extremes become more frequent and affect more land area for higher GWLs. Changes in frequency of individual heatwaves, droughts, Rx1day and extreme wind with higher GWLs cause shifts in timing and disproportionate increases in frequency of concurrent events across different months and different regions. As a result, concurrent occurrences of the investigated extremes become 2.0 to 9.6 times more frequent at +3 ∘C of global warming compared to the pre-industrial period. At +3 ∘C the most dramatic increase is identified for concurrent heatwave–drought events, with a 9.6-times increase for MHC, an 8.4-times increase for STC and a 6.8-times increase for TRC compared to the pre-industrial period. By contrast, Rx1day–wind events increased the most in TRC (5.3 times), followed by STC (2.3 times) and MHC (2.0 times) at +3 ∘C with respect to the pre-industrial period. Based on the 2015 population, these frequency changes imply an increase in the number of concurrent heatwave–drought (Rx1day–wind) events per capita for 82 % (41 %) of countries. Our results also suggest that there are almost no time periods (on average 0 or only 1 month per year) without heatwaves, droughts, Rx1day and extreme wind for 21 countries at +1.5 ∘C of global warming, 37 countries at +2 ∘C and 85 countries at +3 ∘C, compared to 2 countries at +1 ∘C of global warming. This shows that a large number of countries will shift to near-permanent extreme conditions even at global warming levels consistent with the limits of the Paris Agreement. Given the projected disproportionate frequency increases and decreasing non-event months across GWLs, our results strongly emphasize the risks of uncurbed greenhouse gas emissions.

Coexisting Infantile Hepatic Hemangioma and Hepatoblastoma in a Neonate: A Case Report.

Infantile hepatic hemangioma and hepatoblastoma are the most common benign and malignant tumors of the liver in the neonatal and early childhood periods, respectively. However, the simultaneous occurrence of these 2 tumors in the same liver lesion is very rare. We report a case of a newborn infant diagnosed with a liver mass by ultrasound examination 4 days after birth. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) was elevated for his age (32,881.7 ng/mL). The liver mass was resected. Macroscopically, an externally protruding mass measuring 6 × 4 × 3.5 cm was identified. Microscopically, we observed the coexistence of infantile hepatic hemangioma and epithelial hepatoblastoma components within the tumor. The infantile hepatic hemangioma component was composed of multiple small vascular channels lined by endothelial cells. In the hepatoblastoma component, tumor cells were arranged in a 2- to 3-cell-thick trabecular formation. Immunohistochemistry indicated that the tumor cells in the infantile hepatic hemangioma component expressed CD34, CD31, FLI1, and ERG, and those in the hepatoblastoma component expressed hepatocyte, keratin AE1/AE3 and keratin 8, glypican 3, glutamine synthetase, and AFP. Pathological examination confirmed the presence of an infantile hepatic hemangioma combined with epithelial hepatoblastoma (fetal type). The boy did not undergo chemotherapy after the operation. Regular follow-up through serum AFP levels and liver ultrasound for 16 months to date show that the serum AFP levels decreased continuously to normal levels, with no signs of tumor recurrence or metastasis. The coexistence of infantile hepatic hemangioma and hepatoblastoma is rare. Hepatoblastoma should be considered in neonates with liver tumors and elevated AFP.

Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome associated to Cervical Artery Dissection: Two Cases and Review of the Literature. (P11-5.012)

<h3>Objective:</h3> The purpose of this study was to describe the association between Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome (RCVS) and Cervical Artery Dissection (CAD) in two cases and to review the literature discussing potential explanations for the association. <h3>Background:</h3> RCVS and CAD are infrequent and potentially underdiagnosed pathological conditions. There are few case reports with simultaneous occurrence of both conditions. A potentially common underlying physiopathological mechanism is still unknown. <h3>Design/Methods:</h3> Retrospective study of consecutive cases of patients diagnosed with RCVS and/or CAD from January 2010 to June 2021 in a neurological institute in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and neuroimaging data were collected and reviewed. Possible predisposing factors, clinical course and treatment were also recorded. Literature review was performed using online search engine PubMed, until June 2021. <h3>Results:</h3> Seventy-three SVCR cases and 256 CAD cases were included. Only 2 patients had RCVS and CAD simultaneously. RCVS and CAD diagnosis in those two cases were made simultaneously. Both cases received treatment for CAD and RVCS and had good outcomes, without ischemic or hemorrhagic complications. These 2 cases add to 9 case reports and a case series of 20 patients published in the literature. <h3>Conclusions:</h3> The association between RCVS and CAD is infrequent and the pathophysiological mechanisms are still uncertain. Nonetheless, it is convenient to study intracranial and extracranial vasculature in all patients since the simultaneous diagnosis of these entities modifies the therapeutic plan and care. <b>Disclosure:</b> Dr. Ricciardi has nothing to disclose. Maia Gomez Schneider has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ruiz Yanzi has nothing to disclose. Mr. Garat has nothing to disclose. Dr. Alessandro has nothing to disclose. Dr. Dossi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pujol Lereis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ameriso has received personal compensation in the range of $500-$4,999 for serving on a Scientific Advisory or Data Safety Monitoring board for PHRI. Dr. Ameriso has received personal compensation in the range of $0-$499 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Bayer, Boehringer, Abbott, AstraZeneca.

Design nanoprobe based on DNA tetrahedron supported hybridization chain reaction and its application to in situ analysis of bacteria

A new nanoprobe (DTAAT) has been well designed based on DNA tetrahedron supported hybridization chain reaction (HCR) and further applied for in situ analysis of bacteria. Antibody-aptamer conjugate (AA) has been coupled with DNA tetrahedron (DT) followed by the linkage of trigger strand (A). Bacteria can be preciously recognized by dual binding of both antibody and aptamer in DTAAT, to release trigger strand which is complementary with aptamer. By virtue of proximity effect, the released trigger strand can further efficiently induce the simultaneous occurrence of arrays of HCR at three vertices of DT, with rapid reaction rate of 359.29 min−1 in comparison with that of 212.60 min−1 for free HCR. DTAAT can be served for in situ imaging of bacteria by confocal laser scanning microscopy and single-cell characterization by flow cytometry. Moreover, using DTAAT as probe, the quantitative analysis of bacteria can be realized with high specificity and anti-interference capability. In a word, the developed DTAAT nanoprobe has a great potential for accurate and sensitive in situ analysis of bacteria.

Simultaneous Occurrence of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Report

Simultaneous Occurrence of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Report

Non-linear analytical model for FRCM coupons in tension

Externally bonded FRCM (Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix) materials are nowadays quite diffused to reinforce existing structures: taking as reference FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer), the replacement of an organic matrix with mortar is more compatible with masonry substrates, and the reversibility of the reinforcement is more appealing for the architectural heritage conservation. At the same time, due to the low strength of the mortar layers, complex failure mechanisms are observed for FRCMs, which still need comprehensive theoretical investigations. Indeed, not only the mortar-fiber interface may behave non-linearly, but also the mortar may crack and affect the overall behavior. The tensile test on coupons is commonly used as a direct approach to characterize the properties of the reinforcing package, and there is a wide consensus on approximating the global behavior with a trilinear law; however, the different test set-ups and the inhomogeneity of the material itself bring about large dispersion of the experimental results. This paper aims at proposing a simplified analytical model to consider the damage mechanisms in FRCM coupons in tension, including interface slippage, mortar cracking, and their simultaneous occurrence. The accuracy of the model is then verified by comparing the results with experimental data. The conditions under which such failure mechanisms occur and the effects of material properties are also investigated with a view to complement the understanding of experimental observations from a theoretical perspective.

Association between Simultaneous Occurrence of Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Noise-Induced Vestibular Dysfunction: A Systematic Review.

Background: Because of functional and structural similarities between the cochlea and vestibular sensory receptors, vestibular dysfunction could be accompanied by noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) due to occupational noise exposure. We aimed to evaluate the occurrence of vestibular dysfunction (VD) in individuals with NIHL and occupational noise exposure. A systematic literature research was carried out within the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science for published articles between 1980 and Jan 5, 2023 using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The methodological quality of the included systematic reviews was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Vestibular system dysfunction parameters were considered as primary outcomes in subjects with NIHL. We reviewed the evidence (from 19 eligible articles) for VD from noise-induced damage to peripheral vestibular structures. VD can occur after occupational noise exposure or concomitantly with NIHL. Furthermore, this study showed that the saccular organ has a higher susceptibility to noise damage than the vestibular organs of the utricle and semicircular canals (SCCs). Our results support the role of occupational noise exposure and NIHL as risk factors for developing VD. Further research is needed to investigate the association between the occurrence of VD due to occupational noise exposure or concomitantly with NIHL.

Partial trisomy 9p and partial monosomy 7p of an infant inherited from maternal balanced translocation: a case report

BackgroundSubchromosomal deletions and duplications are the leading cause of congenital malformations and mental retardation in children. With the recent clinical application of genomic microarrays in the evaluation of patients with developmental delays and congenital malformations, it has led to the discovery of several new microdeletion and microduplication syndromes. However, there are no published reports involving patients with both microduplications in the 9p21.1-p24.3 region and microdeletions in the 7p22.1-p22.3 region.Case presentationWe report an infant with an autosomal abnormality confirmed by conventional karyotype combined with copy number variations sequencing (CNV-seq), showing the patient with an unbalanced translocation. The karyotype of the patient was 46, XX, der (7)t (7;9) (p22; p21) and CNV-seq results showed an approximately 32.34-Mb duplication in 9p21.1-p24.3 (200000-32540000) and an approximately 3.3-Mb deletion in 7p22.2-p22.3 (40000-3340000).ConclusionsThe patient carried an unbalanced translocation 46, XX, der (7)t (7;9) (p22; p21) derived from her mother. The clinical presentation is closely related to the size and position of the missing and duplicated chromosomes. To our knowledge, the simultaneous occurrence of de novo partial trisomy 9p(9p21.1-p24.3) and partial monosomy 7p (7p22.2-p22.3) has not previously been reported up until now. The present study additionally demonstrated that CNV-seq combined with karyotype is able to reliably detect unbalanced submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations.

Build-up and dephasing of Floquet-Bloch bands on subcycle timescales.

Strong light fields have created opportunities to tailor novel functionalities of solids1-5. Floquet-Bloch states can form under periodic driving of electrons and enable exotic quantum phases6-15. On subcycle timescales, lightwaves can simultaneously drive intraband currents16-29 and interband transitions18,19,30,31, which enable high-harmonic generation16,18,19,21,22,25,28-30 and pave the way towards ultrafast electronics. Yet, the interplay of intraband and interband excitations and their relation to Floquet physics have been key open questions as dynamical aspects of Floquet states have remained elusive. Here we provide this link by visualizing the ultrafast build-up of Floquet-Bloch bands with time-resolved and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We drive surface states on a topological insulator32,33 with mid-infrared fields-strong enough for high-harmonic generation-and directly monitor the transient band structure with subcycle time resolution. Starting with strong intraband currents, we observe how Floquet sidebands emerge within a single optical cycle; intraband acceleration simultaneously proceeds in multiple sidebands until high-energy electrons scatter into bulk states and dissipation destroys the Floquet bands. Quantum non-equilibrium calculations explain the simultaneous occurrence of Floquet states with intraband and interband dynamics. Our joint experiment and theory study provides a direct time-domain view of Floquet physics and explores the fundamental frontiers of ultrafast band-structure engineering.

The longitudinal progression of autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: A 7-year study.

Autonomic dysfunction, including gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, and urinary dysfunction, is often present in early Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, the knowledge of the longitudinal progression of these symptoms, and the connection between different autonomic domains, is limited. Furthermore, the relationship between the presence of autonomic symptoms in early-stage PD and olfactory dysfunction, a possible marker of central nervous system involvement, has not been fully investigated. We aimed to investigate the occurrence and progression of autonomic dysfunction in recently diagnosed (< 2 years) untreated PD patients and determine any coexistence of symptoms in individual patients. We also investigated the relationship between autonomic symptoms, olfactory dysfunction, and motor impairment. Data were obtained from the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. Autonomic dysfunction was measured using the Scales for Outcomes in Parkinson's Disease (SCOPA-AUT). Symptom frequency and mean scores over 7 years were determined. The simultaneous occurrence of different autonomic symptoms was also examined. Finally, the relationships between SCOPA-AUT scores, olfactory dysfunction, and motor impairment were investigated using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT) and the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), respectively. Follow-up data were available for 7 years for 171 PD patients and for 5 years for 136 HCs. Mean SCOPA-AUT score increased significantly from baseline to the 7-year follow-up for each autonomic domain, except for female sexual dysfunction. Most patients reported three or more autonomic symptoms. Common clusters of symptoms were composed of combinations of gastrointestinal, urinary, thermoregulatory, and sexual dysfunction. At baseline, greater SCOPA-AUT total score was associated with lower UPSIT scores (r = -0.209, p = 0.006) and with greater total MDS-UDPRS III score (r = 0.218, p = 0.004). Autonomic dysfunction, often with coexistence of autonomic manifestations, is common in early PD and progressively worsens over the first 7 years of disease, suggesting that these symptoms should be addressed with appropriate treatments early in the disease. The association between greater autonomic dysfunction and greater olfactory impairment, coupled with the association with more severe motor scores at baseline, indicates that patients who show more severe autonomic dysfunction could also have more severe involvement of the central nervous system at the time of diagnosis.

АНАЛИТИЧЕСКОЕ ВЫРАЖЕНИЕ ДЛЯ РАСЧЕТА СОСТАВА КАТОДНОГО ОСАДКА, ОБРАЗУЮЩЕГОСЯ ПРИ ОДНОВРЕМЕННОМ ПРОТЕКАНИИ НА ЭЛЕКТРОДЕ ЭЛЕТРОХИМИЧЕСКОЙ И ХИМИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАКЦИЙ

Using the Faraday’s and Fick’s equations, an analytical expression was obtained for calculating the composition of the cathode deposit UO2-ZrO2, which is formed during the simultaneous occurrence of electrochemical and chemical reactions on the electrode. Qualitative coincidence of the form of dependences, and in some cases, quantitative values, on the process conditions was established.

Live Load Multiple Presence Factors for Design and Evaluation of Short-to-Medium Span Highway Bridges

The critical live loads in bridge design or evaluation could be caused by either a single vehicle event or simultaneous occurrence of two or more vehicles, which is usually called a “multiple presence event.” The multiple presence factors (MPFs) are then defined to assess the live load effects from single and multiple presence events. The MPFs from the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials Load and Resistance Factor Design (AASHTO LRFD) were derived three decades ago, by assuming the probability of multiple presence events based on field observation. In addition, the correlation among truck loads in multiple presence events needs further evaluation based on actual data, as previous studies have assumed either fully correlated or independence across the lanes. There is an imperative need to re-evaluate the MPFs based on the available weight-in-motion data. This paper derives the MPFs for bridge live loads based on both traffic simulation and probabilistic modeling, utilizing existing weigh-in-motion data. It is found that the MPFs are affected by two major factors: truck loads and probability of multiple presence events. Truck loads can be further defined as the mean and standard deviation of loads on each lane, and the covariance of the load effects across the lanes. The probability of multiple presence events is related to average daily truck traffic, and the distribution of the traffic. The dispersion of truck volume and covariance of load effects across the lanes shows significant impact on the MPFs. Statistics of MPFs are obtained and recommendations to AASHTO LRFD are provided for 2-lane and 3-lane MPFs.

Anti-Cancer Effects of Oxygen-Atom-Modified Derivatives of Wasabi Components on Human Leukemia Cells.

1-Isothiocyanato-6-(methylsulfinyl)-hexanate (6-MITC) is a natural compound found in Wasabia japonica. The synthetic derivatives 1-Isothiocyanato-6-(methylsulfenyl)-hexane (I7447) and 1-Isothiocyanato-6-(methylsulfonyl)-hexane (I7557) were obtained from 6-MITC by deleting and adding an oxygen atom to the sulfone group, respectively. We previously demonstrated that extensive mitotic arrest, spindle multipolarity, and cytoplasmic vacuole accumulation were induced by 6-MITC and inhibited the viability of human chronic myelogenous leukemia K562 cells. In this study, we examined the anti-cancer effects of 6-MITC derivatives on human chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells. Autophagy was identified as the formation of autophagosomes with double-layered membranes using transmission electron microscopy. Cell cycle and differentiation were analyzed using flow cytometry. Apoptosis was detected by annexin V staining. After treatment with I7447 and I7557, the G2/M phase of cell cycle arrest was revealed. Cell death can be induced by a distinct mechanism (the simultaneous occurrence of autophagy and aberrant mitosis). The expression levels of acridine orange were significantly affected by lysosomal inhibitors. The natural wasabi component, 6-MITC, and its synthetic derivatives have similar effects on human chronic myelogenous leukemia cells and may be developed as novel therapeutic agents against leukemia.

Magnesiation roasting kinetics exploration of vanadium slag toward minimization of tailing toxicity

In order to minimize the toxicity of vanadium extraction tailings, the vanadium extraction efficiency should be as high as possible to minimize the residual V(V) content in tailings. In this work, the kinetics of the novel magnesiation roasting of vanadium slag, including the roasting mechanism and kinetic models, is explored to intensify the vanadium extraction. By combination of various characterizations, the microscopic mechanism of magnesiation roasting is revealed, which indicates the simultaneous occurrence of the salt-formation→oxidation routine (major) and the oxidation→salt-formation routine (minor). Macroscopic kinetic model studies show the magnesiation roasting of vanadium slag proceeds in two stages. In the initial 50 min, the roasting follows the Interface Controlled Reaction Model, during which the stable roasting temperature is essential to intensify the magnesiation. In the long-time range (50–90 min), the roasting follows the Ginstling-Brounstein Model, during which the acceleration of air blow rate is most favorable. With intensified roasting kinetics, the vanadium extraction efficiency is as high as 96.65%. This work has provided the guideline to intensify the magnesiation roasting of vanadium slag for vanadium extraction, which can not only minimize the tailing toxicity of vanadium extraction but also accelerate the industrial application of the novel magnesiation roasting technique.

Comparison of the molecular mechanisms of Fuzi Lizhong Pill and Huangqin decoction in the treatment of the cold and heat syndromes of ulcerative colitis based on network pharmacology

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to illuminate the similarities and differences of two prescriptions as “cold” and “heat” drugs for treating ulcerative colitis (UC) with the simultaneous occurrence of heat and cold syndrome via network pharmacology. Methods(1) Active compounds of Fuzi-Lizhong Pill (FLP) and Huangqin Decoction (HQT) were retrieved from the TCMSP database, and their common active compounds were compared using the Venn diagram. (2) Potential proteins targeted to three sets of compounds either (i) shared by FLP and HQT, (ii) unique to FLP or (iii) unique to HQT were screened from the STP, STITCH and TCMSP databases, and three corresponding core compound sets were identified in Herb-Compound-Target (H-C-T) networks. (3) Targets related to UC were identified from the DisGeNET and GeneCards databases and compared with the FLP-HQT common targets to identify potential targets of FLP-HQT compounds related to UC. (4) Three potential target sets were imported into the STRING database for protein‒protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and three core target sets were defined. (5) The binding capabilities and interacting modes between core compounds and key targets were verified by molecular docking via Discovery Studio 2019 and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations via Amber 2018. (6) The target sets were enriched for KEGG pathways using the DAVID database. Results(1) FLP and HQT included 95 and 113 active compounds, respectively, with 46 common compounds, 49 FLP-specific compounds and 67 HQT-specific compounds. (2) 174 targets of FLP-HQT common compounds, 168 targets of FLP-specific compounds, and 369 targets of HQT-specific compounds were predicted from the STP, STITCH and TCMSP databases; six core compounds specific to FLP and HQT were screened in the FLP-specific and HQT-specific H-C-T networks, respectively. (3) 103 targets overlapped from the 174 predicted targets and the 4749 UC-related targets; two core compounds for FLP-HQT were identified from the FLP-HQT H-C-T network. (4) 103 FLP-HQT-UC common targets, 168 of FLP-specific targets and 369 of HQT-specific targets had shared core targets (AKT1, MAPK3, TNF, JUN and CASP3) based on the PPI network analysis. (5) Molecular docking demonstrated that naringenin, formononetin, luteolin, glycitein, quercetin, kaempferol and baicalein of FLP and HQT play a critical role in treating UC; meanwhile, MD simulations revealed the stability of protein‒ligand interactions. (6) The enriched pathways indicated that most targets were related to anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and other pathways. Compared with the pathways identified using traditional methods, FLP-specific pathways included the PPAR signaling pathway and the bile secretion pathway, and HQT-specific pathways included the vascular smooth muscle contraction pathway and the natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway etc. ConclusionIn this study, we clarified the common mechanisms of FLP and HQT in treating UC and their specific mechanisms in treating cold and heat syndrome in UC through compound, target and pathway distinction and a literature comparison based on network pharmacology; these results provide a new perspective on the detailed mechanism of “multidrugs and single-disease” thought in traditional Chinese medicine.

Numerical and experimental methodologies to investigate the damage progression inside the axisymmetric composite cylinders with cutouts under torsion

Torsional performance and damage progression inside the long and hollow axisymmetric composite cylinders with different cutouts sizes are investigated via experimental and numerical methods. Acoustic emission, Digital image correlation, and Infrared thermography are deployed to investigate failure propagation. Four acoustic sensors adhere to different locations, and the frequency-based analysis is performed for the damage classification. The cumulative energy data of each sensor is correlated with the nearby strain gauge data to identify the cause of failure. Among all the classified failure types, the predominant failure is matrix cracking which is caused by shear stresses. The percentage of each failure type varies at different locations of the cylinder, and global failure is caused by the simultaneous occurrence of these failure events. Thermography analysis measures the temperature change due to the failure and provides the imprints of the failure initiated by certain damage activities. The thermograms reveal the damage propagation around the cutout and post-global failure postmortem. A material degradation-based progressive damage analysis is performed through Ansys APDL using Hashin failure criteria. The reliability of the performed study is exhibited by comparing the full-field displacement maps and torque-rotation curves of the experimental and numerical analysis.

Safety of purified Vero cell rabies vaccine manufactured in Pakistan: A comparative analysis of intradermal and intramuscular routes

Background Rabies vaccines are conventionally given via the intramuscular (IM) route; however, switching the route of administration from IM to intradermal (ID) without affecting efficacy can be advantageous in terms of cost, dosing, and time. Hence, it is indispensable to evaluate its safety along different routes. This study was carried out to ascertain the frequency of adverse drug events (ADEs) and associated factors, as well as to compare safety based on the IM and ID routes. Methods A prospective observational study was carried out on 184 individuals with rabies exposure. The vaccination schedules for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) included 0.2 milliliter (ml) of purified Vero cell rabies vaccine (PVRV) administered ID at two different sites with 0.1ml each on days 0, 3, and 7 in first group (3-dose regimen ID) and 0.5 ml administered IM on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 in the second group (5-dose regimen IM). The safety of the vaccines was determined by reviewing ADEs during physical examinations and follow-up. ADEs were characterized by local and systemic effects. Results Of the total, 99 (53.80%) patients reported ADEs. Those who reported local and systemic ADEs were 80 (43.48%) and 59 (32.06%), respectively, while simultaneous occurrence was reported in 40 (40.40%) patients. The most frequent local ADE 76 (41.30%) reported was pain followed by erythema 18 (9.78%). Additionally, fever was in highest proportion 25 (13.59%) for systemic effects, followed by headache 15 (8.15%). The patients reported with ADEs by the IM and ID routes was comparable (p > 0.05). Similarly, both local and systemic effects were also comparable (p > 0.05). Conclusion Half of the study participants reported ADEs. Almost similar proportions of local and systemic effects were observed. Likewise, the ADEs recorded were comparable for both routes. PVRV carries very low safety concerns with either route for administration.

Occurrence of zearalenone and its major metabolites in cereal flour from Korea

The occurrence of zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites (α-zearalenol (α-ZEL), β-zearalenol (β-ZEL), α-zearalanol (α-ZAL), β-zearalanol (β-ZAL), and zearalanone (ZAN)) was investigated in 78 cereal flour from Korea using UHPLC-MS/MS. Among these mycotoxins, ZEN was the most abundant in the analyzed samples at an incidence rate of 41% and concentration range of 0.5–536 µg/kg. The highest contamination and incidence rate of ZEN were found in corn flour samples, while oat flour samples showed the lowest contamination and incidence rate of this mycotoxin. α-ZEL, β-ZEL, and ZAN were detected only in corn flour samples but at lower frequencies of 23%, 17%, and 15%, respectively, while α-ZAL and β-ZAL were not detected in any sample. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the simultaneous occurrence of ZEN and its major metabolites in commercially available cereal flour from Korea. Among the tested samples, only four were contaminated with ZEN at levels exceeding the maximum regulatory level established in Korea. The co-occurrence of ZEN, α-ZEL, β-ZEL, and ZAN was observed in 14% of all samples. Although ZEN metabolites were detected at relatively lower levels than ZEN, the relatively high co-occurrence rate of those mycotoxins is of significant concern from a food safety perspective, since they can synergistically contribute to the overall toxicity and estrogenic effects.