Simultaneous Determination Of Atrazine Research Articles

Single Drop Microextraction Analytical Technique for Simultaneous Separation and Trace Enrichment of Atrazine and its Major Degradation Products from Environmental Waters Followed by Liquid Chromatographic Determination

In this work, a method of single drop microextraction (SDME) combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD) was studied for trace level enrichment as well as simultaneous determination of atrazine (ATZ) and its major degradation products such as desethylatrazine (DEA) and desisopropylatrazine (DIA) in environmental waters. The main factors influencing the extraction procedure including types and volume of extraction solvent, sample stirring rate, sample solution pH, extraction temperature, extraction time, and salting out effect were optimized. The method detection limits were as low as 0.01 for ATZ and 0.05 for both DIA and DEA, with coefficients of determination better than 0.998 within a linear range of 0.5-150 μg L-1. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed method was applied for the analysis of real water samples and good spiked recoveries in the range of 65.6%-96.3% with relative standard deviation of less than 5% were obtained. The results confirmed that the proposed procedure provides reliable precision, linearity and sensitivity and is very effective for analyzing the target compounds in environmental waters. Therefore, the developed SDME method coupled with HPLC-DAD was found to be simple, inexpensive, and environmentally benign sample pretreatment technique.

Simultaneous determination of atrazine and metabolites (DIA and DEA) in natural water by multivariate electronic spectroscopy

A simple and rapid analytical method involving solid-phase extraction (SPE) and multivariate electronic spectroscopy for the determination of atrazine (ATZ) and its main metabolites desethylatrazine (DEA) and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) in aqueous solution was proposed. The predictive capability of the multivariate method developed by partial least squares regression was satisfactory, allowing mean errors between 0.33 and 10% in the simultaneous determination of ATZ, DIA and DEA in aqueous solution. The SPE procedure was optimized by factorial design, using ATZ as a model substrate. Under optimized experimental conditions, the recoveries of ATZ from aqueous standard solutions ranged from 83 to 116%. The developed method was applied in the analysis of spiked natural waters (river and spring) with recoveries in the range of 73–115% for ATZ in spring water. In the analysis of these complex samples, an important matrix effect was observed probably because of significant effects in both the extraction and quantification processes. Although the multivariate spectroscopy in the analysis of natural waters was largely dependent on the application of preliminary cleanup techniques guided to the removal of organic matter, the SPE–UV–PLS method was simple, fast and operated with low running costs.

SIMULTANEOUS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF ATRAZINE AND DICAMBA IN WATER BY PARTIAL LEAST SQUARES REGRESSION

It is presented the development of a new and easy analytical method for the simultaneous determination of atrazine and dicamba in water. Under the experimental conditions proposed, atrazine showed a linear dynamic range of 0.3 to 4.9 µg mL-1, a limit of detection of 0.1 µg mL-1 and a limit of quantification of 0.3 µg mL-1; similarly, dicamba showed a linear dynamic range of 0.8 to 8.8 µg mL-1, a limit of detection of 0.2 µg mL-1 and a limit of quantification of 0.8 µ mL-1. Partial Least Squares Regression (Type 1) was applied for the resolution of spectral interferences between analytes, obtaining recovery percentages higher than 95 % for both compounds in synthetic mixtures. Finally, quantitative determination of both herbicides in tap, well and sea water samples, was carried out successfully by the proposed method, previous preconcentration of the analytes by solid phase extraction

Determination of atrazine and carbaryl pesticide residues in vegetable samples using a multianalyte dipstick immunoassay format

A dipstick assay for the simultaneous determination of atrazine and carbaryl in vegetable samples was developed. The analytical method involved a fast extraction procedure followed by a multi-strip membrane test. The assay took 10 min, with a detection limit (naked eye) of 10 and 200 µg l−1 for atrazine and carbaryl, respectively. The cross-reactivities to related compounds tested were negligible except for propazine. Quantification of the pesticides was carried out by measuring the dot colour with a spectrophotometer. IC50 values (inhibition constant at 50% of the maximum binding) of 2.04 µg l−1 for atrazine and 92.8 µg l−1 for carbaryl were achieved by this approach. Vegetable samples were extracted with MeOH. The proposed methodology was used to analyse atrazine and carbaryl and check for compliance with European Union maximum residue levels for vegetables. Recoveries (75–105%) were in agreement with those obtained by GC/MS or HPLC. Standard curves using 25% methanol/75% TBS were used for food sample assays using a multi-analyte dipstick. IC50 values were 9.2 µg l−1 for atrazine and 179.2 µg l−1 for cabaryl.

Comparative study of the zero-crossing, ratio spectra derivative and partial least-squares methods applied to the simultaneous determination of atrazine and its degradation product desethylatrazin-2-hydroxy in ground waters

The application of the ratio spectra derivative and partial least-squares methods to the simultaneous determination of atrazine and its degradation product desethylatrazin-2-hydroxy is presented. When the different methods are applied to the determination of these products in ground waters, PLS method gives the best results due to the presence of interfering substances with overlapping spectra.

Simultaneous Determination of Atrazine and Chlorpyrifos in Pesticide Formulations, in Soils and Waters by Derivative Spectrophotometry and Ratio Spectra Derivative

Abstract A new method is described to analyse a binary mixture of atrazine and chlorpyrifos, using first-derivative spectrophotometry for atrazine and first derivative of the ratio spectra for chlorpyrifos. The procedure does not require any separation step. Calibration graphs were linear up to 15 μg.mL−1 of atrazine and to 10 μg.mL−1 of chlorpyrifos. The method has been applied to determine both compounds in pesticide formulations, in soils and waters.