Simultaneous Determination Of Ciprofloxacin Research Articles

Simple, fast and reliable CE method for simultaneous determination of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in human urine

A simple, fast, and accurate capillary zone electrophoresis method has been developed for the determination of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. This method uses liquid–liquid extraction. Therefore, it is characterized by a very simple procedure of sample preparation but at the same time satisfactory precision and accuracy. The extraction process of the same urine sample was repeated three times. The extraction protocol was performed each time for 15 min with 1 mL of dichloromethane and chloroform mixture in a 3:1 volume ratio. A 0.1 mol/L phosphate-borate buffer (pH 8.40) was selected as the background electrolyte. UV detection was performed at 288 nm. The separation was carried out at a voltage of 16 kV, at a temperature of 25 °C. Experimentally evaluated LOQ values for ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were 0.2 nmol/mL urine and 0.05 nmol/mL urine, respectively. For both analytes the calibration curves exhibited linearity over the entire tested concentration range of 1–6 nmol/mL urine. The precision of the method did not exceed 15%, and the recovery was in the range of 85–115%. The developed and validated procedure was applied to analyze human urine for the content of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin.

Simultaneous Determination of Ciprofloxacin and Ofloxacin in Animal Tissues with the Use of Capillary Electrophoresis with Transient Pseudo-Isotachophoresis.

We have developed a precise and accurate method for the determination of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin in meat tissues. Our method utilizes capillary electrophoresis with a transient pseudo-isotachophoresis mechanism and liquid–liquid extraction during sample preparation. For our experiment, a meat tissue sample was homogenized in pH 7.00 phosphate buffer at a ratio of 1:10 (tissue mass: buffer volume; g/mL). The extraction of each sample was carried out twice for 15 min with 600 µL of a mixture of dichloromethane and acetonitrile at a 2:1 volume ratio. We then conducted the electrophoretic separation at a voltage of 16 kV and a temperature of 25 °C using a background electrolyte of 0.1 mol/L phosphate–borate (pH 8.40). We used the UV detection at 288 nm. The experimentally determined LOQs for ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin were 0.27 ppm (0.8 nmol/g tissue) and 0.11 ppm (0.3 nmol/g tissue), respectively. The calibration curves exhibited linearity over the tested concentration range of 2 to 10 nmol/g tissue for both analytes. The relative standard deviation of the determination did not exceed 15%, and the recovery was in the range of 85–115%. We used the method to analyze various meat tissues for their ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin contents.

A reliable chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin in human serum

Purpose: To develop and validate a simple chromatographic method for the analysis of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin in human serum.Methods: After protein precipitation had been performed, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection was utilized for the analysis of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin in human serum. Analytical column Zorbax SB-C18 (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., particle size 3.5 μm) was used as a stationary phase. Chromatographic separation was realized with the mobile phase 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid in water for chromatography - methanol (66:34, v/v), at the flow rate of 1 mL/min, temperature of 35 oC and detection at 280 nm. The method validation was performed according to the guidelines of the European Medicines Agency (EMA).Results: The chromatographic run time was about 12 minutes and no interference was observed. For ciprofloxacin, the method was linear over a concentration range of 0.5-50 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9874. For moxifloxacin, the method was linear over a concentration range of 0.5-50 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9946. Since relative standard deviation (RSD) and relative recovery values were within acceptable limits according to EMA guidelines, good intra-day precision, inter-day precision, as well as the accuracy of the method, were observed.Conclusion: A simple and reliable HPLC-UV method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin in human serum. The method can be applied for therapeutic drug monitoring but also and pharmacokinetic studies of ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin.
 Keywords: Human serum, Ciprofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Protein precipitation, HPLC, UV detection, Method validation

New Analytical Method Development and Validation of Ciprofloxacin and Ornidazole in Human Plasma by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography

Objective: The objective of the method was to develop a simple, rapid, sensitive, selective and economic high performance thin layer chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of ciprofloxacin and ornidazole in human plasma by using tinidazole as an internal standard. Method: The plasma sample was extracted using methanol: formic acid (5.5:0.5 v/v) and known amount of extract was spotted on precoated silica gel 60 F 254 plates using Camag Linomat V auto sampler. A concentration range from 100–700 ng/spot for both drugs was used for calibration curve. The percent recoveries of Ciprofloxacin and ornidazole were found to be 81.02 to 86.26 and 79.73 to 82.16 respectively. The mobile phase used consists of chloroform: methanol: triethylamine (9.0: 0.8: 0.4 v/v/v). Densitometric analysis was carried at wavelength 291 nm. Result: The R f values for ciprofloxacin, ornidazole and tinidazole were found to be 0.18 ± 0.057, 0.49 ± 0.0.0057 and 0.75 ± 0.0054 respectively. The stability of ciprofloxacin and ornidazole in plasma were confirmed during three freeze-thaw cycles (-20oC), on bench during 12 h and post preparative stability study. The proposed method was validated statistically by performing recovery study for determination of ciprofloxacin and ornidazole in human plasma. Conclusion: The proposed method was found to be a simple, rapid, sensitive, selective and economic high performance thin layer chromatographic method for simultaneous determination of ciprofloxacin and ornidazole in human plasma In future this method can be used for clinical and pharmacokinetic studies. Key words: Ciprofloxacin, Ornidazole, HPTLC, Human plasma, Liquidliquid extraction.

Simultaneous Determination of Ciprofloxacin and Tinidazole in Tablet Dosage Form by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Purpose: To develop a simple, sensitive and specific liquid chromatographic method with PDA detection for the simultaneous estimation of ciprofloxacin and tinidazole in tablet dosage form.Methods: Separation was achieved with an Agilent XDB C18, 250 × 4.60 mm 5 μ column, low pressure gradient mode with a ambient temperature and mobile phase comprising acetonitrile water containing 0.1 % orthophosphoric (20:80). The flow rate was 1 ml/min and eluent was monitored spectrophotometrically at 316 nm.Results: The selected chromatographic conditions effectively separated ciprofloxacin and tinidazole with retention time of 3.036 and 4.224 min, respectively. Linearity for ciprofloxacin and tinidazole was in the range 50 - 100 and 60 - 120 μg/ml, respectively. Regression coefficient was 0.999 for both ciprofloxain and tinidazole while recovery waas 100.19 - 100.92 and 99.36 - 100.48 % for ciprofloxacinand tinidazole, respectively. Relative standard deviation (RSD) of intra- and inter-day precision was < 2% for both drugs.Conclusion: The developed method is precise, accurate, reproducible and specific and it can also be used for routine simultaneous quality-control analysis of ciprofloxacin and tinidazole in combination tablets.Keywords: High performance liquid chromatography, Ciprofloxacin, Tinidazole, Simultaneous determination.

Electrocatalytic oxidation and voltammetric determination of ciprofloxacin employing poly(alizarin red)/graphene composite film in the presence of ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine

A glassy carbon electrode modified with poly(alizarin red)/electrodeposited graphene (PAR/EGR) composite film was prepared and applied to detect ciprofloxacin (CPFX) in the presence of ascorbic, uric acid and dopamine. The morphology and interface property of PAR/EGR films were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrocatalytic oxidation of CPFX on AR/EGR was investigated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The linearity ranged from 4×10−8 to 1.2×10−4M with a detection limit (S/N=3) of 0.01μM. The modified electrode could be applied to the individual determination of CPFX as well as the simultaneous determination of CPFX, ascorbic acid, uric acid and dopamine. This method proved to be a simple, selective and rapid way to determine CPFX in pharmaceutical preparation and biological media.

Simultaneous determination of ciprofloxacin and flumequine in water samples by high performance liquid chromatography

In order to meet the field sample measurements and laboratory research, a simple, stable, and popular high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was established for the determination of the concentrations of two fluoroquinolone antibiotics in water samples simultaneously and rapidly. Thus, it could provide valuable information for other scholars to study the interactions between different antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin (CIP) and flumequine (FLU) were taken as the target contaminants because of their wide application in medical career. Furthermore, this study also investigated the different types of mobile phase, different mobile phase ratios, common ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe3+, Al3+, SO4(2-) and HCO3(-)) in water samples and other factors on CIP and FLU measurements with this method. The results showed that triethylamine has obvious effect on improving column efficiency. Low concentrations of ions had little effect on the test, but Fe3+ and Al3+ might cause baseline instability, because Fe3+ and Al3+ may form complexes with the surface hydroxyl groups of the stationary phase or the test components. The results may be referred by other workers for the optimization of the determination conditions.

Pharmaceutical Analysis for Environmental Samples: Individual and Simultaneous Determination of Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin and Norfloxacin Using an HPLC with Fluorescence and UV Detection with a Wetland Soil Matrix

Two HPLC methods were developed for individual and simultaneous determination of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin for use in laboratory experiments producing large numbers of samples (100 s to 1000 s). Individual compound detection produced retention times between 1.5 and 2 min and simultaneous detection between 6.5 to 8 min. The methods are compatible with complex geomatrices, e.g. a wetland soil. These methods provide 1) detection limits in the low parts per-billion range; 2) decrease in retention times of 5–10 times for single compounds, and up to 2 times for simultaneous detection over published methods; and 3) require no solid phase extraction.

Simultaneous determination of Ciprofloxacin and the active metabolite of Prulifloxacin in aqueous human humor by high-performance liquid chromatography

A rapid and simple method for determining two fluoroquinolones (FQNs), namely Ciprofloxacin and Ulifloxacin, this being the last active metabolite of Prulifloxacin, in aqueous human humor (AHH) has been developed and validated. The calibration data resulted linearly correlated in the 4–500 ng/mL concentration range with 8 ng/mL lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for Ciprofloxacin, and 5–600 ng/mL concentration range with 6 ng/mL LOD for Ulifloxacin. The proposed analytic procedure has been validated by testing quality control sample (QCS) of AHH probed with the two FQNs at 10, 50, 500, and 1000 ng/mL concentration values. Validation of the method has been checked by accuracy and precision data of intra-day and long-term experiments. The two FQN concentrations have been measured by HPLC technique with UV detection at 278-nm wavelength for the AHH of patients to whom were supplied oral doses of FQNs (500 mg) twice in a day, within 1–24 h before the surgery intervention of cataract. The average concentration of Ciprofloxacin resulted 186 ng/mL and that of Ulifloxacin 78 ng/mL. The nice quality of the proposed analytic procedure means that it may be suitable for in vivo studies of pharmacokinetics regarding these substances in the AHH medium.

Simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of ciprofloxacin, fenbufen and felbinac in rat plasma

Ciprofloxacin (CPFX) is a new quinolone agent with potent, broad antibacterial activity. It is well absorbed and widely distributed into various body tissues and fluids when given orally [1,2]. Recently, it was reported that severe convulsion was induced in some patients who were given new quinolone antibacterial agents and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including fenbufen (FNB) [3,4], which was later reported to potentiate the convulsant activity of various quinolones in mice [5]. FNB is readily biotransformed into 4-biphenylacetic acid (felbinac, FLB), which possesses anti-inflammatory activity [6-81. Therefore, in order to investigate possible pharmacokinetic interaction between these drugs, it is necessary to develop a simple, sensitive, selective and simultaneous assay method for the quinolone, FNB and FLB in biological fluids. We have already developed high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods for simultaneous determination of quinolone involving ofloxatin, enoxacin or norfloxacin with FNB and FLB [9-l 11, and examined the effects of FNB and FLB on the pharmacokinetics of these three quinolones [12-141. However, no investigation has been carried out on the pharmacokinetic interaction of the newer quinolone, CPFX, with FNB and FLB. This paper describes a novel analytical method for the simultaneous determination of CPFX, FNB and FLB in rat plasma.