Hadronic Shower Simulation Research Articles

GEANT4 physics evaluation with testbeam data of the ATLAS hadronic end-cap calorimeter

The validation of GEANT4 physics models is done by comparing experimental data from beam tests of modules of the ATLAS hadronic end-cap calorimeter with GEANT4 based simulations. Various physics lists for the simulation of hadronic showers are evaluated. We present results of studies of the calorimeter performance parameters (like energy resolution and shower shapes) as well as results of investigations of the influence of the Birks' law and of cuts on the time of development of hadronic showers.

The Main Injector Particle Production Experiment

It is currently impossible to apply the theory of strong interactions, QCD, to compute non-perturbative hadron interaction cross sections from first principles. Thus high quality hadronic particle production measurements are needed to fully understand the data from experiments that have hadronic interactions as a signal or background. This includes atmospheric and accelerator neutrino experiments, calorimetry and hadronic shower simulation. Such data can also be used to test observed regularities in particle production such as scaling relations in inclusive reactions with some precision. The spectrum of baryon resonances predicted by QCD includes many states that have not been observed. Measurements of pion, kaon, and proton beams on a liquid hydrogen target at beam momenta around 1 GeV/c will provide important input to searches for missing baryon resonances. We review status, results, and prospects of particle production measurements at Fermilab.

GEANT4 physics evaluation with testbeam data of the ATLAS hadronic end-cap calorimeter

We evaluate the validity of the GEANT4 electromagnetic and hadronic physics models by comparing experimental data from beam tests of modules of the ATLAS hadronic end-cap calorimeter with GEANT4-based simulations. Two physics lists (LHEP and QGSP) for the simulation of hadronic showers are evaluated. Calorimeter performance parameters like the energy resolution and shapes of showers are studied both for electrons and charged pions. Furthermore, throughout the paper we compare GEANT4 and the corresponding predictions of GEANT3 used with the G-CALOR code for hadronic shower development.

Geant4 physics validation for large HEP detectors

Optimal exploitation of hadronic final states played a key role in successes of all recent collider experiment in HEP, and the ability to use hadronic final states will continue to be one of the decisive issues during the analysis phase of the LHC experiments. Monte Carlo techniques facilitate the use of hadronic final states, and have been developed for many years. We will give a brief overview of the physics underlying hadronic shower simulation, discussing the three basic types of modeling; data driven, parametrization driven, and theory driven modeling at the example of Geant4. We will confront these different types of modeling with the stringent requirements posed by the LHC experiments on hadronic shower simulation, and report on the current status of the validation effort for large HEP applications. We will address robustness, and CPU and physics performance evaluations.

Hadronic shower models in Geant4 — the frameworks

Optimal exploitation of hadronic final states played a key role in successes of all recent collider experiment in HEP, and the ability to use hadronic final states will continue to be one of the decisive issues during the analysis phase of the LHC experiments. Monte Carlo programs like Geant4 (1994) facilitate the use of hadronic final states, and have been developed for many years. We give an overview of the Object Oriented frameworks for hadronic generators in Geant4, and illustrate the physics models underlying hadronic shower simulation on examples, including the three basic types of modeling; data driven, parametrization driven, and theory driven modeling, and their possible realizations in the Object Oriented component system of Geant4. We put particular focus on the level of extendibility that can and has been achieved by our Russian dolls approach to Object Oriented design, and the role and importance of the frameworks in a component system.

On hadronic shower simulation

The exploitation of hadronic final states played a key role in the successes of all recent HEP collider experiments, and the ability to use the hadronic final state will continue to be one of the decisive issues during the LHC era. Monte Carlo techniques to make efficient use of hadronic final states have been developed for many years, and have a technological culmination in Object Oriented tool-kits for hadronic shower simulation that now are becoming available. In the present paper we give a brief overview on the physics modeling underlying hadronic shower simulation, and report on advanced techniques used and developed for simulation of hadronic showers in HEP experiments. We will discuss the three basic types of modelling — data driven, parametisation driven, and theory driven modelling — and demonstrate ways to combine them in a flexible manner for concrete applications. We will confront the different types of modelling with the stringent requirements on hadronic shower simulation posed by LHC, and investigate whether the issue will have been addressed in a satisfactory manner within time restrictions of the Computing Technical Design reports of the LHC experiments.

Monte Carlo simulation of hadronic showers related to work at the ANI facility

Abstract Hadronic showers initiated by 0.1–100 TeV protons in the calorimeters of the ANI facility are simulated with the MARS10 code. The longitudinal and lateral distributions of energy deposition for these showers in the ANI and ANI-Prototype calorimeters are calculated. A parametrization for the lateral shower profiles is given. The leakage from the calorimeters is estimated. The spatial distribution of energy deposition by 1–100 TeV EAS in a scintillation array located 615 g/cm 2 deep in the atmosphere is obtained. The results are compared with the Nishimura-Kamata lateral structure function.

Fast simulation of longitudinal hadron shower profiles in the ZEUS calorimeter

An algorithm for fast simulation of hadronic showers in the uranium-scintillator calorimeter is presented. The program is based on an analysis of the WA78 calorimeter test data. Through fluctuations of the mean shower profile the energy deposits in the calorimeter modules and the energy correlations between the modules are well reproduced. The program was prepared to study effects of longitudinal energy leakage in the ZEUS experiment.

Monte Carlo simulation of hadronic showers by the MARS10 code and comparison with experiment

Hadronic showers are simulated by the MARS10 code [1] and compared with various experimental results obtained at high-energy accelerators. Good agreement between the experiment and the simulations is observed. MARS10 is a fast and reliable instrument for numerical studies of the average characteristics of hadronic showers.

Simulation of hadronic showers and calorimeters

A variety of codes to simulate the evolution of hadronic showers have been developed for applications in experimental high energy physics. This review summarizes the important physics basis for these codes, presents a sampling of typical applications, and describes the differences and relationship between the codes. Particular emphasis is placed on issues relevant to hadronic calorimetry, including the physics of compensation

Analysis and simulation of hadronic showers in a uranium gas-sampling calorimeter

The results of a simulation of the response of the L3 detector to hadrons is presented. The simulation is made on the basis of data obtained in the beam with the setup consisting of a uranium gas-sampling calorimeter with a bismuth germanium oxide calorimeter in front of it.

Measurement, parametrization and fast simulation of hadronic showers in lead

Measurements on longitudinal and lateral hadronic shower development in lead at 13 and 20 GeV are presented. It is shown that the longitudinal shower profile can be parametrized by a two component formula. A fast hadronic shower simulation method based on parametrization is described together with a possible method to introduce fluctuation in the shower development. A comparison between the simulation and data is also presented.