Simultaneous Determination Of Nickel Research Articles

Simultaneous Determination of Nickel and Cobalt in Nanogram with 5-(2’ -Carboxyphenyl) Azo-8-Hydroxyquinoline by First Derivative Spectrophotometry

A novel, extremely sensitive, first derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of nickel and cobalt with 5-(2’-carboxyphenyl) azoxine (R). R forms complex with the elements with overlapping spectra in aqueous medium at pH 5.2-6.1. The sensitization is achieved by use of non-ionic surfactant, Triton X-100. Color of the cobalt complex fades within 45 minutes, but the presence of nickel increases its stability appreciably making it difficult to determine nickel in presence of cobalt. The use of first derivative achieves selectivity to enable simultaneous determination of nickel and cobalt in presence of each other in the range 4.72 ng ml-1 to 235 ng ml-1 for nickel and 23.56 ng ml-1 to 235.6 ng ml-1 for cobalt by enhancing sensitivity of the already sensitized reaction with Triton X-100. The analytical characteristics of the analytical methods for the determination of nickel and cobalt compare favorably to that of ICP-OES. The method has been successfully applied to mixtures of nickel and cobalt in the varying ratios in the range studied, their alloys (in % range), and in house soil samples (in ppm range) with good precision and accuracy.

Simultaneous determination of nickel and iron in vegetables of Solanaceae family using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and direct solid sample analysis

A method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of Ni and Fe in vegetables of the Solanaceae family (bell pepper, tomato, potato, eggplant, physalis, and red pepper) using high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and direct solid sample analysis (HR-CS SS-GF AAS). The vegetables were cultivated using both conventional and “organic” farming. The samples were lyophilized, milled, and the particle size was controlled using a 200μm polyester sieve. The primary absorption line for Ni at 232.003nm and a secondary line for Fe at 232.036nm were used throughout the study. Pyrolysis and atomization temperatures for both analytes were 1400°C and 2500°C, respectively. The molecular spectrum of SiO appeared during atomization, and it was corrected using a least-squares algorithm. The calibration was carried out with aqueous standard solutions. The characteristic masses for Ni and Fe were 95pg and 340pg, respectively. The LODs of Ni and Fe were 0.02μgg−1 and 2μgg−1, and the LOQs were 0.06μgg−1and 6μgg−1, respectively. The accuracy of the method was confirmed by analyzing a certified reference material of tomato leaves (SRM NIST 1573a). The concentrations of Fe were different for conventional and organic farming, whereas only one group of organically grown vegetables had higher Ni concentrations than the conventionally grown.

Development of multivariate calibration method for simultaneous determination of nickel, lead and zinc in tap water

Conventional spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of nickel, lead and zinc in forms of complexes with a reagent is not feasible due to the overlap of their absorption spectra. A multivariate calibration method was used to overcome this problem. In this study, the calibration model was constructed based on absorption spectra of 30 mixture standards in the range from 490 to 600 nm. Factors influencing experimental results such as amount of reagents, pH, and color development time were optimized. The standard calibration ranges for determination of nickel, lead and zinc were found at 0.5-5 ppm. The method was applied for determination of these ions in tap water samples at ppm level, with recoveries (and RSD) of nickel, lead and zinc were 103.3 % (3.0 %), 74.9 % (11.5 %) and 104.6 % (4.6 %), respectively.

Simultaneous determination of nickel, cobalt and mercury ions in water samples by solid phase extraction using multiwalled carbon nanotubes as adsorbent after chelating with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate prior to high performance liquid chromatography

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been widely used for the enrichment of trace important pollutants in environment because of its large specific surface area, high extraction efficiency, and easy operation. In this study, a solid phase extraction method was established to determine nickel (Ni2+), cobalt (Co2+) and mercury (Hg2+) ions using MWNTs as the adsorbent and sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) as the chelating agent. The final analysis was performed on a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The factors that may influence the extraction efficiency were optimized in detail including the type and volume of elution solvent, sample pH, volume of chelating agent solution, and volume of sample solution, etc. The experimental results indicated that good linear relationship between peak area and the concentration of the ions was achieved in the range of 0.1–100μgL−1, 0.1–50μgL−1, and 2.7–300μgL−1 for Ni2+, Co2+, and Hg2+, respectively. The precision was determined by calculating the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) values that were in the range of 6.2–11.7% under the optimal conditions. The detection limits of Ni2+, Co2+, and Hg2+ were in the range of 0.04-0.9μgL−1 (S/N=3). The presented method was applied for the determination of the metal ions mentioned above in real water samples, and satisfied results were achieved. All these indicated that proposed method will be a good alternative tool for monitoring the target ions in environmental samples in the future.

Multicommutated Stepwise Injection Analysis as new approach for simultaneous determination of nickel (II), copper (II) and zinc (II) in wet aerosols

Abstract A novel approach – Multicommutated Stepwise Injection Analysis (MCSWIA) – has been suggested for the simultaneous automation spectrophotometric determination of several components. Commutation to the MCSWIA manifold of two solenoid valves, two bidirectional peristaltic pumps and several mixing chambers provides the possibility to carry out several color-forming reactions. Thus, including the step of mixing of the sample with color-forming reagent solutions by gas bubbles in the mixing chambers allows to achieve the homogeneous solution and the completeness of color-forming reactions. The performance of the suggested approach is demonstrated by the MCSWIA spectrophotometric determination of nickel (II), copper (II) and zinc (II) in wet aerosols. The first stage of analysis assumes the on-site sampling of air aerosols by using of fiberglass columns. The second stage assumes spectrophotometric determination of analytes using MCSWIA. The selective color-forming reagents such as dimethylglyoxime, picramin–epsilon and 8-quinolinazo–epsilon were chosen for the spectrophotometric determination of nickel (II), copper (II) and zinc (II), respectively. The appropriate experimental conditions for air sampling and automated MCSWIA spectrophotometric procedure were investigated. The absorbance of colored complex at the wavelengths of 465 nm, 550 nm and 560 nm for nickel (II), copper (II) and zinc (II), respectively, obeys the Beer's law in the range of 1–40 μg/m 3 of nickel (II) and copper (II) and 10–100 μg/m 3 of zinc (II). The LODs, calculated from a blank test based on 3 , are 0.3 μg/m 3 for nickel (II) and copper (II) and 3 μg/m 3 for zinc (II).

Simultaneous Determination of Nickel and Cobalt Using a Solid Bismuth Vibrating Electrode by Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry

AbstractA simple, fast, sensitive and greener voltammetric procedure for simultaneous analysis of nickel (Ni) and cobalt (Co) by square wave adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry (SW‐AdCSV) using a solid bismuth vibrating electrode is presented for the first time. The procedure enables to determine Ni together with Co, in ammonia buffer 0.1 M (pH 9.2) and in the presence of oxygen, and involves an adsorptive accumulation of metal‐dimethylglyoxime (Ni‐DMG and Co‐DMG) complexes on the electrode surface. For Ni and Co, the detection limits, obtained with 30 s of accumulation time, were 0.6 and 1.0 µg L−1, respectively. The method was free of metals (Cd2+, Cr3+, Cr6+, Cu2+, Fe3+ and Pb2+ up to 50 µg L−1, Al3+ and Mn2+ up to 500 µg L−1; Zn2+ up to 300 µg L−1) interferences up to the concentrations mentioned in brackets. The proposed method was validated for simultaneous determination of Ni and Co in a certified reference surface and river waters with good results.

Highly selective second order derivative spectrophotometry for simultaneous determination of nickel (ii) and cobalt (ii) using 2-ketobutyric acid thiosemicarbazone

A simple and highly selective second order derivative spectrophotometric method is proposed for the simultaneous determination of Ni(II) and Co(II) using 2-ketobutyric acid thiosemicarbazone (KBAT) as a sensitive complexing reagent. KBAT forms green and pink color complexes with nickel and cobalt at pH range of 8-11 and 5-10 respectively. Molar absorptivities of Ni-KBAT (1.55 × 104 L cm-1 mol-1 ) and Co-KBAT (1.03 × 104 L cm-1 mol-1 ) were obtained at 330 nm, under optimum pH of 9.5. Calibration graphs for the individual determination by second order derivative spectrophotometry were obtained. Beer’s law was obeyed at 369.8 nm for Ni(II) and 410 nm for Co (II) in the concentration ranges 0.30-2.34 μg mL-1 Ni and 0.33-2.65 μg mL-1. The zero crossing point at 369.8 nm for nickel and the amplitude measurement at 410 nm for cobalt were employed in the simultaneous determinations. A large number of foreign ions do not interfere in the present method. The present simultaneous method is used for the determination of micro amounts of nickel and cobalt in various steel alloys and biological sample.

Simultaneous Determination of Nickel and Cobalt as Chelates with 1-(2-Pyridylazo)-2-naphthol Using an LC Switching Column Method

A simple liquid chromatographic method was developed for the separation and simultaneous determination of cobalt and nickel as chelates with 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol (PAN). The method, using a switching column technique for the on-line purification and separation, enables to reach the sub-microgram per litre concentration level excluding off-line sample treatment with the exception of the derivatization reaction. Two small-sized columns packed with CN- and C4-bonded stationary phases were selected and used considering their complementary behaviour with respect to chelated Co and Ni ions. The analysis was performed within 10 min using an optimised eluent (water–acetonitrile–methanol–tetrahydrofuran, 40:45:10:5, v/v/v/v) containing Tween 40 (10−3 M) and acetate buffer (5 × 10−3 M, pH 4.8). Detection was performed by UV-vis spectrophotometry (λ = 565 nm) permitting to reach quantification limits of 0.9 and 0.5 μg L−1 for Co and Ni, respectively.

Simultaneous Determination of Nickel(II) and Copper(II) by Second‐Derivative Spectrophotometric Method in Micellar Media

AbstractA second‐derivative spectrophotometric method based on zero‐crossing over technique is developed in simultaneous determination of copper(II) and nickel(II) ions. Methylthymol blue (MTB) as a chromogenic reagent and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a surfactant were used, and measurements were carried out in buffered solution at pH 6 and at a temperature of 25 °C. The amplitude of derivative spectra was measured at wavelengths of 631.9 and 587.7 nm for the simultaneous determination of Ni2+ and Cu2+, respectively. Linearity was obtained in the range of 0.5–5.0 μg mL−1 for both ions in the presence of 0.0–5.0 μg mL−1 of the other ion as an interfering ion. IUPAC detection limits for Cu2+ and Ni2+ ions were obtained at 0.48 and 0.43 μg mL−1, respectively. The proposed procedure has been applied successfully for the simultaneous determination of copper and nickel in synthetic binary mixtures and real samples.

Simultaneous determination of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) by square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry on a rotating-disc bismuth-film electrode

This works reports the use of square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry (SWAdSV) for the simultaneous determination of Ni(II) and Co(II) on a rotating-disc bismuth-film electrode (BFE). The metal ions in the non-deoxygenated sample were complexed with dimethylglyoxime (DMG) and the complexes were accumulated by adsorption on the surface of the BFE. The stripping step was carried out by using a square-wave potential–time voltammetric excitation signal. Electrochemical cleaning of the bismuth film was employed, enabling the same bismuth film to be used for a series of measurements. The experimental variables (choice of the working electrode substrate, the presence of oxygen, the DMG concentration, the buffer concentration, the preconcentration potential, the accumulation time, the rotation speed and the SW parameters) as well as potential interferences were investigated and the figures of merit of the methods were established. Using the selected conditions, the 3σ limits of detection were 70ngl−1 for Co(II) and 100ngl−1 for Ni(II) (for 300s of preconcentration) and the relative standard deviations were 2.3% for Co(II) and 3.9% for Ni(II) at the 2μgl−1 level (n = 8). Finally, the method was applied to the determination of nickel and cobalt in real samples with satisfactory results.

Simultaneous Determination of Nickel, Iron, and Copper in Margarine by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Atomic Emission Spectroscopy after Sample Emulsification

Nickel, iron, and copper were determined in margarine samples by using emulsification followed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. Sample treatment and instrumental conditions were optimized, and the results were compared with those obtained by a pseudodigestion method in order to evaluate the compatibility of both methodologies. The optimum amount of margarine in the emulsion was 35% when the surfactant Tween 80 was added as the emulsifier. Copper was below the detection limits of both methodologies, i.e., digestion and emulsion; iron and nickel concentrations found by both methodologies were similar. The detection limits of the emulsion method were 0.002, 0.015, and 0.092 mg/kg for copper, iron, and nickel, respectively. A benefit of the emulsion method is that laborious and lengthy sample digestion procedures are avoided. In addition, accurate and precise results are obtained. Recoveries with the emulsion method ranged from 101 to 104%, with relative standard deviations of < or = 6%.

Simultaneous Determination of Nickel and Cadmium by Differential Pulse Polarography

Spent nickel-cadmium batteries have become an environmental inconvenience, and many efforts have been undertaken to treat or dispose of them in a safe way. 1,2 Research has been performed for the selective electrodeposition of nickel and cadmium from simulated waste solutions. 3 Work is being carried out in our laboratory with a similar objective. There is an obvious need to analyze both metal concentrations simultaneously and continuously with a fast and precise analytical method in the concentration range of interest. Whereas cadmium is not normally an analytical problem, many different analytical techniques have been proposed for the analysis of Ni, such as spectrophotometry, 4-9 9 atomic absorption, 10,11 flame emission, 12,13 and ion exchange. 14 However, most of these require pieces of somewhat expensive equipment and time-consuming sample preparation procedures. The electrochemical analysis of small amounts of nickel requires relatively inexpensive equipment but presents certain difficulties due to its irreversible reduction behavior. 15,16 In spite of this, it has been successfully accomplished using a variety of techniques such as stripping and voltammetric analysis, 17-22 polarography, 16,23-27 and potentiometry, 28 To the best of our knowledge, the simultaneous analysis of Ni and Cd by differential pulse polarography has not been reported yet. The present work reports on the conditions found suitable to perform such an analysis in the same matrix by slow sweep differential pulse polarography on a controlled-growth mercury electrode (CGME) in the concentration range of 10 -4 to 10 -5 M for both species. In addition to the simplicity of the analytical procedure, the transfer of the analyte to the polarographic cell is straightforward and does not require a special preparation protocol. The precision obtained in the Ni analysis is similar to, or even higher than, that of most of the procedures mentioned earlier, and that of Cd is also found to be very high.

Simultaneous Determination of Nickel and Cobalt in Natural Water and Sediment Samples on an in-situ Plated Mercury Film Electrode by Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry

Simultaneous Determination of Nickel and Cobalt in Natural Water and Sediment Samples on an in-situ Plated Mercury Film Electrode by Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry

Simultaneous Determination of Nickel and Cobalt by Extraction-Voltammetry in Soil and Leafy Samples

A simple, sensitive and reliable analytical method with simultaneous voltammetric determination of nickel and cobalt is described. Simultaneous voltammetric determination of Ni and Co, based on adsorptive accumulation of Ni (II) and Co (Il)-xanthate (potassium propyl xanthate, PPX) after extraction into methyl isobutyl ketone on hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) in a single solution at a potential of −0.75 V in the 0.2 M HCl-CH3COONa solution of pH 3.0 is reported. The reduction peaks of Ni (II)-PPX and Co (II)-PPX complexes were observed at a potential of −0.99 V and −1.125 V, respectively, by scanning the potential in the negative direction in the differential pulse mode. Extraction parameters such as pH, PPX concentration and instrumental parameters such as adsorption time, adsorption potential, scan rate etc. are optimized, and the optimized conditions are used for the determination of Ni and Co in soils and leafy vegetables. Interferences of other metal ions are studied. The lower detection limits are found to 0.35 μg/1 and 0.30 μg/1 for nickel and cobalt, respectively. The precision and accuracy is demonstrated by the analysis of certified reference materials (CRM's).

Simultaneous Determination of Nickel, Cobalt, Cadmium, Lead and Copper by Adsorptive Voltammetry Using 1-Phenylpropane-1-Pentylsulfonylhydrazone-2-Oxime as a Chelating Agent

E. N. Iliadou, S. T. Girousi, U. Dietze, M. Otto, A. N. Voulgaropoulos and C. G. Papadopoulos, Analyst, 1997, 122, 597 DOI: 10.1039/A608021I

Application of Derivative Spectrophotometry to Simultaneous Determination of Nickel and Mercury with Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid (DTPA)

ABSTRACT The application of derivative spectrophotometry to the simultaneous determination of nickel(II) and mercury(II) with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) is described. The procedure doesn't require equations to be solved, and it is suitable for concentrations of 0.40–1.80 mg ml−1 of nickel and 0.20–0.70 mg ml−1 of mercury. The main interferences, both anionic and cationic, are easily eliminated. The method was applied to different aqueous matrices and it was compared with an atomic absorption (AA) method. Good results were obtained.

Determination of nickel and cobalt in wastewaters and seawater by constant current stripping potentiometry with nitrite enhancement of the stripping signal

AbstractA rapid and highly sensitive method using constant current stripping potentiometry for the determination of nickel and cobalt in seawaters and industrial wastewaters has been established. The method is based on the adsorptive accumulation of nickel and cobalt in the presence of either dimethylglyoxime (DMG) or α‐benzyldioxime (α‐BD) prior to stripping using a constant reducing current. Nitrite is used in the stripping step for the catalytic enhancement of the stripping signal. Analytical protocols for standard solutions using DMG or α‐BD show good precision (RSD's between 3 and 4% on the same film) and detection limits (30 ng/L for Ni/DMG; 10‐ng/L for Co/DMG; 9ng/L for Co/α‐BD). However, iron interferes significantly with the determination of cobalt using α‐BD. With DMG, the simultaneous determination of nickel and cobalt is possible and has been developed into a protocol readily applicable to the routine determination of these metals. The analytical protocol is rapid, easy to perform and the results are in agreement with those obtained by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The DMG procedure has also been optimized for the determination of cobalt alone, which has advantages for determinations at concentrations of 1 μg/L or less.

Simultaneous Determination of Nickel(II) and Cobalt(II) by Second‐Derivative Spectrophotometry

Abstract4‐(2‐Pyridylazo) resorcinol, PAR, is shown to be useful for simultaneous determination of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) using second‐derivative spectrophotometric method with controlled experimental parameters. This method allows the determination of 0.20‐1.25 ppm of nickel(II) and 0.25‐1.50 ppm of cobalt(II) in mixtures with good precision and accuracy. This method has advantages of simplicity, speed and requires no prior separations.

Simultaneous First-Derivative Spectrophotometric Determination of Nickel and Manganese Complexes with 2-(2-Pyridylmethyleneamino)phenol

Abstract A method is proposed for the simultaneous determination of nickel and manganese by first-derivative spectrophotometry based on their reactions with 2-(2-pyridylmethyleneamino)phenol (PMAP) Schiff base. The method allows the determination of Ni and Mn in the concentration range 0.3–3.0 μg ml−1 in mixtures with their ten-fold concentration ratio. The method has been applied for Ni and Mn determination in bronzes. To optimize the experimental conditions for spectrophotometric determination of Mn with PMAP stability constants at different pH values have been determined. A critical evaluation of the proposed method was performed by statistical analysis of the experimental data.

Simultaneous determination of nickel(II) and cobalt(II) by square-wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry on a rotating disc mercury film electrode

Adsorptive stripping voltammetry was used for the simultaneous determination of NiII and CoII; the metal ions were complexed with dimethylglyoxime and the complexes were adsorbed on the surface of a glassy carbon rotating disc electrode, which was pre-plated with mercury. The stripping step was carried out by using a square-wave potential–time excitation signal. An electrochemical cleaning of the mercury film was employed, enabling the same mercury film to be used for a series of measurements. The limits of detection were 12 ng l–1 for CoII and 14 ng l–1 for NiII(for 120 s preconcentration), the relative standard deviation was typically about 2–3%(at the 1.2 µg l–1 level) and linearity held for a concentration range of at least two orders of magnitude.