Simultaneous Adsorption And Biodegradation Research Articles

Synergic effect of adsorption and biodegradation enhance cyanide removal by immobilized Alcaligenes sp. strain DN25

A high efficiency and stability polyurethane-foam (PUF)-immobilized cell system was constructed to remove cyanide based on simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB). The performance of the PUF-immobilized system was evaluated by comparison with the freely suspended cell system. The SAB system exhibited more effective and robust, and could still remain degradation activity even at 40 °C or pH 11.0. The SAB system completely removed 500 mg CN-/L within 8 h at 30 °C, pH 8.0, and 120 rpm, whereas 12 h were required for the free cells system. Moreover, the SAB system showed apparent superiority in removing higher concentration cyanide up to 1200 mg CN-/L. A continuously stirred tank bioreactor (CSTR) was successfully designed and steadily operated with approximately 85% of the total average removal efficiency for 52 days at an influent cyanide concentration of 100-200 mg/L, which demonstrated a favorable reliability. Cyanide removal process could be well described using a pseudo first-order model, and the higher apparent rate constants (k) of the immobilized cells showed the synergic effect of adsorption and biodegradation significantly enhanced cyanide removal. Preliminarily, it was found that the foam characteristic might play a not negligible role on the cyanide-degrading enzyme expression of strain DN25 in the SAB system.

Highly efficient simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation of a highly-concentrated anionic dye by a high-surface-area carbon-based biocomposite

Mesoporous high-surface-area activated carbon (MHSA-AC), which has a honeycomb structure, was produced from coconut shells by simultaneous chemical and physical activation and used for the rapid adsorption of an anionic dye, namely acid orange 10 (AO10), from water. Owing to its porosity and high Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area (2283.91 m2g−1), MHSA-AC is a highly efficient adsorbent. It also has good biocompatibility and is a good immobilization carrier; the grooves on the MHSA-AC surface facilitate immobilization. Here, a new, highly efficient, and environmentally friendly simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB) process was developed. Highly concentrated AO10 (6000 mg L-1, 20 mL) was removed with an efficiency of 100% (pH = 7, 35 °C) by SAB using cells immobilized on MHSA-AC (500 mg). The immobilized cells were used directly, without pretreatment; the SAB process is therefore simple and has good potential for application in the treatment of dyes in industrial wastewater.

Simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB) of diesel oil using immobilized Acinetobacter venetianus on porous material

This paper investigated modified bamboo charcoal (MBC) as a cheap, abundant and alternative cell immobilization matrix for biodegrading diesel oil. The immobilized microorganism’s degradation capacity was compared to its free form counterparts, namely planktonic and immobilized bacteria which degraded relatively high amounts of diesel oil (>80%). Acinetobacter venetianus immobilized on MBC demonstrated superior efficiency in degrading diesel oil (94%) compared to planktonic cells culture (82%) over a 3-day period. Moreover, the simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation of diesel oil using these immobilized cells fitted well to the pseudo second order (R2>0.99). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that through absorption, cells attached well to the cavum of MBC stalk cells. Fourier transform infrared analysis (FTIR) revealed that a large number of bands at 1300–1500cm−1 existed, demonstrating that the diesel oil was degraded and new bands were formed. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrum (GC–MS) analysis indicated the immobilized cells could degrade diesel oil into esters and aldehydes. Results justified the applicability of MBC as the carrier matrix for immobilizing microorganisms in removing diesel oil compounds from industrial wastewater.

Removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB) using low cost adsorbents

<div> <p>This study was aimed to investigate the use of Mustard stalk as a cheap, eco-friendly adsorbent with support matrix for the immobilization of microbial cell and for subsequent removal of<br /> 2,4-dichlrophenol(2,4-DCP) from waste water. A comparative batch study between adsorption as well as simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB) of 2,4-DCP by mustard stalk immobilized <em>Pseudomonas putida </em>MTCC1194 have been studied in conical flask having concentration ranges of<br /> 2,4-DCP from 100 to 1000 mg l<sup>-1</sup> with adsorbent dose range 1 to 12 g l<sup>-1</sup> at pH range 2 to 9 and temperature range 28<sup>°</sup>C to 35<sup>°</sup>C, placed in an orbital shaker. The results of the batch studies showed that simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB) shows the maximum percent (91%) removal of 2,4-DCP as compared to simple adsorption (86 %) at optimum temperature 32 °C of adsorbent dose 10 g l<sup>-1</sup>, and pH 6 with MSAC having particle size 0.24 mm. The equilibrium data for 2,4-DCP degradation sorbent systems were well fitted with Langmuir isotherm.</p> </div> <p> </p>

POTENTIAL OF CORN HUSK LEAVES FOR THE CO-REMOVAL OF PHENOL AND CYANIDE FROM WASTE WATER USING SIMULTANEOUS ADSORPTION AND BIODEGRADATION

Application of biosorbents has gained a great importance in the present scenario of waste water purification. The present work concentrates on the potential of biosorbent, Corn husk leaves, for the co-removal of phenol and cyanide from coke waste water by simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB). The microbe used in the present study is the bacteria of Serratia Sp. The entire SAB process was carried out at 30 0 C and for 60 h. Theoptimum process parameters i.e. pH, initial concentration of both phenol and cyanide, adsorbent dose of corn husk leaves were analysed and their impact on the entire process were also studied. At the range of initial concentration of phenol between 100-1000 mg/L and cyanide between 10-100 mg/L, the optimum pH was obtained between 6.57 and an optimum adsorbent dose of 6 g/L. Multicomponent adsorption isotherms applied were Non-modified Langmuir, Modified Langmuir, Extended Langmuir and Extended Freundlich. Out of the four isotherms applied non-modified Langmuir isotherm proved to be the best fit for phenol and modified Langmuir isotherm was found to be best fit for cyanide. Phenol showed a removal percentage of 75 % by SAB process and cyanide showed a removal percentage of 83 %. The data was also non-linearly modelled for kinetic studies. Kinetic studies revealed that for both phenol and cyanide simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation took place by physisorption as well as by chemisorption. Surface diffusion is dominating for the simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation of phenol whereas in case of cyanide intraparticle diffusion is the dominating factor.

Comparative Studies on Simultaneous Adsorption and Biodegradation, Adsorption and Biodegradation for Treatment of Wastewater containing Cyanide and Phenol

This paper presents a comparative study of the efficiency of biodegradation, adsorption and simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB) process for the remediation of industrial wastewaters containing both cyanide and phenol. Adsorption was carried out using granular activated carbon (GAC), while biodegradation was achieved by co-fermentation with Pseudomonas putida and Azotobacter chroococcum. During co-metabolism P. putida utilized phenol as carbon source while A. chroococcum utilized cyanide as nitrogen source for growth. The biodegradation efficiency decreased with increasing concentrations of phenol and cyanide and was observed as 99.99, 92.45, 86.12, 75.21 and 60.34% for cyanide and 99.61, 85.62, 79.15, 64.21 and 56.63% for phenol respectively after 60 h of agitation when initial concentration was increased from 50–350 mg L−1. With adsorption on GAC, the removal efficiencies were found to be 85.8, 77.67, 75.51, 58.25 and 50.73% for cyanide and 73.92, 72.99, 71.23, 60.13 and 51.55% for phenol respectively after 72 h of agitation. However SAB process was found to be better than biodegradation or adsorption alone in terms of both removal efficiency and time required for remediation with removal efficiencies > 94% for initial cyanide and phenol concentrations of 50 and 100 mg L−1.

Treatment of cyanide bearing effluents by adsorption, biodegradation and combined processes: effect of process parameters

The present investigation focused on a comparative study for the removal of cyanide from separate solutions of sodium, zinc and iron cyanide compounds by three different processes such as; adsorption, biodegradation and simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB) processes. Adsorption studies were carried out on commercial granular activated carbon (GAC). Biodegradation and SAB studies were conducted with suspended and immobilized cultures of Pseudomonas putida, respectively. Effect of pH, temperature and agitation time on percentage removal of cyanide was measured at an initial cyanide concentration of 100 mg/L and it was found that these parameters significantly affect the three process performances. The SAB process was found to have better removal efficiency as compared to adsorption and biodegradation processes. SAB process could achieve more than 95% removal efficiency for cyanide concentrations up to 100 mg/L in sodium, zinc and iron cyanide solutions. Higher percentage of cyanide removal and specific uptake was achieved in case of zinc–cyanide complexes as compared to other cyanide complexes. Adsorption isotherms evaluated the uptake and degradation on cyanide in SAB process.

Simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation of synthetic melanoidin

Molasses spent wash contains melanoidin, a dark brown recalcitrant compound. It is not easily biodegraded and causes a number of problems such as reduction in photosynthetic activities and dissolved oxygen when discharged to aqueous environment. Being an antioxidant, melanoidin removal through purely biodegradation has been inadequate. Consequently, in the current study, simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB) was employed in a stirred tank system to remove melanoidin from synthetic wastewater. Mixed microbial consortium was immobilized onto 200 g of activated carbon and used to degrade 3.5 L of melanoidin solutions with varying chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentrations. The effects of the initial COD level, pH and temperature on COD removal were then studied. Ultimately, the SAB performance was compared to that of batch adsorption or biodegradation carried out independently. After 48 h of operation, the SAB process yielded the best COD removal efficiency of 75% as compared to 49.3 and 51.9% for adsorption and biodegradation, respectively, for the initial COD value of 10800 mg/ L at a temperature of 296 K and pH 6.97. This therefore showed that the SAB process can successfully be applied to enhance the removal of melanoidin from wastewater. Key words: Adsorption, biodegradation, melanoidin, SAB, wastewater.

Batch Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies of Simultaneous Adsorption and Biodegradation of Naphthalene by Orange Peels Immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIB 950

The batch simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB) of naphthalene in synthetic naphthalene waste water by orange peels immobilized Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIB 950 has been studied under different process conditions. Different orange peels particle sizes (0.125, 0.178 and 0.422 mm) were used as adsorbent and support matrix for the batch equilibrium adsorption-biodegradation studies; while different initial naphthalene concentrations (10 – 50 mg/l) and pH (5, 7 and 9) were used for the batch kinetic studies. The results of the batch equilibrium adsorption-biodegradation studies revealed that adsorption-biodegradation capacity decreased with increase in particle size. The equilibrium adsorption-biodegradation data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich-Peterson models of adsorption. The results showed that the equilibrium data for naphthalene degradation sorbent systems were well fitted to the three adsorption models with Redlich-Peterson adsorption isotherm having the best fit. The adsorption-biodegradation kinetic data obtained at different initial naphthalene concentrations and pH showed that the adsorption-biodegradation capacity of orange peels immobilized P. aeruginosa increased with increase in initial naphthalene concentration and pH. The kinetic data were analyzed using Lagergren pseudo-first order, Elovich and intra particle diffusion rate equations. The rate equations fitting showed that the adsorption- biodegradation kinetic data generally fitted the three rate equations tested from which the rate constants and diffusion rate constants were estimated. However, the Lagergren pseudo first-order rate equation gave the best fit and, thus the process followed first-order rate kinetics. Adsorption studies have also been done separately to compare the efficiency of SAB over adsorption. Therefore, orange peels being an agricultural waste product have the potential to be used as low-cost adsorbent and support matrix for microbial culture immobilization for the removal of organic pollutant from waste water.

Treatment of Cyanide Bearing Water/Wastewater by Plain and Biological Activated Carbon

Comparative study of biodegradation and adsorption alone with simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB) process was carried out along with a brief review of the processes. Adsorption and SAB studies were carried out in plain and Pseudomonas putida immobilized granular activated carbon (GAC), whereas biodegradation was conducted with suspended cultures of P. putida. P. putida used iron cyanide as the sole source of nitrogen at an initial pH of 7.0 and temperature of 30 °C. At an initial iron(II) cyanide concentration of 100 mg/L, removal efficiencies of cyanide by adsorption, biodegradation, and SAB were found to be 81.5%, 78.2%, and 96.7%, respectively. The initial ferrocyanide concentrations of 50−350 mg CN−/L were taken for the study. The microbes adopted to grow at maximum cyanide concentration were harvested, and their ability to degrade cyanide were measured in both biodegradation and SAB. The removal efficiency of biologically activated granular activated carbon (BAC) was found better as compared to that of plain GAC. It was also found that the SAB process is more effective than adsorption and biodegradation alone.

Removal of metal cyanides from aqueous solutions by suspended and immobilized cells of Rhizopus oryzae (MTCC 2541)

AbstractThis paper presents a study on biodegradation and simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB) of zinc and iron cyanides by Rhizopus oryzae (MTCC 2541), with a brief process review. Granular activated carbon was used for the immobilization of Rhizopus oryzae (MTCC 2541) for the SAB study. pH and temperature were optimized at an initial cyanide concentration of 100 mg/L for biodegradation and SAB. The microbes adapted to grow at maximum cyanide concentration were harvested and their ability to degrade cyanide was measured in both biodegradation and SAB. The removal efficiency of the SAB process was found to be better as compared to the biodegradation process. In the case of biodegradation, removal was found up to a maximum cyanide concentration of 250 mg CN−/L for zinc cyanide and 200 mg CN−/L for iron cyanide, whereas in the case of SAB, about 50% removal of cyanide at 400 mg CN−/L zinc cyanide and 300 mg CN–/L iron cyanide was possible. It was found that the SAB process is more effective than biodegradation.

Treatment of metal cyanide bearing wastewater by simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB)

This paper presents process review and comparative study of biodegradation and adsorption alone with simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB) process using Pseudomonas fluorescens. Ferrocyanide solution was used for all studies with initial CN − concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 300 mg/L, and initial pH of 6. Pseudomonas fluorescens used ferrocyanide as sole source of nitrogen and biodegradation efficiency was observed as 96.4, 94.1, 86.2 and 69.3%, respectively after 60 h of agitation. Whereas in adsorption process with granular activated carbon (GAC) as adsorbent, CN − removal efficiency was found to be 85.6, 80.1, 70.2 and 50.2%, respectively. But in SAB process the removal efficiency could be more than 70% for all concentrations only at 36 h of agitation and achieved removal efficiency of 99.9% for 50 and 100 mg CN −/L. It was found that SAB process is more effective than biodegradation and adsorption alone.