Simulation Test System Research Articles

Exploring Innovative Methods in Maritime Simulation: A Ship Path Planning System Utilizing Virtual Reality and Numerical Simulation

In addressing the high costs, inefficiencies, and limitations of purely digital simulations in maritime trials for unmanned vessel path planning, this paper introduces a ship virtual path planning simulation test system. This system, unbound by temporal and spatial constraints, vividly showcases the navigational performance of vessels. After analyzing the virtual testing requirements for the autonomous navigation performance of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs), we established the overall framework of this system. Data-driven by a numerical simulation platform, the system achieves synchronized operation between physical and virtual platforms and supports interactive path planning simulations between USVs and the virtual testing system. Furthermore, to address the limitations of traditional ship trajectory planning evaluation, this paper develops a global path planning fitness evaluation function that comprehensively considers trajectory safety, navigation distance, and vessel stability, achieving optimal comprehensive routes through the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Test results indicate an average roll reduction of 14.31% in the planned routes, with a slight increase in navigation distance. By integrating two-dimensional curve simulation with three-dimensional visualization, this paper not only overcomes the limitations of purely physical and purely virtual simulations but also enhances the overall credibility and intuitiveness of the simulation. Experimental results validate the system’s effectiveness, providing a novel method for autonomous navigation testing and evaluation of USVs.

Grouting characteristic in rock fractures with different structural properties: Apparatus design and experimental study

Rock fracture surfaces are normally rough, with upper and lower surfaces presenting obvious structural properties (i.e., matching or mismatching). In this paper, rock fracture was divided into shear and tensile fractures based on its mechanical origin. A test simulation system for grouting in rough fracture (tensile and shear fractures) with continuous pressure field monitoring was proposed. A series of grouting simulation tests were employed to evaluate the effect of fracture structural property, fracture surface roughness, and aperture on the characteristics of grout flow in the rough fracture. The results show that grouting pressure exhibited a trend of rapid increase followed by a slow increase with time during the grouting in the tensile and shear fractures. Grouting pressure increases with time in a smooth relationship for tensile fracture and a fluctuating upward relationship for shear fracture. The slurry pressure distribution along the penetration length exhibited a nonlinear attenuation trend. The attenuation degree of the slurry pressure was positively related to the fracture roughness and the roughness difference in the upper–lower fracture surface and negative with the fracture aperture. The potential filtration effect during the grouting process is an important factor affecting the grouting behavior in the rough fracture.

Experimental study on the influence of roadway shape on the evolution of outburst fluid static pressure

To explore the static pressure dynamic disaster mechanism of coal-and-gas outburst (CGO) fluid, the self-developed multi-field coupling large-scale physical simulation test system of coal mine dynamic disaster was used to carry out gas outburst and CGO physical simulation tests in straight, L-shaped and T-shaped roadways. The influence of roadway shape on the evolution of static pressure was explored, and the role of pulverized coal in the process of static pressure dynamic disaster was clarified. The results indicated that the static pressure showed a fluctuating downward trend during the outburst process. When gas outburst, the middle and front parts of the roadway in the straight section roadway were the most serious areas of static pressure disasters in the three shapes of roadways. The duration and range of high static pressure disaster in L-shaped roadway were larger than those in T-shaped and straight roadways in turn. When CGO, the most serious area of static pressure disaster in L-shaped and T-shaped roadways moved backward to the middle of the straight section roadway, and there was a rebound phenomenon in the process of static pressure fluctuation decline, which showed the pulse characteristics of CGO. During the outburst, the static pressure dynamic disaster hazard of L-shaped roadway was higher than that of T-shaped roadway, and the static pressure at the bifurcation structure decayed faster than that at the turning structure, which indicated that T-shaped roadway was more conducive to the release of static pressure in roadway, thus reduced the risk of static pressure disaster. When gas outburst, the static pressure attenuation of the fluid in the roadway before and after the turning and bifurcation structure was greater than that of CGO. The peak static pressure and impulse of the fluid during gas outburst were 2 times and 4–5 times that of CGO respectively. The presence of pulverized coal reduced the attenuation of static pressure and the hazard of dynamic disaster, prolonged the release time of energy, and led to the change of the maximum static pressure disaster area.

Development of complete hydrometallurgical processes for gold recovery from ICs and CPUs using ionic liquids

Integrated circuits (ICs) and central processing units (CPUs), essential components of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE), are complex composite materials rich in recyclable high-value strategic and critical metals, with many in concentrations higher than in their natural ores. With gold the most valuable metal present, increase in demand for gold for EEE and its limited availability have led to a steep rise in the market price of gold, making gold recycling a high priority to meet demand. To overcome the limitations associated with conventional technologies for recycling e-waste, the use of greener technologies (ionic liquids (ILs) as leaching agents), offers greater potential for the recovery of gold from e-waste components. While previous studies have demonstrated the efficiency and feasibility of using ILs for gold recovery, these works predominantly concentrate on the extraction stage and often utilise simulated solutions, lacking the implementation of a complete process validated with real samples to effectively assess its overall effectiveness. In this work, a simulated Model Test System was used to determine the optimal leaching and extraction conditions before application to real samples. With copper being the most abundant metal in the e-waste fractions, to access the gold necessitated a two-stage pre-treatment (nitric acid leaching followed by aqua regia leaching) to ensure complete removal of copper and deliver a gold-enriched leach liquor. Gold extraction from the leach liquor was achieved by liquid-liquid extraction using Cyphos 101 (0.1 M in toluene with an O:A = 1:1, 20 °C, 150 rpm, and 15 min) and as a second process by sorption extraction with loaded resins (Amberlite XAD-7 with 300 mg of Cyphos 101/g of resins at 20 °C, 150 rpm and 3 h). In both processes, complete stripping and desorption of gold was achieved (0.5 M thiourea in 0.5 M HCl) and gold recovered, as nanoparticles of purity ≥95%, via a reduction step using a sodium borohydride solution (0.1 M NaBH4 in 0.1 M NaOH). These two hydrometallurgical processes developed can achieve overall efficiencies of ≥95% for gold recovery from real e-waste components, permit the reuse of the IL and resins up to five consecutive times, and offer a promising approach for recovery from any e-waste stream rich in gold.

A 3D-Based Modeling and Analysis of an Artificial Palm Tree for Video Surveillance Activities

A study on the 3-D modeling and analysis of an artificial palm tree structure capable of housing a camera was made. The proposed system's design, simulation, and virtual testing were done using SolidWorks software. This work's primary objective was an aesthetically pleasing and functional solution that integrates with the urban landscape while providing an enhanced concealed security system. The natural form of a palm tree was incorporated into the artificial palm tree structure. The hidden camera ensures optimal coverage without compromising the overall appearance and presence of the device. This is so because, in the Nigerian situation, Miscreants will pull down the structure if they know of its presence. A detailed analysis of the system's structural integrity and stability was achieved using a 3D model of the artificial palm tree structure. Factors such as wind load, weight distribution, and material strength are considered to ensure the design can cope with environmental conditions. Virtual simulations allow for the maximization of the structure, ensuring it complies with safety standards, and the results of VonMise's stress show that the materialsselected for the design are suitable for the work.

Ultimate water level and deformation failures of the artificial dam in the coal mine underground reservoir

Coal mine underground reservoirs provide a new choice for the protection and utilization of water resources. This paper takes the underground reservoir of Wulanmulun Mine as the background, and takes the MB-1# artificial dam in the goaf of 31104–31116 working face of 3–1 coal seam as the research object. The theoretical model of artificial dam is established by elastic–plastic two-way slab theory, and the theoretical mechanical analysis and calculation are carried out. A similitude physical model for the coal mine underground reservoir was built by using the self-developed nested dual-dynamic-pressure similitude simulation testing system. Later, the mechanical response and deformation failure features of the artificial dam under different water pressure values were analyzed and the ultimate water pressure was determined. In addition, FLAC3D was used to determine the stress-seepage field-coupling model for the artificial dam. Using this model, the influence of water pressure on the multi-load coupling effect of the artificial dam and coal pillar dam was characterized. The dam form is optimized and the safety water level evaluation method of the dam body is proposed. The research results are as follows: (1) Based on the theory of elastic–plastic two-way slab, the theoretical analysis model of artificial dam is established, the expression of the ultimate water level function of artificial dam is derived, and the theoretical ultimate water head is determined to be 18.2 m (2) The seepage law of underground reservoir under different water pressures is obtained, and the ultimate water pressure of the model is determined to be 11.43 kPa. (3) It is clarified that the failure modes of the artificial dam are seepage failure and mechanical failure, and it is revealed that the groove area is the weakest position where the dam is most vulnerable to failure. In view of the failure modes of the dam, the I-shaped structure artificial dam is proposed. (4) A safe water level assessment method is proposed for the constructed artificial dam. According to the analysis of on-site monitoring data of MB-1# dam, the actual water level in the reservoir is within the allowable water level range of the artificial dam, and the whole reservoir is in a stable and relatively safe state at present. The reliability of this assessment method has been verified.

Investigations of Regenerative Braking and Vibration Energy Conservation for Efficient Charging of Lithium-Ion Battery and Supercapacitor Hybrid System in Electric Vehicle Applications

This study aims to determine new methods of making electric vehicles more energy efficient by focusing on regenerative braking and vibration energy conservation in a hybrid energy storage system integrating lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors. The first part of the research identifies the regenerative braking system, evaluates its effectiveness, and proposes enhancements for capturing and storing braking energy. Additionally, an investigation is made into whether it would be possible to conserve vibrating energies through creative integration with energetic harvesting technologies. The purpose is to capture and convert vibrational power produced when a car moves into an electrical charge using piezoelectric device for hybrid power storage. More energy efficiency is achieved through this method while also trying to overcome the shortcomings of regenerative braking in some driving situations. This experiments involve Modeling, Simulation and development and testing of prototype systems under different driving and vibrating conditions as well as real-world performance evaluation. It will help to determine how effective the hybrid system that has been suggested enhances energy recovery and storage efficiency in electric vehicles.

Ant colony algorithm based fuzzy PID control of unmanned aerial vehicle under wind disturbance conditions

A drone is an unmanned aerial vehicle that has been widely used in military, civil and commercial fields. UAVs need to maintain a smooth and stable flight state during flight to accomplish various tasks, such as reconnaissance, scouting, aerial photography, transportation, and so on. In this paper, both the ant colony algorithm and fuzzy PID control are utilized to investigate the control of quadrotor UAVs under wind disturbance conditions. The optimization of the fuzzy PID control algorithm is conducted through the application of a convolutional neural network under wind disturbance conditions.The system construction and simulation test are conducted using MATLAB and Simulink. The experimental results are analyzed, experimental conclusions are drawn, and the results are compared with those obtained using the traditional PID control algorithm and fuzzy PID control algorithm. This comparison helps demonstrate the extent of optimization achieved by the convolutional neural network on the fuzzy PID control algorithm.The results obtained from comparing the performance with the traditional PID control algorithm and fuzzy PID control algorithm demonstrate the degree of optimization achieved by applying the convolutional neural network to the fuzzy PID control algorithm. The findings indicate that the fuzzy PID control, optimized by the ant colony algorithm, can effectively be utilized for controlling quadrotor UAVs under wind disturbance conditions.

Optimizing IRE targeting using multi-electrode structure and biomedical multi-output generator

Purpose This paper aims to study the feasibility of proposed method to focus the electroporation ablation by mean of multi-output multi-electrode system. Design/methodology/approach The proposed method has been developed based on a previously designed electroporation system, which has the capabilities to modify the electric field distribution in real time, and to estimate the impedance distribution. Taking into consideration the features of the system and biological tissues, the problem has been addressed in three phases: modeling, control system design and simulation testing. In the first phase, a finite element analysis model has been proposed to reproduce the electric field distribution within the hepatic tissue, based on the characteristics of the electroporation system. Then, a control strategy has been proposed with the goal of ensuring complete ablation while minimizing the affected volume of healthy tissue. Finally, to check the feasibility of the proposal, several representative cases have been simulated, and the results have been compared with those obtained by a traditional system. Findings The proposed method achieves the proposed goal, as part of a complex electroporation system designed to improve the targeting, effectiveness and control of electroporation treatments and serve to demonstrate the feasibility of developing new electroporation systems capable of adapting to changes in the preplanning of the treatment in real-time. Originality/value The work presents a thorough study of control method to multi-output multi-electrode electroporation system by mean of a rigorous numerical simulation.

A Deep-Sea Environment Simulated Test System for Subsea Control Modules, Part A: Prototype and Test

This paper proposes a version of the deep-sea environment simulated test system for subsea control modules to solve the problem of incomplete testing systems for electro-hydraulic subsea control modules. Based on the subsea control module test requirements specified in APISTD17F, the test system in this paper is a highly integrated system, including a test hydraulic power unit, a control module test bench, a signal simulator, an electronic test unit, an umbilical simulator, a high-pressure chamber, and an incubator. Firstly, the design indicators of the test system were determined by analyzing the various functions of the subsea control module and its working environment. Secondly, the design scheme for the test system was proposed, and a detailed design was carried out. Finally, a hydro-electrical subsea control module for the Bohai Sea was fully tested with this system, with tests including the qualification test and the factory acceptance test. The test results show that all parts of the test system coordinated well and have achieved the design indicators, and the test system can simulate the working environment and complete a land test. The effectiveness and feasibility of the test system have been verified through the test. By adopting this system, the risk of subsea control module failure can be minimized, laying the foundations for future research and improvement of subsea control module testing equipment.

Influence of depressurization mode on natural gas hydrate production characteristics: One-dimensional experimental study

The latest research suggests that using depressurization methods and their enhancements could be the most effective way to produce natural gas hydrates efficiently in marine areas. Therefore, it's crucial to investigate the gas production behavior and the changes in temperature and pressure within natural gas hydrate reservoirs under different depressurization methods. In this paper, the self-developed one-dimensional natural gas hydrate production simulation test system was utilized to conduct one-dimensional depressurization production tests during two depressurization modes of significant depressurization and slow depressurization. The findings indicated that the minimum temperature increment-depressurization rate curves in significant depressurization tests exhibited irregular patterns, primarily due to the frequency and intensity of hydrate reformation, while the smaller the depressurization rate, the larger the minimum temperature increment and the smaller the maximum dissociation rate under slow depressurization. In addition, when maintaining a fixed hydrate saturation level, the peak gas production rate showed a decline with decreasing depressurization rate. However, the exact correlation between the peak gas production rate and the depressurization rate remained uncertain due to the unpredictable nature of the “armoring” effect.

Research on large-scale clean energy optimal scheduling method based on multi-source data-driven

With the large-scale growth and grid connection of intermittent renewable energy such as wind and solar, the problem of increasing renewable energy curtailment rate and system backup flexibility has become increasingly prominent. In order to solve the problem of high proportion of renewable energy scientific consumption and flexible and stable operation of energy system. We propose a flexible and economical dispatch method based on data-driven multi-regional power system. For the problem of economic dispatch of multi-area power system, a mathematical calculation model is established to satisfy the constraints of unit output, system power balance, unit ramp rate, and valve point effect, and to consider the requirement of minimizing the cost of multi-area power load comprehensively. Based on data-driven, this paper adopts an improved fruit fly optimization algorithm to quickly find the global optimal solution. The calculations are performed by IEEE6 simulation test system, and the results verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithm. The improved fruit fly optimization algorithm is compared and analyzed with other algorithms considering the quality of the obtained solutions. The results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm in solving multi-area economic dispatching problems in real power systems.

Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Initiation Mechanism of Instantaneous Rock Burst for Beishan Granite

In this paper, the instantaneous rock burst test of Beishan granite is carried out by using a deep rock burst simulation test system and an acoustic emission monitoring system. The acoustic emission data were monitored in real time during the test. The variation of the number and energy of acoustic emission events was studied, and the distribution characteristics of rock burst debris were analyzed. Based on plate and shell mechanics, the failure process of surrounding rock is discussed from the perspective of structural stability. The results show that (1) when the vertical stress reaches 171.31 MPa, the specimen is destroyed and the number of acoustic emission events and cumulative absolute energy before the specimen is destroyed increase sharply. (2) The debris generated by rock burst is mainly composed of slab debris, flaky debris, and thin flaky debris, accounting for 93.53% of the total debris. (3) When the length or height of the rock slab is constant, the maximum tensile stress in the rock slab decreases nonlinearly with the increase of rock slab thickness. For the same size of the rock slab, the farther away from the roadway wall, the greater the maximum tensile stress in the rock slab. (4) When the thickness of the rock slab is constant, the maximum tensile stress in the rock slab increases nonlinearly with the increase of height to thickness ratio K. When the ratio of height to thickness K is constant, the maximum tensile stress in the rock slab increases with the increase of rock slab thickness h. (5) With the increase of covering depth, the critical failure thickness of the rock slab decreases nonlinearly and the surplus energy increases nonlinearly.

Experimental Study on Coal and Gas Outburst Risk under Different Water Content Rates in Strong Outburst Coal Seams.

To investigate the alleviation potency of coal seam water infusion on coal and gas outburst, this paper focuses on the Qidong coal mine outburst coal seam, where outburst accidents have occurred many times, and obtains the impact of water content on outburst prediction parameters by studying the features of outburst parameters and gas desorption law under different water content rates. How water content affects outburst was also researched through the use of a self-made outburst simulation test system, and the relationship between water content and outburst intensity and critical gas pressure was studied. It can be concluded that with the rise of water content, the initial velocity of gas diffusion, the gas desorption index of drilling cuttings, and the adsorption constant a decrease, but the firmness coefficient (f) increase, and these indicators are exponentially related to the water content. Meanwhile, as the water content raises, the outburst pressure threshold increases, the outburst intensity gradually decreases, and the less likely outburst occurs. Under 0.5 MPa pressure, as the water content arose from 2.02 to 5.14%, the outburst intensity was significantly weakened, while no outburst occurred as the water content reached to 10.25%. Fitting analysis of the influence curve of outburst parameters and comparing the vital values of outburst prediction indexes finally determined that the water content rate of 5.14% could be used as a key index for water injection measures for coal and gas outburst prevention coal seam in Qidong coal mine no. 9. This research offers a guiding significance for the outburst prevention measures of water infusion in outburst coal seams and gives a feasible scheme for the safe mining of outburst coal mines.

Failure and acoustic behavior of combinational flaws sandstone subjected to dynamic compression loads

This paper described work initiated with two objectives in mind. First was to explore the influence of strain rate effects on the strength law and deformation characteristics of plate sandstone with combined flaws. Second objective was to analyze the breaking response law and acoustic behavior of flawed sandstone under the influence of disturbance frequency and prefabricated dip angle. Thus, a self-developed physical simulation test system combined with the real-time AE monitoring system, were conducted a series of dynamic cyclic loading tests on the flawed plate sandstone. The results indicated that the dynamic frequencies and dip angles had significant effects on the deformation, strength and failure mode of specimens. Additionally, the degree of specimen failure decreased with the increase of disturbance frequency under the same inclination angle; along with, the most severe failure occurred when the inclination angle was 45 ° under the same disturbance frequency. The main failure mode of specimens was shear failure from the distribution of AF-RA. Meanwhile, for specimens with small angles (30 °, 45 °) and low frequencies (0.1, 0.3 Hz), the failure types were more complex (tensile-shear mixed failure). On the other hand, the AE characteristics mainly included three stages: I-initial cycle, II-stable development, and III-damage & failure. The CNT and ENE were greatly influenced by the disturbance frequency and inclination angle. In addition, the b-value decreased and fluctuates violently, and the strength of the samples was reduced as the loading frequency decreased. The specimens with smaller inclination angles had larger internal activity scales and more frequent damage activities with smaller b-value. Furthermore, Correlation dimension Dm was positively correlated with the change of disturbance frequency, and it was smaller when the inclination angle was 45 °.

True triaxial physics simulations and process tests of hydraulic fracturing in the Da’anzhai section of the Sichuan Basin tight oil reservoir

The limestone reservoir of the Da’anzhai section is the main production layer of Jurassic tight oil in central Sichuan, with tight and strongly heterogeneous reservoir rocks. In the early stages, small-scale plug removal and acidification techniques were mainly applied to the dacite section of the reservoir. However, using a single conversion method was not suitable for tight reservoirs with underdeveloped fractures. To address this challenge, we conducted large-scale real-world triaxial simulation test system experiments on hydraulic fracture propagation using samples from dense limestone outcrops. The aim was to elucidate the laws of hydraulic fracture propagation in dense limestone oil reservoirs. The L1 well in this area was selected to test the volumetric fracturing technology in order to achieve a breakthrough in test production and the reconstruction technology of the Da’anzhai section of the tight limestone reservoir. The experiments have shown that low stress differences, natural fracture development, and low viscosity slippery water are favorable factors for obtaining complex fracture morphology. In contrast to the construction parameters, the structural properties of the rock are the dominant factors in the formation of complex fracture morphologies. By optimizing the geological dessert and implementing targeted technological measures, bulk fracturing has been proven to be feasible for the dense limestone reservoir in the Da’anzhai section.

Analysis and Design of Embedded High-Temperature Doubly Salient Electro-Magnetic Starter/Generator for Aviation

In view of the high temperature operation characteristics of the embedded starter/generator for the more electric engine (MEE), the influence of material property change on motor performance at high temperature is studied. Furthermore, considering the influence of high temperature, the electromagnetic calculation of doubly salient electro-magnetic machine (DSEM) is carried out, and the excitation design principle of DSEM under high temperature is pointed out. The performance of DSEMs using DW310 silicon steel and 1J22 iron-cobalt alloy material was compared. Based on the silicon steel material, the structural parameters of DSEM are analyzed. According to the key parameters obtained from structural parameter analysis, Box-Behnken method and genetic algorithm were used to carry out the multi-parameter and multi-objective optimization design. The optimization objectives include excitation current, voltage ripple and cogging torque, to meet the torque and power quality requirements of MEE. Then the performance of DSEM at room temperature and high temperature is analyzed by the finite element method, which verifies the effectiveness of the design. Finally, a high-temperature and high-speed DSEM prototype was processed. At the same time, in order to cooperate with the test, a DSEM ground simulation test system platform for MEE was built to test the prototype. Its design experience lays a foundation for the embedded DSEM design of more electric aircraft.

Novel resource-efficient recovery of high purity indium products: Unlocking value from end-of-life mobile phone liquid crystal display screens

Liquid crystal display (LCD) screens found in most electrical and electronic equipment consume approximately 75% of the total indium produced globally. Due to indium’s unique properties and applications, the escalation in demand for the metal and the threat to supply of the metal, mined primarily as a by-product of zinc production, are critical. To mitigate these challenges the need to recover indium from end-of-life (EoL) products is becoming an imperative. In this work, EoL mobile phones (EoL-MPs), which represent a resource-rich stream for critical metals in general, and, specifically indium from LCDs, are used as a feedstock. Using a simulated Model Test System, with the task-specific ionic liquid, Cyphos 101, the optimal conditions for recovery of indium are determined before application to real samples. A complete hydrometallurgical process was developed for the recovery of indium from as-received EoL-MP LCDs as a four-step process involving pre-treatment, liquid-liquid extraction, elution and reduction, using the task-specific IL, Cyphos 101, as extractant. This novel hydrometallurgical process developed can achieve overall efficiencies of ≥ 90% for indium recovery in the form of two high-purity (≥ 99%) indium products of commercial value and offers a promising approach for recovery from any e-waste stream rich in indium. Moreover, this low energy process permits the reuse of the IL up to five consecutive times and has the potential to unlock value as polymeric films, glass substrate and liquid crystal for recycle and reuse within the circular economy.

Autonomous Process Execution Control Algorithms of Solid Intelligent Backfilling Technology: Development and Numerical Testing

This paper analyzes the typical technical problems arising from dumping and tamping collision interferences in the working faces of conventional mechanized solid backfilling mining (SBM). Additionally, the technical and consecutive characteristics of the solid intelligent backfilling (SIB) method, the execution device, and the corresponding process categories of the SIB process are analyzed. A design for an SIB process flow is presented. Critical algorithms, including automatic recognition and optimization planning based on the cost function and laying the algorithm foundation, are proposed to develop a backfilling process control system. A joint simulation test system is built on a MATLAB/Simulink simulation toolkit (MSST) to simulate and test the optimized algorithms. The results show that the optimized algorithm can realize the automatic optimization planning and automatic interference-recognition adjustment of the backfilling process under actual engineering conditions. In conclusion, this paper analyzes typical technical problems in the conventional backfilling process, designs the SIB process flow, and develops key algorithms to achieve the automatic control of the backfilling process.

Design of a Collaborative Vehicle Formation Control Simulation Test System

The purpose of this research is to tackle one of the most difficult issues in the realm of self-driving cars, which is the testing of advanced self-driving application scenarios. Thus, this study proposes a simulation testing system based on hardware-in-the-loop simulation technology. This system can enable data exchange between hardware systems as well as replicate and evaluate the algorithmic operations of the equipment under laboratory conditions. The system can integrate scenario simulation software with MATLAB to evaluate algorithm performance. The vehicle formation control system is tailored for collaborative vehicle formation management scenarios and tested in the simulation test system. The findings display the functional integrity of the vehicle formation control system, the reliability of lane changing and the stability and safety of cruising. It additionally demonstrates that the simulation testing system has the ability to recreate cooperative vehicle arrangement management situations and assess their functionality and performance. In forthcoming research, comprehensive functional and performance assessments will be executed on various typical scenarios for advanced autonomous driving applications in order to authenticate the simulation test system’s applicability.