Simultaneous Determination Of Amitriptyline Research Articles

Simultaneous determination of amitriptyline and venlafaxine using a novel voltammetric sensor of carbon paste electrode modified with octahedral Pd2+-doped Co3O4 composite

We modified the surface of carbon paste electrode (CPE) with octahedral palladium (Pd2+)-doped cobaltite (Co3O4) composite (Oh-Pd2+:Co3O4–C/CPE) as a novel voltammetric sensor to simultaneously detect amitriptyline and venlafaxine. The techniques of differential pulse voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry were employed to determine the electrochemical responses of these analytes. The findings highlighted the ability of as-fabricated sensor to facilitate the amitriptyline and venlafaxine oxidation. Peak currents for both analytes differed linearly with their concentrations (between 1.0 × 10−8 M to 9.0 × 10−4 M) for the analytical performance of the sensor. The limit of detection calculated by differential pulse voltammetry was 2.31 nM for amitriptyline and 3.56 nM for venlafaxine. We found several advantages for the modified electrode, including a simple preparation method, impressive sensitivity, admirable repeatability, and narrow detection limitations. The proposed sensor was able to detect amitriptyline and venlafaxine in real drug, serum and urine specimens.

Simultaneous determination of amitriptyline, nortriptyline, and clomipramine in aqueous samples using selective multi-template molecularly imprinted polymers

Molecularly imprinted polymers have gained attention as an efficient sorbent media to remove organic contaminants from diverse environmental matrices. In this research endeavor, multi-template molecularly imprinted polymer (mt-MIP) was synthesized and utilized in solid phase extraction (SPE) as a sorption medium for trace analysis of three tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) (i.e. nortriptyline (NOR), amitriptyline (AMI), and clomipramine (CLO)) by high performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA). Physicochemical properties of the synthesized sorbent were assessed by relevant spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to decipher their structural characteristics. mt-MIP with porous texture, cracks, and crevices on the external surface exhibit higher efficacy in extracting the target TCAs due to the enhanced tendency towards sorbate-sorbent interactions. The sorptive extraction of the mt-MIP was explored in standard and real samples (ground water, river water, hospital wastewater, and sewage water sample). mt-MIP integrated SPE technique coupled with HPLC-PDA exhibited linearity (R2 > 0.999) in the concentration ranging from 0.1 to 10 ng/mL with high precision (RSD% < 5) and accuracy (±3%). The developed method lower the detection limits for target TCAs to 0.016–0.029 ng/mL and provided good extraction efficiencies of 97.99 to 99.89%. The proposed mt-MIP-SPE-HPLC method offered high selectivity and sensitivity towards NOR, AMI, and CLO compared with the commercial C18-based SPE method. The spent mt-MIP was successfully regenerable (e.g., up to 8 cycles). The outcomes of the present work successfully revealed the apparent superiority of the mt-MIP towards the practical removal of target TCAs under real world conditions.

Simultaneous determination of amitriptyline, nortriptyline and four hydroxylated metabolites in serum by capillary gas-liquid chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus-selective detection.

A method for the simultaneous quantification of the antidepressant drug amitriptyline, its demethylated metabolite nortriptyline and four hydroxy metabolites (E-10-hydroxyamitriptyline, Z-10-hydroxyamitriptyline, E-10-hydroxynortriptyline, Z-10-hydroxynortriptyline) in human serum or plasma has been developed. The method is based on a three-step liquid-liquid extraction followed by gas-liquid chromatography (split-splitless injection, HP-5, 25 m x 0.2 mm I.D., 0.33 microns capillary) with nitrogen-phosphorus-selective detection (GLC-NPD). The limits of detection are 1.5 ng/ml for amitriptyline, nortriptyline, E-10-hydroxyamitriptyline and Z-10-hydroxyamitriptyline and 3 ng/ml for E-10-hydroxynortiptyline and Z-10-hydroxynortriptyline. The within-day and between-day precision is between 6 and 15% at three concentrations (low, moderate and high) for amitriptyline, nortriptyline and E-10-hydroxy metabolites. At low concentrations of 10 ng/ml, the precision of the assay of the Z-10-hydroxy metabolites has been found to be up to 19%. Accuracy is between 91 and 115% for all analytes. The performance of the assay of the hydroxy metabolites is mainly determined by the cleanness and the deactivation of the quartz insert of the injector port. Therefore, every day a freshly cleaned and deactivated insert was used.

Simultaneous determination of amitriptyline, imipramine and perphenazine in pharmaceutical preparations and blood serum by multi-wavelength spectrophotometry

Several methods were developed for the simultaneous determination of the binary mixtures amitriptyline—imipramine (1.00–10 μg ml −1), amitriptyline—perphenazine (1.00–30.00 and 1.00–8.00 μg ml −1) and imipramine—perphenazine (1.00–30.00 and 1.00–8.00 μg ml −1) and the ternary mixture amitriptyline—perphenazine—imipramine using a diode-array spectrophotometer and a multi-component analysis program. The methods were applied to the determination of the components of synthetic perphenazine—imipramine mixtures, real amitriptyline—imipramine and amitriptyline—imipramine—perphenazine mixtures in blood serum and real amitriptyline—perphenazine mixtures in pharmaceutical preparations.

Simultaneous determination of amitriptyline, nortriptyline and their respective isomeric 10-hydroxy metabolites in plasma by liquid chromatography

An ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method for the determination of the tricyclic antidepressant amitriptyline, its demethylated metabolite nortriptyline, and their respective cis- and trans-hydroxylated metabolites in plasma is presented. After extraction from 1 ml of plasma, the reconstituted residue was chromatographed on a trimethylsilyl packed column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile and acetate buffer with sodium heptane-sulfonate and triethylamine. Recovery of the drugs and its metabolites from plasma ranged from 56 to 99%. The method is suitable for determining plasma concentrations as low as 5 ng/ml (C.V. < 9%) for all six compounds. Plasma concentrations of amitriptyline and its metabolites from eleven different patients are presented.

The simultaneous determination of amitriptyline and nortriptyline in postmortem blood and urine using gas-liquid chromatography

The simultaneous determination of amitriptyline and nortriptyline in postmortem blood and urine using gas-liquid chromatography