Simultaneous Analysis Research Articles

Selective fluorescence turn-on detection of combination cisplatin-etoposide chemotherapy based on N-CDs/GSH-CuNCs nanoprobe.

Cisplatin (CIS) and etoposide (ETP) combination therapy is highly effective for treating various cancers. However, the potential for pharmacokinetic interactions between these drugs necessitates selective sensing methods to quantitate both CIS and ETP levels in patient's plasma. This work develops a dual fluorescence probe strategy using glutathione-capped copper nanoclusters (GSH-CuNCs) and nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) for the simultaneous analysis of CIS and ETP. The fluorescence signal of GSH-CuNCs at 615 nm increased linearly with CIS concentration while the N-CD emission at 480 nm remained unaffected. Conversely, the N-CD fluorescence was selectively enhanced by ETP with no interference with the CuNC fluorescence. Extensive materials characterization including UV-vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, XRD, and TEM confirmed the synthesis of the nanoprobes. The sensor showed high sensitivity with limits of detection of 6.95 ng mL-1 for CIS and 7.63 ng mL-1 for ETP along with excellent selectivity against potential interferences in rabbit plasma. Method feasibility was demonstrated with application to real rabbit plasma samples. The method was further applied to estimate the pharmacokinetic parameters of CIS before and after ETP coadministration. The dual nanoprobe sensing strategy enables rapid and selective quantitation of CIS and ETP levels to facilitate therapeutic drug monitoring and optimization of combination chemotherapy regimens.

An isocratic RP-HPLC-UV method for simultaneous quantification of tizanidine and lidocaine: application to in vitro release studies of a subcutaneous implant.

Implantable devices have been widely investigated to improve the treatment of multiple diseases. Even with low drug loadings, these devices can achieve effective delivery and increase patient compliance by minimizing potential side effects, consequently enhancing the quality of life of the patients. Moreover, multi-drug products are emerging in the pharmaceutical field, capable of treating more than one ailment concurrently. Therefore, a simple analytical method is essential for detecting and quantifying different analytes used in formulation development and evaluation. Here, we present, for the first time, an isocratic method for tizanidine hydrochloride (TZ) and lidocaine (LD) loaded into a subcutaneous implant, utilizing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with a UV detector. These implants have the potential to treat muscular spasticity while providing pain relief for several days after implantation. Chromatographic separation of the two drugs was accomplished using a C18 column, with a mobile phase consisting of 0.1% TFA in water and MeOH in a 58 : 42 ratio, flowing at 0.7 ml min-1. The method exhibited specificity and robustness, providing accurate and precise results. It displayed linearity within the range of 0.79 to 100 μg ml-1, with an R2 value of 1 for the simultaneous analysis of TZ and LD. The developed method demonstrated selectivity, offering limits of detection and quantification of 0.16 and 0.49 μg ml-1 for TZ, and 0.30 and 0.93 μg ml-1 for LD, respectively. Furthermore, the solution containing both TZ and LD proved stable under various storage conditions. While this study applied the method to assess an implant device, it has broader applicability for analysing and quantifying the in vitro drug release of TZ and LD from diverse dosage forms in preclinical settings.

Development of a facile electrochemical sensor based on GCE modified with one-step prepared PNMA-CeO2-fMWCNTs composite for simultaneous detection of UA and 5-FU.

In this study, a poly(N-methyl aniline)-cerium oxide-functionalized MWCNTs (PNMA-CeO2-fMWCNTs) composite was synthesized in a one-step preparation technique. As a highly efficient modifier, the composite was used to modify the glassy carbon electrode surface for simultaneous detection of uric acid (UA) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Morphological characterization of the GCE/PNMA-CeO2-fMWCNTs was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Structural characterization of the composite was performed using X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. Electron transfer properties of the prepared electrodes were carried out with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The linear working range for UA and 5-FU was found to be 0.25-50 μM and 0.5-750 μM, respectively. The limit of detection values for UA and 5-FU were 0.04 μM and 0.19 μM, respectively. The effects of various interfering substances on the electrochemical response of UA and 5-FU were investigated. The GCE/PNMA-CeO2-fMWCNTs sensor has excellent stability, reproducibility, anti-interference ability, and reproducibility. To demonstrate the practical application of the sensing platform, fetal bovine serum was selected and tested in the spiked samples, and satisfactory results were obtained. The prepared composite proved to be a promising platform for simple, rapid, and simultaneous analysis of UA and 5-FU.

Quantitative in situ synchrotron X-ray analysis of the ALD/MLD growth of transition metal dichalcogenide TiS2 ultrathin films.

We present the results of a full quantitative analysis of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) performed in situ during the growth of ultrathin titanium disulfide (TiS2) films via an innovative two-step process, i.e. atomic layer deposition/molecular layer deposition (ALD/MLD) followed by annealing. This growth strategy aims at separating the growth process from the crystallization process by first creating an amorphous Ti-thiolate that is converted later to crystalline TiS2via thermal annealing. The simultaneous analysis of Ti and S K-edge XAS spectra, exploiting the insights from density functional theory calculations, allows us to shed light on the chemical and structural mechanisms underlying the main steps of growth. The nature of the bonding at the base of the interface creation with the SiO2 substrate is disclosed in this study. Evidence of a progressive incorporation of S in the amorphous Ti-thiolate is given. Finally, it is shown that the annealing step plays a critical role since the transformation of the Ti-thiolate into nanocrystalline TiS2 and the loss of S are simultaneously induced, validating the two-step synthesis approach, which entails distinct growth and crystallization steps. These observations contribute to a deeper understanding of the bonding mechanism at the interface and provide insights for future research in this field and the generation of ultra-thin layered materials.

Microfluidics-aided fabrication of 3D micro-nano hierarchical SERS substrate for rapid detection of dual hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers.

The simultaneous analysis of trace amounts of dual biomarkers is crucial in the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this study, we prepared SERS-active hydrogel microparticles (SAHMs) with 3D hierarchical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) micro-nanostructures by microdroplet technology and in situ synthesis, which demonstrated high reproducibility and sensitivity. Compared with traditional 2D SERS substrates, this newly prepared 3D SERS substrate provided a high density of nano-wrinkled structures and numerous AuNPs. Furthermore, a newly designed SERS-active substrate was proposed for the simultaneous microfluidic detection of AFP and AFU. The Raman signals of sandwich immunocomplexes on the surface of the SAHMs were measured for the trace analysis of these biomarkers. The proposed microfluidic platform achieved AFP and AFU detection in the range of 0.1-100 ng mL-1 and 0.01-100 ng mL-1, respectively, which represents a good response. Indeed, this platform is easy to fabricate, of low cost and has short detection time and comparable detection limits to other methods. As far as we know, this is the first study to achieve the simultaneous detection of AFP and AFU on a microfluidic platform. Therefore, we proposed a new simultaneous detection platform for dual HCC biomarkers that shows strong potential for the early diagnosis of HCC.

Simultaneous analysis of gadolinium and surface imaging using a fiber-coupled acoustic wave-assisted microchip LIBS system

Laser-plasma optical and acoustical emissions were simultaneously recorded by an acoustic wave-assisted microchip LIBS (AW-mLIBS) system to obtain gadolinium concentration and surface imaging of surrogate debris samples.

Simultaneous Isolation and Amplification of mRNA and Genomic DNA of a Single Cell.

Many biological or pathological processes are driven by cells difficult to identify or isolate, i.e., rare cells. Very often, these cells have elusive biology. Therefore, their detailed characterization is of utmost importance. There are many approaches that allow analysis of few or even many targets within one class of biomacromolecules/analytes (e.g., DNA, RNA, proteins, etc.) in single cells. However, due to rarity of the cells of interest, there is a great need to comprehensively analyze multiple analytes within these cells, in other words to perform multi-omics analysis. In this chapter, I describe a method to isolate, separate, and amplify total mRNA and genomic DNA of a single cells, using whole transcriptome (WTA) and whole genome amplification (WGA). These WTA and WGA products enable simultaneous analysis of transcriptome and genome of a single cell using various downstream high-throughput approaches.

HAP1 cell utilization for accurate interpretation of germline BAP1 variants

Aims/Purpose: Pathogenic germline variants in BRCA1‐Associated Protein 1 (BAP1) gene cause a rare, dominant, life‐threatening tumour predisposition syndrome (BAP1‐TPDS). It increases risk for atypical cutaneous Spitz tumours and for several index cancers: uveal melanoma, malignant mesothelioma, cutaneous melanoma, clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and basal cell carcinoma. Because about 50% of variants in the public database CLINVAR are of unknown significance (VUS) and accurate interpretation of variants is crucial for screening cancer in carriers, improved tools for genomic BAP1 variant interpretation are needed. We aimed to create a mammalian cell based tool for this purpose.Methods: Four pathogenic BAP1 variants (c.67 + 1G > T, c.281A > G, c.680G > A, and c.1780_1781insT) and one VUS (c.1526C > T) were edited into the genome of near haploid HAP1 cells with CRISPR‐Cas9 and assayed for BAP1 expression and cell fitness. Proliferation and cell adhesion was quantified using xCelligence real‐time cell analysis system.Results: BAP1 loss reduces growth of HAP1 cells, which we exploited as phenotypic readout for pathogenicity of inserted variants. Three BAP1‐TPDS history‐associated variants c.67 + 1G > T, c.281A > G, and c.1780_1781insT reduced HAP1 adhesion and proliferation roughly by 70–80% whereas the c.680G > A missense variant, identified in a patient with UM without BAP1‐TPDS family history, reduced proliferation by 50%. VUS c.1526C > T behaved similarly to wild type.Conclusions: Qualitatively, the results of our in vitro tool for BAP1 variant interpretation agree with previous studies, validating the tool. The validated system has potential for scaling up for simultaneous analysis of multiple variants. Quantitatively, it might have potential for predicting higher or lower risk in family members.

The Influence Of Product Price And Quality On Consumer Satisfaction In Local Clothing Brand In Indonesian E-Commerce

This research aims to see the influence of price and product quality on consumer satisfaction with local clothing brands in Indonesian e-commerce in the city of Semarang. Partially analyzing the influence of price on consumer satisfaction, analyzing the influence of product quality on consumer satisfaction. simultaneously analyzing price and product quality on consumer satisfaction. Descriptive analysis and multiple linear analysis were also used in this research. Descriptive analysis of each variable item. Multiple linear test analysis looks at the overall impact of the independent variable and dependent variable. This research data uses a questionnaire with a sample size of 100 respondents spread across all cities in Semarang. The sampling technique is convenience sampling.The results of the partial analysis can be concluded that there is a positive and significant influence between the price variable on consumer satisfaction. There is a positive and significant influence of product quality variables on consumer satisfaction. The results of simultaneous or joint analysis show a significant influence between price and product quality variables on consumer satisfaction. Competitive prices and good product quality will provide consumer satisfaction with local clothing brands in Indonesian e-commerce in the city of Semarang.

Microfluidic-Aerosol Hyphenated Synthesis of Metal-Organic Framework-Derived Hybrid Catalysts for CO2 Utilization.

A new and efficient technique is developed by combining the hyphenated microfluidic- and aerosol-based synthesis with the coupled differential mobility analysis for the effective and continuous synthesis and simultaneous analysis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived hybrid nanostructured products. HKUST-1, a copper-based MOF, is chosen as the representative to fabricate Cu-based hybrid catalysts for reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction, an effective route for CO2 utilization. The effect of precursor concentration and carrier selection on the properties of the resulting products, including mobility size distribution, crystallization degree, surface area, and metal dispersion are investigated, as well as the correlation between the material properties of the synthesized catalysts and their catalytic performance in RWGS reaction in terms of conversion ratio/rate, selectivity, and operational stability. The results indicate that the continuous microfluidic droplet system can successfully synthesize MOF colloids, followed by the continuous production of MOF-derived hybrid materials through the tandem aerosol spray-drying-reaction system. High catalytic activity and low initiate temperature toward RWGS (turnover frequency = 0.0074s-1 ; 450°C) are achievable. The work facilitates the production and the designed concept of relevant MOF-derived hybrid nanostructured catalysts in the continuous synthesis system and the enhancement of applications in CO2 capture and utilization.

종단 문항반응이론 기반 성장모형의 적용을 통한 중학생의 진로성숙도 변화 분석

With an emphasis on career education, career maturity has emerged as an important variable that, prompts analyses of its growth and changes. Previous studies examining career maturity longitudinally used raw scores as variables, which inevitably included errors. However, the application of the longitudinal item response theory allows for error-free growth modeling. In this study, longitudinal measurement invariance was confirmed by applying item response theory, and the feasibility of simultaneous analyses of items and information functions was demonstrated. In addition, to understand the changes in students' career maturity, a multi-group analysis by gender was conducted along with a linear growth model based on the longitudinal item response theory, which is a longitudinal extension of the item response theory. The results indicated that the items on the career maturity scale were generally acceptable. However, there was a lack of information to measure high levels of career maturity among first-year middle students. Career maturity in middle school exhibited a linear declining trend. In the multi-group analysis, female students showed lower initial levels than male students, but the decline was less pronounced. An interpretation and discussion of the research results, along with the limitations and suggestions for future research, are provided.

Development of Simultaneous Analysis for Multiple Agricultural Pesticides in Raw Milk Products using GC-MS/MS

Development of Simultaneous Analysis for Multiple Agricultural Pesticides in Raw Milk Products using GC-MS/MS

Study on the efflorescence behavior of concrete by adding metakaolin

This study utilized the equivalent replacement technique to substitute cement with metakaolin, examining its role in mitigating efflorescence commonly found on concrete building surfaces. Efflorescence was quantified through measurements of the efflorescence area, ionic concentration, and pH in the leach solution. The effect of metakaolin on the hydration products and microstructure was analyzed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, simultaneous thermal analysis, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. For concrete samples with 20% metakaolin substitution, the efflorescence area decreased from 60.16% to 30.27%, the ion concentration of the leachate decreased from 259.18 mol/L to 174.60 mol/L, and the pH level declined from 11.40 to 10.69. In samples with a 15% metakaolin substitution rate, the concentrations of calcium hydroxide and calcium carbonate diminished, giving rise to additional hydration products. The incorporation of metakaolin also enhanced the pore structure of the concrete, elevating the mesopore proportion by 57.6%. Furthermore, the compressive strength after a standard 28-d curing period increased from 45.1 MPa to 53.3 MPa. Overall, the study demonstrates that the introduction of metakaolin produces favorable effects in attenuating concrete efflorescence and augmenting mechanical properties through mechanisms involving pozzolanic activity, nucleation effects, and microaggregate filling.

Ignition and thermal decomposition of solid organic fuel: The influence of activation, deactivation, and composite formation

The article discusses research on the thermal decomposition and ignition of coal, pine sawdust, and composite fuels derived from them. Through simultaneous thermal analysis, it was observed that the combustion process occurs in two primary stages. In the first stage, gaseous products are released and burned, while in the second stage, carbon produced in the first stage undergoes oxidation. The study also revealed the impact of mechanical activation and deactivation of ground fuel. Interestingly, the properties of coal and sawdust in the composite fuel formation are not simply additive. When the composite contains more carbon, there is a shift in the maximum decomposition rates towards higher temperatures in the first stage. Additionally, there is a decrease in decomposition magnitude during the first stage and an increase during the second stage. Moreover, it was found that the combustion temperatures of the composite fuel and mixture are higher than those of sawdust alone. Furthermore, the composite fuel exhibits superior burning characteristics as compared to the mixture. It ignites earlier, and the combustion zone shifts towards the center, resulting in enhanced fuel combustion efficiency.

Numerical analysis of the influence of radiation defects on the transport characteristics of a superconducting CORC-cable

Aim: development of a simultaneous model, calculation and analysis of heat losses of a superconducting CORC cable based on standard HTSC tapes and irradiated HTSC tapes in cyclic load modes for magnetic energy storage system.
 Methods: the CORC cable based on industrial original HTSC tapes and HTS tape with defects from irradiation is considered; to describe the electromagnetic and thermal characteristics of the system are used following methods: the concepts of the macroelectrodynamics, the fundamentals of the applied superconductivity, the finite element method are used; the calculation is implemented in the COMSOL Multiphysics.
 Results: a model was developed, the optimal cooling mode was determined in 5 load cycles, it was shown that the presence of artificial pinning centers can significantly improve the thermal stabilization of the system and leads to a reduction in heat losses with the considered cooling schemes.
 Conclusion: the results can be used in the development of the magnetic energy storage system based on high-temperature superconducting composites (HTS).

UPLC-MS/MS Method for Detection of Etomidate and Its Metabolite Etomidate Acid Quantity in Blood.

To establish a method for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of etomidate and its metabolite etomidate acid in blood, and to discuss its application value in actual cases. Acetonitrile precipitate protein method was used, and C18 column was selected. Gradient elution was performed with acetonitrile and 5 mmol/L ammonium acetate within 6 min. Electrospray ionization source in positive ion mode was used. The internal standard etomidate acid-d5 was obtained by etomidate-d5 alkaline hydrolysis reaction. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used for quantitative analysis. The methodological verification was conducted. Etomidate and etomidate acid in blood showed good linear relationship in the quantitative linear range (r>0.999), with the lower limit of quantification was 2.5 ng/mL and 7.5 ng/mL, respectively. The accuracy, precision, recovery rate, and matrix effect of the method met the professional verification standards. The practical application results showed that etomidate and etomidate acid could be detected in the blood of the abusers, and their mass concentrations ranged from 17.24 to 379.93 ng/mL. The method established in this study can simultaneously quantify etomidate and etomidate acid in blood, which is simple and convenient to operate with accuracy. It can meet the detection needs of actual cases and provide technical support for law enforcement to crack down on etomidate abuse.

Developed and validated HPLC method for simultaneous analysis of key flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids in the hawthorn-based cardiotonic Forticor®

<p>Relatively simple, but very reliable, one-step qualitative/quantitative HPLC analysis of four key flavonoids, and a phenolcarboxylic acid, has been introduced. For substrate/sample preparations, either triple percolations, using 70% ethanol-water (V/V), or/and ultrasonic bath methanol extractions, were carried out to obtain the desired isolates yielding quercetin, isoquercitrin, hyperoside, vitexin and chlorogenic acid. The method is linear, over the studied range of 1.05 <span style="background-color: var(--bs-body-bg); font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align);">– </span><span style="background-color: var(--bs-body-bg); font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align);">210.00, 6.25 </span><span style="font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align); background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);">–</span><span style="font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align); background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);"> </span><span style="font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align); background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);"> 250.00, 25.00 – </span><span style="font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align); background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);">250.00, 7.50 – 150.00 and 1.04 - 10.40 µg/mL for chlorogenic acid, vitexin, hyperoside, isoquercitrin and </span><span style="font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align); background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);">quercetin, respectively. The correlation coefficient for each of the analytes was greater than 0.999. The </span><span style="font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align); background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);">intra-day and inter-day precision of the analysis was below 2.00 and 3.00 %, respectively. The accuracy of the analysis is verified by the standard addition method, using three different concentrations of each component in the tested materials, with recovery values obtained in the range of 98.04 </span><span style="font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align); background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);">–</span><span style="font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align); background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);"> </span><span style="font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align); background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);">102.47% </span><span style="font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align); background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);">(RSD ≤ 1.85%). The detection limits were 0.6, 0.5, 0.5, 0.8 and 0.3 µg/mL chlorogenic acid, vitexin, </span><span style="font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align); background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);">hyperoside, isoquercitrin and quercetine, respectively. The developed method is convenient in the </span><span style="font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align); background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);">routine control of hawthorn raw materials and pharmaceutical dosage forms made from hawthorn </span><span style="font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align); background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);">berries or flowerbearing branches. The new HPLC method may be used for the quality control of the </span><span style="font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align); background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);">commercially used cardiotonic Forticor<sup>®</sup> intended for increasing/strengthening cardiac muscles, in </span><span style="font-weight: var(--bs-body-font-weight); text-align: var(--bs-body-text-align); background-color: var(--bs-body-bg);">order to lower the risks of atherosclerosis, hypertension and congestive heart failure.</span></p>

A study on cholesterol-cholesteryl ester metabolic homeostasis and drug intervention in hyperlipidemic hamsters using UHPLC-MS/MS

Hyperlipidemia is a global metabolic disorder characterized by dysregulation of lipid metabolism. This dysregulation is closely associated with the altered homeostasis of cholesterol-cholesteryl ester (CE) metabolism in systemic circulation, and some organs. Additionally, the relationship between oxidized cholesteryl ester (oxCE) and the disease has also gained attention. Currently, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the alterations in cholesterol-CE metabolism in the context of hyperlipidemia, as well as the characteristics of lipid-lowering agents in regulating this metabolic state. Therefore, 40 oxCEs were identified in the hamster liver sample, and novel ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography−tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) methods were established for simultaneous analysis of cholesterol, 57 CEs, and 40 oxCEs in the serum, liver, adipose tissue, and intestine of hyperlipidemic hamsters. This study investigated the metabolic alterations between cholesterol-CE/oxCE in hyperlipidemic hamsters and those treated with lipid-lowering agents, including the Niemann-Pick-C1 like-1 protein (NPC1L1) inhibitor ezetimibe and the acyl coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitor avasimibe. The study findings demonstrate metabolic disorders in cholesterol-CE/oxCE homeostasis in hyperlipidemic hamsters. Lipid-lowering agent therapy can improve the metabolic dysregulation caused by hyperlipidemia, with distinct characteristics: ezetimibe is more effective in reducing cholesterol, while avasimibe is more effective in reducing CEs/oxCEs. Eight potential biomarkers indicating the dysregulation of cholesterol-CE metabolism caused by hyperlipidemia and its improvement by lipid-lowering agents have been identified in the serum. This study offers new insights into the hyperlipidemia pathophysiology and the mechanisms of lipid-lowering agents from a novel perspective on cholesterol-CE/oxCE metabolic homeostasis.

Experimental and theoretical analysis of Metal-Organic Frameworks’ energy storage performance for heating, cooling, power generation, and desalination

The study addresses the urgent need to find materials and an advanced adsorption cycle for renewable and sustainable energy sources, aiming to resolve the conflict between rapidly increasing renewable energy demand and the low efficiency of the adsorption system. The simultaneous thermal analysis machine is utilized to measure the adsorption characteristics and adsorption heat of the adsorbent. Microscopic analysis of the adsorbent's structure is conducted using a confocal microscope. Through computational analysis, this paper investigates the comprehensive performance of the advanced adsorption cycle, including adsorption refrigeration, heating, power generation, and seawater desalination capabilities. The findings indicate that the material of HKUST-1(Cu) has the highest performance in heating, cooling, power generation, and desalination. The cooling capacity, heating capacity, power generation capacity, and desalination capacity are 727.9 kJ/kg, 1431.9 kJ/kg, 14.5 kJ/kg, 0.34 kg/kg when the temperature of heating, condensation, and evaporation is about 140 °C, 30 °C, and 15 °C. The HKUST-1(Cu) and UiO-66-BDC-NH2 have the highest desalination capacity and are suitable for high and low-temperature heat source usage. The study concludes that the material of HKUST-1(Cu) possesses the potential to serve as a viable alternative energy source in the cooling, heating, power generation, and desalination system. The novelty of this work lies in the comprehensive evaluation of the advanced cycle’s performance of multiple metal–organic frameworks within the context of cooling, heating, desalination, and power generation in one adsorption system. This research goes beyond previous efforts by providing valuable insights into the advanced cycle and its comprehensive performance of cooling, heating, power generation, and desalination capabilities.

Simultaneous analysis of three metal ions on a single chip: Easy clean-up with bio-thin film in electromembrane extraction and quick colorimetric analysis with progressive web application

In this study, a miniaturized on-chip electrically assisted membrane transport based on starch/gelatin thin-film, as a novel composite carbohydrate polymer, was introduced for the simultaneous determination of three heavy metal ions with an emphasis on green chemistry. The starch/gelatin membrane is environmentally friendly, has low cost, and can be used as a solvent-free membrane for ion transport and matrix cleanup. Metal ions were extracted by applying a low voltage across the membrane sheet. The acceptor droplets are specific ligand solutions that can form selective color complexes on the colorless membranes to indicate the presence of metal ions. The color response of the final acceptor droplets was evaluated by acquiring several digital images and processing them with specific software developed as a Progressive Web Application. For Ni(II), Cr(VI), and Cu(II), the limits of detections were 0.5, 0.5, and 0.1 mg/L, and limits of quantifications were 1.0, 1.0, and 0.5 mg/L, respectively. The calibration range is from 1.0 to 50.0 mg/L for Ni(II) and Cr(VI), while it is from 0.5 to 50.0 mg/L for Cu(II) with relative recoveries ranging from 86.6 to 113.3% and relative standard deviations less than 11.0%. The values obtained with AGREE and AGREEprep methods were 0.68, and 0.5, thus indicating a proper level of greenness for the proposed method. Finally, this method was successfully applied for measuring metal ions in solutions of acidified digested vegetables including lettuce, carrot, potato, and onion.